USRE49471E1 - Method for protecting data in a mu-mimo based wireless communication system - Google Patents
Method for protecting data in a mu-mimo based wireless communication system Download PDFInfo
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- USRE49471E1 USRE49471E1 US15/293,258 US201015293258A USRE49471E US RE49471 E1 USRE49471 E1 US RE49471E1 US 201015293258 A US201015293258 A US 201015293258A US RE49471 E USRE49471 E US RE49471E
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04B—TRANSMISSION
- H04B7/00—Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field
- H04B7/02—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas
- H04B7/04—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas
- H04B7/0413—MIMO systems
- H04B7/0452—Multi-user MIMO systems
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
- H04W72/00—Local resource management
- H04W72/04—Wireless resource allocation
- H04W72/044—Wireless resource allocation based on the type of the allocated resource
- H04W72/0446—Resources in time domain, e.g. slots or frames
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
- H04W72/00—Local resource management
- H04W72/20—Control channels or signalling for resource management
- H04W72/23—Control channels or signalling for resource management in the downlink direction of a wireless link, i.e. towards a terminal
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
- H04W74/00—Wireless channel access
- H04W74/08—Non-scheduled access, e.g. ALOHA
- H04W74/0808—Non-scheduled access, e.g. ALOHA using carrier sensing, e.g. carrier sense multiple access [CSMA]
- H04W74/0816—Non-scheduled access, e.g. ALOHA using carrier sensing, e.g. carrier sense multiple access [CSMA] with collision avoidance
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
- H04W84/00—Network topologies
- H04W84/02—Hierarchically pre-organised networks, e.g. paging networks, cellular networks, WLAN [Wireless Local Area Network] or WLL [Wireless Local Loop]
- H04W84/10—Small scale networks; Flat hierarchical networks
- H04W84/12—WLAN [Wireless Local Area Networks]
Definitions
- Exemplary embodiments of the present invention relate to a method for protecting data by exchanging a RTS (Request To Send) frame and a CTS (Clear To Send) frame in a wireless communication system; and, more particularly, to a method for protecting MU-MIMO (Multi-User Multiple Input Multiple Output) data by exchanging multiple RTS/CTS frames in a wireless communication system based on MU-MIMO.
- RTS Request To Send
- CTS Call To Send
- MU-MIMO Multi-User Multiple Input Multiple Output
- a WLAN basically supports a BSS (Basic Service Set) consisting of an AP (Access Point), which serves as the point of access of a DS (Distributed System), and a plurality of wireless STAs (STAtions) other than the AP.
- BSS Basic Service Set
- AP Access Point
- DS Distributed System
- STAtions wireless STAs
- the MAC (Medium Access Control) protocol of the WLAN operates based on CSMA/CA (Carrier Sense Multiple Access/Collision Avoidance). Therefore, the WLAN involves resource wasting in the course of channel contention.
- IEEE 802.11 Workgroup ‘e’ has defined an enhanced MAC protocol, which proposes that, when a radio resource transmission right is acquired, multiple MPDUs are transmitted using SIFS (Short Inter-Frame Space) during a TXOP (Transmission Opportunity), and block ACKs are received in response thereto (i.e. burst transmission).
- IEEE 802.11 Workgroup ‘n’ has defined an A-MSDU (Aggregated MSDU) and an A-MPDU (Aggregated MDPU). At least one MSDU (which is a transmission unit) or at least one MPDU is aggregated even without IFS, and is transmitted in the process of one-time radio resource contention.
- A-MSDU Aggregated MSDU
- A-MPDU Aggregated MDPU
- a VHT WLAN system supports, in a multiple (three)-STA environment consisting of one AP and two STAs, maximum throughput of 1 Gbps at the MAC SAP of the AP, as well as maximum throughput of 500 Mbps at the MAC SAP of a wireless STA for point-to-point environments. There is also consideration made so that each AP and STA of the VHT WLAN simultaneously supports compatibility with existing WLAN (IEEE 802.11a/n system).
- a wireless STA When a wireless STA acquires a TXOP in a wireless communication system (e.g. WLAN), the STA needs to receive a response through a response frame regarding a request frame in order to improve reliability of wireless communication. Examples include a CTS frame responding to a RTS frame and an ACK frame responding to a transmitted data frame.
- a wireless communication system e.g. WLAN
- the responses are classified into immediate responses and delayed responses.
