USRE10190E - Apparatus for heating cars - Google Patents

Description

3 Sheets-Sheet 1.

- 1'. A. SALMON. APPARATUS FOR EEATING ems.

o. 1o,1'9o.- Reissued Aug. 29, 1882.

' a sheets-sheet 2;

-1.' :AVS LMON. APPARATUfi FOR HEATING CARS.

No. 10,190. Reissued Aug. 29', 1882 mimovzq";

being either led upward to the roof or caused todischarge beneath the body of the car.

G is a pipe to conduct-steam from the top of the heater, if desired, but has no material conneqtion with the invention.

H is a jacket immediately surrounding the tubes C, and perforated throughout a portion of its surface, as shown in Fig. 2, in order to permit free access of air from the exterior, and thereby support combustion above the combustion-chamber B, about the series of watertubes 0. Outside this perforated jacket H is a second imperforate jacket, H, open at top or bottom, orf both, to permit access of draftcurrents to the jacket H, the object of which 'is to prevent undue loss of heat by radiation; A third jacket, H, having its lower portion perforated like H, is placed within the combnstion-chambcr. This jacketextends down nearlyto the foot of the tubes 0, and its purpose is to direct the draft from the interior of the heater in such a manner as to direct the flames mainly upon and around the tubes 0.

' It will. be seen that in Fig. 2 these tubes are arranged between the outer and inner jackets, H and H, both perforated to admit'the air,

- the object being to causev the draft-currents from outside and inside to rise to the flue between the jackets, thfis cansiug the flames to surround the tubes 0 on all sides f and f' are petcocks, the former being placed in the condensing-drum F, and the latter in the water-chamber G.

e is the ed'uctioitpipe, and e is the inductionpipe, the former passing the lower end of the conical water-ch amber E. The induction-pipe 0 opens directly into the water-chamber 0.

F is a pipe connecting the condenser F with the lower water-chamber, .0.

1 will now'set forth the operation of this form of apparatus, before proceeding to de-. scribe the modifications shown in the'remaining figures of the drawings.

The filling or tunnel cockfiu the condensing-drum F being opened, the water-chamber G is filled until the water rises in the tubes 0 and overflows into the chamber E, filling the latter also. The proper quantity to be introduced is indicated by the discharge of surplusage through the petcock f, which should be kept open for that purpose until the heater is filled. This cock is then closed, and the door 1, leading into the interior of the casing, be-

ing opeued, the gas is admitted. The Bunsen burners b by the coil a arejgnited. The flames,

rising between the outer and inner perforated jackets, surround the tubes C G and heat the water contained in them with great speed. As its temperature increases the wate'r rises in these tubes and overflows into the chamber E, and as the steam is generated it drives the excess of waterin this chamber up through the pipe E into the condensing-drum F, the lower end of the pipe being in a plane somewhat-below the upper ends of the tubes 0'. In this manner the water-line is always kept at a the condensing-drum F serv point just below the upper ends of the tubes C, thereby forming a trap to prevent backward flow of water from the overflow-chamber E through the tubes (3. The-moment the wa- 7o ter rises in the tubes 0 and overflows into the chamber E circulation begins in the radiatingpipes A, Fig. 6, which pass from the heater through thespace to be warmed and back to the apparatus.- The fluid, as it rises in temperature, flows outward through the pipe einto the radiating-pipes, and water at the same time is drawn into the chamberQ through the pipe 0, connected with the return end of the radiating-pipes. This sets up a circulation throughout the whole length of the radiating pipes, the water in the tubes 0 overflowing into the chamber E, passing down and out at its lower end through the pipe einto the lines of radiating-pipe through the pipe 0' into the water-chamber 0. When the temperature rises to 210 or 212 Fahrenheit and ebullition begins, the current pours through these pipes with great veloeity, passing back into the heater so rapidly that go no diflicultyis experienced in keeping the temperature of the radiating-pipes at a high point.

throughout'their entire length.

- From the nature of ms operation I term the central chamber, E, the overflow chamber,

since it receives the water poured into its uppeneud by the tubes 0.

tionviz., upward. The draft is sodirected that the flames are driven toward and around t a the series of tubes 0 and away from the central or overflow chamber, concentrating the heat upon the tubes, while at the same time the draft-currents are suflicient to prevent ebullitionin chamber Undue pressure and v con sequen t danger of explosion. is th us avoided.

