USRE8843E - Improvement in the manufacture of white or light-colored brick - Google Patents

Description

mousse-E01 OPABK, QF'QTTAWA, ONTARIO, cerea suriq w IN semen? er. WHIIE 0R urn-co m BRl9K- Specification forming part of Letters Patent No. lB-jflhf, dated November 1876; Reissue No. 8,8Q3, dated d August 12, 1&9; application tiled July 17,1879. I

To all whom it may Be it known thatl, Tnonlis McLnonC ARK, of Ottawa, in the connty'of Carlton, Province of Onta-rio, Ganada, have in vented certain new and useful 1m movements in the Manufacture of .White or iigm' coimed nr cr'g' a I do hereby declare that the following is a full, clea r, and exact description thereof." I r To enable others skilled in the art. to construct and use my invention, I will proceed to e bcv i Theobject of my invention is to produce white or light-colored brick fron'i'those clays which, in a, natural state, burn or bake of a. red or other dark color; and to'this end the invention consists in combining with the 'clay a material which will, when subjected with the clafy'to one action of heat, deoxidile and whiten the clay. The material which I haveselected as best adapted for this purpose is shellnlarl, thebleaching action of which is due" to the development and action of carbonic-acid gas.

The essential feature of the invention is the use of a material which will, when heated, set free carbonic-acid gas; and while the marl is believed to be the best suhstancethat can be employed, it is manifest that any chemical equivalentthht is' to say,.any materialthat will give 011 the-cnrbonic-acid gas-may be employed.

My improvement may .be used in the manufacture of white, pink, cream-colored, and mottled' brick, ofblocks, sills, mullion-pi'eces,

straight cornices, arch-bands, key-blocks, and

other plain and ornamental'objects for urchitectural uses, and generally for allarticlesand objects which are to'be used as substitutesfor stone, brick, or pottery-ware.

The essential feature of the invention is the combination, for the uses named,'aud other similar uses, of mar], or equivalent material, to produce carbonic acid gas, and aluminous earth or clay, the man nor of treating the materials being of secondary importance, and susceptible of modification according to the requirements of the dilterent cases.

The clay and marl maybctaken directly from their natural beds= crushed or ground, either separately or together, thoroughly mixed, and

incorporated into a homogeneous-mass, tempered with water,-with orwithout the addition of sand,'and then molded in the usual manner, either by hand or in a machine; or'fthe crushed materials may be passed through a' washing mill or" other washing apparatus. "and then through a screen-or 1 series [of screens into'shallow vats or pits,'-the" sc'reens being used to remove the uncrushed shells'a-nd other coarse materials. The solid matter p e cipitat'es to the bottom of the vatsofpits, and is there dried, either by the natural evaporation'of the'water, the applicatio'nof artificial heat, atmospheric pressure, or exhaustion, or the water runflofl by percolation or by a system of spouts, which should be arranged to conduct itback to the wash-mill; iVhen the precipitated'material is sntficiently dried, or reaches the proper consistency, it is taken from the vets au'clmolded, and then baked orburned, asusual. The clay is brought to the best condition for the above m nne -any running it out from the bank or bed in thin layers,'und subjecting it. to the actionof winter frosts, or to" the scorching rays of the summer sun,'either treat ment serving to break up and disintegratethe mass, and'dause it toahsorb water with'readi ness. i Another method of carrying out my invention is to place the ciay,'previously weathered as above, in a layer of from six to twelve inches in'depth, in a shallow pit, and then flood it with the waterfroin a wash-mill containing the proper amount of the crushed and screened marl. In a day'or two the water peroolate's through the clay and is dra'wn ofl, leaving the marl on top. The clay and marl are then thoro'ughly tempered-and mixed, and the moldingperformed in the usual manner.

' As before stated, the manner of preparing and combining the clay and marl may be varied as circumstances may reqiiu'e' or render expedient the only requirement being that the materials shall be thoroughly and evenlyi incorporated with each other.

It will, of course, be understood that in all cases the proportion (if-clay must so for exceed that of the marl as to give the brick the proper streu th and hardness in order that it may resist t e crushing-force to which it is subjected when used.

I mu aware that it husbecn proposed to employ, n the manufacture of hydraulic cement, English marl or green sand having a.

very small proportion of clay; but my invention is in no wise aflected thereby, the properties and qualities required in brick and in 4 eementbi'ng winery {liTlem'IT 1mm eiwlmthen Having thus described my invention, what I claim is I 1. As a new article of manufacture, a brick or similar article composedof aluminous clay and marl.

2. As an improvement in the art of manufacturing brick and similar articles from dark clay, the combination, with the clay, of finelypulverized marl, for the purpose of bleaching the same and renderingtbe brick or other articles of a. white or light color.

3. As an improvement in the art of manufacturing lighteolored brick and similar artielesfromshwkeolowd clay, thecom hinatiou,

with the clay. of a, substance which, when heated, gives olf carbonic-acid gas.

THOMAS M. CLARK.

Witnesses WILLIAM W. DODGE, H. J. ENNIS.