- Responses (ACK frames) to a single piece of data correspond to the immediate responses; and block responses responding to a continuous transmission or aggregated MPDU correspond to both immediate and delayed responses.
- An immediate response is used in the following manner when PHY-RXEND.primitive of a received request frame is generated, a response frame is transmitted after SIFS so that other wireless STAs do not transmit.
- the frame exchange sequence constitutes a pair, as described above.
- the generated response frame may not include a transmission address.
- a delayed response is used in the following manner: a response is made through an ACK frame as a basic response for informing of whether an initially generated request frame has been received or not, and a response frame including requested information is then transmitted.
- the response frame in this case may be transmitted through EDCA (Enhanced Distributed Channel Access) regarding channels, piggybacked by another frame, or aggregated and transmitted together with another frame.
- EDCA Enhanced Distributed Channel Access
- a transmitting STA receives a response frame from a receiving STA and then informs the receiving STA that the response frame has been received using an ACK frame.
- the frame exchange sequence in such a WLAN may be applied to a multiple-user wireless communication system.
- wireless STAs can receive frames according to the above-mentioned frame exchange sequence and simultaneously transmit response frames after IFS.
- a wireless STA After receiving a frame, needs to transmit a response frame using a difference of channel or time.
- Schemes for exchanging frames using a difference of time but the same bandwidth in a WLAN system include a scheme of exchanging a request frame eliciting response frames and a response frame through channel access for each wireless STA, and a scheme of transmitting, by a plurality of wireless STAs, successive response frames through a single request frame.
- the scheme of exchanging a request frame eliciting response frames and a response frame through channel access for each wireless STA is as follows: an AP transmits a request frame to a first wireless STA through channel access; the first wireless STA transmit a response frame after SIFS; the AP transmits another request frame to a second wireless STA through channel access; and the second wireless STA transmits a response frame after SIFS.
- the scheme of transmitting, by a plurality of wireless STAs, successive response frames through a single request frame is as follows: a single request frame including address information regarding multiple users is transmitted through channel access, and the wireless STAs then successively transmit response frames after SIFS.
- Downlink operation in a wireless communication system based on MU-MIMO largely includes five phases, specifically a sounding phase for beamforming used in MU-MIMO, a group control phase capable of controlling transmission and reception with regard to multiple users, a NAV distribution phase for protecting MU-MIMO data from legacy wireless STAs, a beamformed data transmission phase for transmitting MU-MIMO data to multiple users within a designated group, and a response phase for receiving an ACK frame from a wireless STA that has received data.
- FIG. 1 schematically illustrates downlink operation including a NAV distribution phase for informing of channel use for protecting MU-MIMO data from legacy wireless STAs.
- the frame that delivers a NAV value should be decodable by legacy wireless STAs as well.
- wireless STAs when performing channel access to acquire a TXOP, use RTS and CTS frames or short data and ACK frame exchange, or use CTS-to-Self frames.
- An embodiment of the present invention is directed to a method for efficiently protecting MU-MIMO data by exchanging RTS and CTS frames, without modifying the existing control frame format, in a wireless communication system using MU-MIMO technology.
- a method for protecting data transmitted from a transmitting wireless station to at least one receiving wireless station in a wireless communication system using MU-MIMO technology includes: transmitting a transmission request frame from the transmitting wireless station to each of the at least one receiving wireless station; and receiving a transmission approval frame from each of the at least one receiving wireless station as a response to the transmission request frame, wherein the transmission request frame comprises a VHT data marker for protecting VHT traffic.
- the transmission request frame may be a RTS (Request To Send) frame
- the transmission approval frame may be a CTS (Clear To Send) frame.
- the VHT data marker may use a specific field of the RTS frame for a legacy wireless station.
- the RTS frame may have a duration corresponding to the sum of transmission time of the CTS frame, transmission time of a next data frame, and response time for the next data frame.
- the RTS frame may have a duration corresponding to a limit value of TXOP.
- a method for protecting data transmitted from a transmitting wireless station to receiving wireless stations as many as a natural number n (n ⁇ 1) in a wireless communication system using MU-MIMO technology includes: transmitting a transmission request frame from the transmitting wireless station to each of at least one receiving wireless station; and receiving a transmission approval frame from each of the at least one receiving wireless station as a response to the transmission request frame, wherein the transmission request frame has a frame duration set for NAV setting.