As steam is generated, it is condensed in the drum F, but should there be. a ny portion not condensed it will operate-in theitbllqwing manner: As the vapor passes .upward through the pip F, it will condense in thedrumuutil the temperature of the water is raised to the point of vaporization. It willbe easily seen there-v fore that the moment sufficient vapor is generated to fill the steam chamber D above the chamber E,-it w'illact to drive the excess of water up into thecondensing-drum; and the whole-weight of the column of water in the pipeF" will be sustained and be balanced, by. the pressure of the vapor in the steam-chum her 1) upon the surface of the water in the. v 'chamber'E. j As fast as this water is cvapo-' rated the loss will be supplied by water from the condenser F flowing downward into the chamber" 0, whence it will pass again through the tubes U'into the chamber E and pass out through the radiating-pipes, and thence back into the heater. It is eviden therefore that 2p tb check the excessive generation of steam, by which danger of explosion might be incurred. Being situated, as it is, at a distance from the heater,

A,(s'een in Fig. 6,)and back The circulation in. 'these tubes must be invariably in one direcit will slowly radiate any-excess of temperature, and will thereby cause a constant condensation ot' the steam which is driven from the chamber E up the pipe F. Moreover, it will operate as a safety-reservoir to prevent the water in the heater from i'al-ling' toolow, or, in fact, sinking at all, since as long as any waterremains in the drum it will. flow into the water-chamber through pipe F, and the level of the water'in the overflow-ch am her will he maintained at the point where the pipe F opens into said chamber. The pipe F{ may,

however, be connected to and run into the chambcrE instead of the chamber (Landthis form of arrangement is preferable, since the cooler water from the drum-is then mingled at once with the hot water in the chamber E and, passes at once into the pipes without checkingthe circulation.

If desired, I may employ the steam generated in the apparatus as a heating; agent in connection with the water-pipes. resents in horizontal elevation a heater so organized; but in it the pipe F leading from the overflow-chamber, instead oi risingdirectly to the condensing-drum, is carried downward and passes around the surface to be heated, where it may he laid side by side with the radiating-pipes, or otherwise located, as desired. Thence it returns to the drum, to which it is connected in the same manner as the pipe F shown in Fig. 2 and already described.

In Fig. 6, F represents the steam-pipe, which passes from the dome of the heater downward and around the flooringof the car, as shown 'at A", where it is shown lying beside the water-pipe A. Alter leaving the floor the return-pipe (designated by Ff) ascends to the drum.

' ,ward thecenter, as in Fig. 2, they empty into valve, g', to prevent the rising of water th rough it into the drum.

The heater descrihed'in thel'oregoing pages is more particularly intended for the consumption of gas as an agent of'oomhnstion.

In Figs. 4 and 5 of the drawings I have shown an apparatus in which hard coal may ,he burned. The substitution of coal for gas or oil necessarily in volyes important modifications in cohstruction. A is the grate, imme-' diately above which is the combustion-chamher, 0, corresponding with the chamber 0 in Fig. 2. The tubes 0' rise from this lower water-chamberi'G but, instead of overflowing toan annular water-chamber, E, outside. The cduction-pipe,tliroagh which theontward flow Fig. 6 repber or fire-pot; Bflsurrouuded by a; water-chaos a gratingis employed.

takes place, connects with" this outer chamber at E and the return-pipe is seen entering: the water-chamber G at 2 'A comlensing drum ot' the same'fiirm and arrangement already described will be used in thisform of heater,and the fuel will he introduced at the top through a sliding door, (I. A sectional-trap, I, one halt" of which slides horizontally upon the other portion, (the two being connected by pins runheater t be same condensing-drum and the'samt? general arrangement of pipes are iequired as in that shown in Figs. 1 and 2. ,I have therefore notshown in Figs. at and 5 those parts which are merely duplications of the condenser and its pipes. Atthe same time I employ the condensing-drum to guard against danger by preserving, the water constantly at the same level in the chamber E, as already described. In arranging this apparatus on a horse-car according to my invention I propose to locate the heater at one end beneath the seat, as shown in Fig. 6. It may, however, be found preferable to place it in the center of the car, asheing subjected to less motion, and consequently greatly diminishing the swash of the water in the interior of the chamber l It placed at theeud, however, the chamber E may be coiered by a diaphragm having a cen traldepression and opening, which will 'allow the free-circulation of fluid, and at the same time prei'ent the violent, agitation oi? the surface. its extremely small size, and the fact that its organization renders all danger from heat, smoke,- or scorchingimpossible, enable. me to employ the space beneath the seat. for this purpose, aiid' thus avoid the necessity of sacrificing space needed for'othcr purposes.