- the transmission request frame transmitted to the last receiving wireless station of the plurality of receiving wireless stations may have a duration different from a duration of transmission request frames to the other receiving wireless stations.
- the transmission request frames transmitted to the other receiving wireless stations than the last receiving wireless station may have a duration corresponding to the sum of each IFS and transmission time of the transmission approval frames, and the transmission request frame transmitted to the last receiving wireless station may have a duration corresponding to the sum of transmission time of a transmission approval frame by the last receiving wireless station, transmission time of a VHT data frame, transmission time of a response frame, and IFS for each frame.
- a method for protecting data transmitted from a transmitting wireless station to receiving wireless stations as many as a natural number n (n ⁇ 1) in a wireless communication system using MU-MIMO technology includes: transmitting a transmission request frame from the transmitting wireless station to each of a plurality of receiving wireless stations; and receiving a transmission approval frame from each of the plurality of receiving wireless stations as a response to the transmission request frame, wherein the transmission approval frames received from the receiving wireless stations, except for the last receiving wireless station, have a duration set as ‘0’, and the transmission request frame transmitted to the last receiving wireless station has a duration corresponding to the sum of transmission time of a transmission approval frame by the last receiving wireless station, transmission time of a VHT data frame, transmission time of a response frame, and IFS for each frame.
- the method may further include: resetting a NAV value by the wireless stations, from which the transmission approval frames having a duration of ‘0’ have been received.
- MU-MIMO data is protected by exchanging RTS and CTS frames, without modifying the existing control frame format, in a wireless communication system using MU-MIMO technology so that data can be simultaneously transmitted/received between an AP and a plurality of wireless STAs, while maintaining backward compatibility with existing WLAN systems, and throughput of the WLAN system is improved.
- FIG. 1 illustrates downlink operation in a WLAN system to which the present invention is applied.
- FIG. 2 illustrates a method for protecting MU-MIMO data by exchanging RTS/CTS frames in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 3 illustrates a method for protecting MU-MIMO data by setting the interval of a CTS frame by an AP in accordance with another embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 4 illustrates a method for protecting MU-MIMO data by changing the duration of a CTS frame by a wireless STA in accordance with still another embodiment of the present invention.
- the present invention will hereinafter be described with reference to a wireless communication system, among various types of high-speed wireless communication systems, to which MU-MIMO technology is applied based on a wireless communication system defined by IEEE 802.11.
- a wireless communication system among various types of high-speed wireless communication systems, to which MU-MIMO technology is applied based on a wireless communication system defined by IEEE 802.11.
- IEEE 802.11 a wireless communication system defined by IEEE 802.11
- the present invention is applicable to any environment using multiple channels or any wireless communication environment using MU-MIMO technology.
- Occurrence of channel collision in a MU-MIMO WLAN system may result in low system efficiency compared with system complexity resulting from MU-MIMO application. This means that, compared with conventional RTS and CTS frame exchange, RTS and CTS frames need to be exchanged in a broader range.
- the present invention proposes a method for exchanging multiple RTS and CTS frames so that CTS frames are received from all of multiple users who want to receive data, and the NAV of nearby wireless STAs is set.
- FIG. 2 illustrates a method for protecting MU-MIMO data by exchanging RTS/CTS frames in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 2 illustrates a RTS/CTS frame multiple exchange process for informing of a NAV value by using a legacy RTS frame format and a legacy CTS frame format. That is, FIG. 2 illustrates RTS/CTS multiple exchanges in a BSS consisting of one AP and three wireless STAs (STA1, STA2, STA3).
- the AP transmits transmission request messages, i.e. RTS frames, to a plurality of wireless stations STA1, STA2, and STA3, to which data is to be transmitted, and receives transmission approval messages, i.e. CTS messages, from respective wireless stations STA1, STA2, and STA3 in response to the RTS frames.
- RTS frames transmission request messages
- CTS messages transmission approval messages
- the AP transmits a RTS frame to STA1 through channel access.
- the AP receives a CTS frame from STA1 after SIFS.
- the AP similarly exchanges RTS/CTS frames with STA2.
- the AP also exchanges RTS/CTS frames with STA3.
- a CTS frame is transmitted in response to a RTS frame after SIFS.
- the IFS xIFS
- the IFS may be one of SIFS, RIFS (Reduced Inter-Frame Space), and undefined IFS.