From theheater the pipcs'rnn to the flooring,

and thenceont-ward and down the entire length of the car,passing up both sides, and tinally returning to the heater. I have shown them as 'sunk below the plane of the tloor and cov ered by a, grating,throu'gh which the heat may radiateupward'. Any other construction bywhich the same-results may be gained may be substituted-'- as, for example, instead of a grating, a shallow metal jacket may be sunk in the flooring and the pipes laid in it. Being thus wholly inclosed, in some cases this may prove-a desirable change, as the loss of heat by radiation will not be quite. as rapid aswhen The flue G for the smoke and other products of combustion passes beneath the seat of the-1 car to the end, and may be either carried up. -to the roof or turned downward and discharged beneath the car. Access is" obtained tot-he I apply heat to the said tubes for the purposeot heater by panels, (shown in broken lines in Fig. 6.) the outside of the car, andone in-front of the seat and'inside of the ear. It'desired, it would be easy, in place of one of these, to hinge a section of the sent directly above the heater, and thus obtain access from above.

As 1 have already remarked, my apparatus 'isso contrived that it may be made of less d imensions than any otherhheater of which I have knowledge, while at the same time it is so powerful that it will developand maintain the full degree of heat required throughout the f gers. [he

entire length of the radiating-pipes, even in the coldest w'eather, These pipes may be solaid as to cover a space in the flooring of four,

six, or even eight inches in width,running directlyin front of the seats occupied by passendiameter of the pipes will, in a measure, determine the number of-coils. It

may be found advantageous, also, to employ a pipe specialty constructed for this form .of

heater, and having a flattened or oval shape, in order to increase the extent ofthe upper radiating-surface.

I am aware of United States Letters Patent No. 210,566, granted to me December 3,487.8;

also, No. 218,685, granted to W. E. Prall, Au-

gnstltl, 1879, and make no claim, in this ap-'' plication to anything shown in said Lettersj Patent.

Having thus fully described my invention, what I claim, and desire to secure by Letters Patent of the United States, is-

1. A water-heater for railway-oars having combinedtherein the following elements, to

. wit: acombustiou'orfire chamber,water-chamher (3, surrounding the said fire-chamber, an

overflow-chamber, tubes connecting these two chambers" and adapted to conduct the water from the annular chamber to the overflow- Vchamber E, and radiating-pipes passing from the overflow-chamber through the space to be heated, thence returning to the-said waterchambegsubstantially as and for the,purposes set forth.

2. The combination,with the annular waterchamber and overflow-chamber, of a series of 7 tubes counectingthem and au-onterand inner 5o jacket inclosing the tubes between them,sub-

stantially as and for the purpose set forth.

3. The oombinatiomwith an overflow-charm .ber, E, and a separate water-chamber, of a series of tubes connecting the two chambers, and heating apparatus adapted to act upon or causing circulation from the water-chamber through the tubes to the overflow-chamber E,

substantially as and for the purpose set forth. 4. Ina beater, the water-chamber 0, into One may open at the end and upon which the Water to be heated is fed, an overand' heating tubes connecting the said chambers, a condensing-drum, and pipes F F, the former entering the overflow chamber and upper end of the said conducting and heating tubes,substantially as and for the purposes described. Y

5. The combination, with. the fire-chamber, of an annular water-chamber surrounding the same, tubes rising from overflow-chamber into which said tubes disflow-chamber, the series of water-conducting .opening into the .same at a point: below the saidchamber to an charge, radiating-pipes leading from said overflow-chamber through the space tobe heated and back to the annular chamber, a condensing-drum having a pipe'opening into theover flow-chamber "below the upper-ends of the tubes 0, its other end extending into the condenser, and' a second pipe leading from the bottom of the condenser to the annular waterchamber, substantially as and for the purpose set forth. V 4

6, The combination, with a gas-burner, of the annular chamber 0, the Overflowchamber E, the tubes 0', and the pipes 22 c, substantially as and for the purpose set forth.

.the inner and shorter jacket, H, bothvbeing perforated throughout their lower part, a se-.

7. The combination, with the jacket H, of

lies of water-tubes arranged between said I jackets, and apparatus for heating the water,

substantially as and for the purpose set forth. v

8. The combination, with the jackets H and H, of a series of water-conducting tubes,.G'., arranged between said jackets and the outer jacket, H, substantially as and for the purpose set forth. I

'9. The combination, with the heater, baring two water-chambers arranged as described, of we a condensingdrum, the steam-pipe passing from the heater directly through the space to be heated and thence back to the condenser,

the pipe F", and valves to permit the circulation ofwat'er in butpne direction in the said pipes, substantially as and for the purpose set forth. l

10. The combination, with the flooring'ot' a street-railway ear, of the heater consisting of the water-chambers G E, tubes 0'', a suitable heating apparatus, condenser F, and pipes F F, and the pipes 'e e, substantially as and'for the putpose set forth.

In testimony whereof I aflix mysignaturein preseneeof two witnesses.

IRA A. ISAILMOINV Witnesses:

. '1. WAL'rnaFowLER,

H. B; APPLEWHAITE.

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