- Legacy wireless STAs i.e. conventional WLAN STAs based on IEEE 802.11a and IEEE 802.11n, can receive a RTS or CTS frame from a VTH wireless STA and, upon receiving such a RTS or CTS frame from a VHT STA, can set a NAV value. Therefore, when a legacy wireless STA receives a RTS or CTS frame, it recognizes that the channel is being used and performs no channel access process.
- VHT wireless STAs operate the same as legacy STAs in the process of exchanging RTS or CTS frames, the VHT STAs recognize that the channel is being used and do not perform the NAV distribution process of FIG. 2 .
- the present invention proposes that, when a conventional RTS frame is used by VHT wireless STAs to exchange RTS/CTS frames and set NAV for MU-MIMO data protection, the transmitted RTS frame include a mark for protecting VHT traffic (hereinafter, referred to as a VHT data marker).
- the VHT data marker may be implemented by re-using a specific field of a legacy RTS frame or by using a reserved bit (which is not yet defined) of a legacy RTS frame. For example, a bit for indicating an individual or a group in the TA field of a legacy RTS frame may be used (when set as ‘1’, indicates a RTS frame for VHT wireless STAs).
- a legacy wireless STA Upon receiving such a RTS frame, a legacy wireless STA can function normally because it has the same format as a legacy RTS frame. Furthermore, a VHT wireless STA can read a specific field of the RTS frame which has been modified and, when a VHT data marker has been set therein, recognize that it is a RTS frame for VHT traffic protection.
- a VHT wireless STA must update the NAV value even if a legacy RTS frame including no VHT data marker is received. Furthermore, even if the VHT wireless STA has received not data, but a RTS frame transmitted by the AP for the next user, the STA must be able to transmit a CTS frame in response to the received RTS frame as long as the receiving STA address is directed to itself.
- the duration of a RTS frame generally includes ‘CTS frame transmission time+next data frame transmission time+response time’, or includes all cases including a TXOP limit value.
- FIG. 3 illustrates a method for protecting MU-MIMO data by setting the duration of a CTS frame by an AP in accordance with another embodiment of the present invention.
- the method in accordance with another embodiment of the present invention illustrated in FIG. 3 proposes that the AP sets a short duration of RTS frames transmitted to multiple users so that, even if VHT wireless STAs do not modify the process of receiving and processing RTS or CTS frames, VHT data protection operation is performed.
- the AP transmits transmission request frames, i.e. RTS frames, to a plurality of wireless STAs (STA1, STA2, STA3), to which data is to be transmitted, and receives transmission approval frames, i.e. CTS frames, from respective wireless STAs (STA1, STA2, STA3) in response to the RTS frames.
- the AP sets the duration of RTS frames transmitted to respective wireless STAs.
- the duration of RTS frames to the first to (n ⁇ 1) th VHT wireless STAs is set as “SIFS+CTS transmission time” as in the case of NAV1 and NAV2 illustrated in FIG. 3 .
- the duration of a RTS frame to the n th VHT wireless STA is set as “SIFS+CTS transmission time+xIFS+MU-MIMO data frame transmission time+xIFS+response frame transmission time”, as in the case of NAV3 illustrated in FIG. 3 , for VHT data protection.
- the duration of RTS frames to the first to (n ⁇ 1) th wireless STAs is set as a period of time for receiving CTS frames from respective wireless STAs
- the duration of a RTS frame to the n th wireless STA is set as a period of time for receiving a CTS frame from the n th wireless STA, transmitting MU-MIMO data to n wireless STAs, and receiving response frames to the transmitted MU-MIMO data.
- this embodiment of the present invention can use both legacy RTS frames and CTS frames and control the duration of RTS frames by the VHT AP, making it unnecessary to modify the CTS frame processing operation.
- the AP may also transmit a RTS frame only to one of the plurality of wireless STAs and, even in this case, the AP can set the duration of the RTS frame and control NAV for data protection.
- FIG. 4 illustrates a method for protecting MU-MIMO data by modifying the duration of a CTS frame by a wireless STA in accordance with still another embodiment of the present invention.
- the duration of a RTS frame is set to be larger than the NAV distribution period, but a wireless STA, after receiving the RTS frame, sets the duration of a CTS frame as ‘0’, regardless of the duration of the received RTS frame, and then makes a response.
- the n th wireless STA does not set the duration of a transmitted CTS frame as ‘ 0 ’ for the sake of MU-MIMO data protection. That is, the AP can set the duration of a RTS frame to the n th wireless STA as “SIFS+CTS transmission time+xIFS+MU-MIMO data frame transmission time+xIFS+response frame transmission time”, and the n th wireless STA can designate a data protection interval by avoiding setting the duration of a CTS frame as ‘0’.
- STA1 and STA2 when the AP is to transmit data to multiple wireless STAs (STA1, STA2, STA3) as many as n, STA1 and STA2 set the duration of CTS frames as ‘0’ regardless of the duration of the received RTS frames and then transmit CTS frames. Consequently, wireless STAs that have received the CTS frames with ‘0’ duration reset the NAV value.
- the AP sets the duration of a RTS frame to the n th wireless STA (i.e. STA3) as the period of time needed by the n th wireless STA to transmit a CTS frame, to transmit MU-MIMO data to the n wireless STAs, and to receive response frames to the transmitted MU-MIMO data, i.e.
- n th wireless STA i.e. STA3
- STA3 does not set the duration of a CTS frame as ‘0’, but retains the duration of the RTS frame.
- Such a process of transmitting beamformed data by NAV3 supports NAV protection.
- legacy RTS and CTS frame formats can be used without adding or modifying the RTS/CTS frame format and, even if a CTS frame fails to be transmitted, a different wireless STA maintains NAV protection, enabling recovery by the AP.
- the present invention also makes it unnecessary for a VHT wireless STA to transmit a CTS frame and update the NAV.
- the above-described methods can also be embodied as computer programs. Codes and code segments constituting the programs may be easily construed by computer programmers skilled in the art to which the invention pertains. Furthermore, the created programs may be stored in computer-readable recording media or data storage media and may be read out and executed by the computers. Examples of the computer-readable recording media include any computer-readable recoding media, e.g., intangible media such as carrier waves, as well as tangible media such as CD or DVD.
- the present invention is applicable to technology for protecting MU-MIMO data by exchanging multiple RTS/CTS frames in a wireless communication system based on MU-MIMO.
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Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US15/293,258 USRE49471E1 (en) | 2009-11-24 | 2010-11-24 | Method for protecting data in a mu-mimo based wireless communication system |
Applications Claiming Priority (7)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| KR1020107024389A KR20110014576A (ko) | 2008-05-31 | 2009-05-05 | 산화 금속 코팅을 갖는 공구 |
| KR10-2009-0113869 | 2009-11-24 | ||
| KR20090113869 | 2009-11-24 | ||
| KR10-2010-0024389 | 2010-03-18 | ||
| PCT/KR2010/008361 WO2011065749A2 (fr) | 2009-11-24 | 2010-11-24 | Procédé de protection de données dans un système de communication sans fil sur une base mu-mimo |
| US13/511,363 US8861495B2 (en) | 2009-11-24 | 2010-11-24 | Method for protecting data in a MU-MIMO based wireless communication system |
| US15/293,258 USRE49471E1 (en) | 2009-11-24 | 2010-11-24 | Method for protecting data in a mu-mimo based wireless communication system |
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| Publication Number | Publication Date |
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| USRE49471E1 true USRE49471E1 (en) | 2023-03-21 |
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| US15/293,258 Active 2031-05-20 USRE49471E1 (en) | 2009-11-24 | 2010-11-24 | Method for protecting data in a mu-mimo based wireless communication system |
| US13/511,363 Ceased US8861495B2 (en) | 2009-11-24 | 2010-11-24 | Method for protecting data in a MU-MIMO based wireless communication system |
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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| US13/511,363 Ceased US8861495B2 (en) | 2009-11-24 | 2010-11-24 | Method for protecting data in a MU-MIMO based wireless communication system |
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| Country | Link |
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| US (2) | USRE49471E1 (fr) |
| KR (1) | KR101948082B1 (fr) |
| WO (1) | WO2011065749A2 (fr) |
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Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| KR20110058710A (ko) | 2011-06-01 |
| WO2011065749A3 (fr) | 2011-11-10 |
| US20120236840A1 (en) | 2012-09-20 |
| US8861495B2 (en) | 2014-10-14 |
| WO2011065749A2 (fr) | 2011-06-03 |
| KR101948082B1 (ko) | 2019-04-25 |
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