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USPP29587P2 - Kiwi plant named ‘AU Gulf Coast Gold’ - Google Patents

Kiwi plant named ‘AU Gulf Coast Gold’ Download PDF

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Publication number
USPP29587P2
USPP29587P2 US15/330,677 US201615330677V USPP29587P2 US PP29587 P2 USPP29587 P2 US PP29587P2 US 201615330677 V US201615330677 V US 201615330677V US PP29587 P2 USPP29587 P2 US PP29587P2
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fruit
gold
gulf coast
golden
leaf
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W. Alfred Dozier, JR.
James A. Pitts
James D. Spiers
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Auburn University
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Auburn University
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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01H—NEW PLANTS OR NON-TRANSGENIC PROCESSES FOR OBTAINING THEM; PLANT REPRODUCTION BY TISSUE CULTURE TECHNIQUES
    • A01H5/00—Angiosperms, i.e. flowering plants, characterised by their plant parts; Angiosperms characterised otherwise than by their botanic taxonomy
    • A01H5/08—Fruits
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01H—NEW PLANTS OR NON-TRANSGENIC PROCESSES FOR OBTAINING THEM; PLANT REPRODUCTION BY TISSUE CULTURE TECHNIQUES
    • A01H6/00—Angiosperms, i.e. flowering plants, characterised by their botanic taxonomy

Definitions

  • Actinidia chinensis Planch and Actinidia deliciosa (A. Chev). C.F. Liang and A.R. Ferguson are the two most important commercial Actinidia species. Actinidia chinensis is more precocious and productive and the fruit are more attractive in appearance with less pubescence on the fruit skin than A. deliciosa.
  • Kiwifruit plants are dioecious and have vegetative and compound buds with flower clusters produced in the leaf axils of the first four to six nodes of shoots arising from buds on one year old shoots.
  • Male and female flowers are perfect morphologically. The female flower contains some anthers, but only the stigma is functional, whereas the flower on a male vine typically produces 125-185 large anthers that surround a small vestigial stigma. For pollination and fruit set to occur, the female plant must be in close proximity of a male plant whose bloom period occurs at the same time as the female plant's bloom period.
  • ‘AU Gulf Coast Gold’ is a new golden-fleshed cultivar of Actinidia chinensis Planch. It is a bud mutation that occurred on a ‘AU Golden Sunshine’ (U.S. Plant Pat. No. 22,159) plant in a cultivated and maintained orchard to evaluate kiwifruit cultivar performance at Fairhope, Baldwin County, Ala. Based on the genetic marker comparison of ‘AU Golden Sunshine’ (patented) and ‘AU Gulf Coast Gold’, the genetic distinction between these two cultivars is strong (Table 1). Wood from this plant was grafted onto Actinidia deliciosa kiwifruit plants at Clanton, Chilton County, Ala., where it has been grown and evaluated since 1999.
  • ‘AU Gulf Coast Gold’ fruit is large, cylindrical and uniform in shape with golden flesh that has a thick sweet flavor and delicious taste. ‘AU Gulf Coast Gold’ fruit has high percent soluble solids and dry matter typically higher than ‘AU Golden Sunshine’ (patented) and comparable to slightly lower than ‘Hort 16A’ A. chinensis (U.S. Plant Pat. No. 11,066) (Table 2). Dry matter content, a positively correlated indicator of soluble solids content of kiwifruit when allowed to ripen, appears to be closely related to fruit development period, and ‘AU Gulf Coast Gold’ has a longer fruit development period compared to ‘AU Golden Sunshine’ (patented) and a shorter fruit development period compared to ‘Hort 16A’ (patented).
  • ‘AU Gulf Coast Gold’ bloom period begins 1-2 days before ‘AU Golden Sunshine’ (patented), and is completed 2 days before ‘AU Golden Sunshine’ (patented) bloom period (Table 3).
  • the present invention relates to a new and distinct early to mid season ripening yellow fleshed kiwifruit cultivar that produces cylindrical, uniformly shaped fruit with the stylar end rounded to somewhat pointed, and the shape on the stalk end rounded and narrow.
  • Fruit skin color is grey brown (N199B) color with medium density of uniform short lanulose hairs on fruit skin surface (Table 4). At maturity, the fruit surface appears brown due to the lanulose hairs.
  • the new cultivar is able to be asexually reproduced by softwood and hardwood cuttings or by grafting onto a rootstock.
  • the unique characteristics come true to form and are established and transmitted through succeeding asexual propagations.
  • ‘AU Gulf Coast Gold’ has been asexually propagated by rooting softwood and hardwood cuttings, and by whip and cleft grafting in Alabama and California, USA.
  • Kiwifruit plants are dioecious and have vegetative and compound buds with flower clusters produced in the leaf axils of the first four to six nodes.
  • Male and female flowers are perfect morphologically. The female flower contains some anthers but only the stigma is functional whereas the flower on a male vine typically produces 125 to 185 large anthers that surround a small, vestigial stigma.
  • ‘AU Golden Tiger’ U.S. Plant Pat. No. 22,140
  • ‘Chieftain’ unpatented
  • ‘AU Golden Tiger’ (patented) bloom period begins with ‘AU Gulf Coast Gold’
  • ‘Chieftain’ bloom period begins during the latter part of ‘AU Gulf Coast Gold’ bloom period.
  • ‘AU Golden Sunshine’ (patented) For maximum bud break and flowering of ‘AU Golden Sunshine’ (patented) to occur it was determined that 700 hours of chilling was required and after the chilling requirements was met 15000 growing degree hours were necessary for bud break (Wall et al. 2008). ‘AU Gulf Coast Gold’ has similar chilling requirement as ‘AU Golden Sunshine’ (patented). The high growing degree hours requirement results in a late bud break and blooming period that typically occurs after the danger of a late spring frost. ‘AU Gulf Coast Gold’ has performed well in central Alabama where it receives an average winter chilling of 800-1200 hours.
  • FIG. 1 is a photograph of ‘AU Golden Sunshine’ (patented) fruit (on left) and ‘AU Gulf Coast Gold’ fruit (on right).
  • FIG. 2 is a photograph of ‘AU Gulf Coast Gold’ fruit cut in half lengthwise and widthwise to illustrate flesh color.
  • FIG. 3 is a photograph of ‘AU Gulf Coast Gold’ flowers and flower buds on a 16-year old grafted plant.
  • FIG. 4 is photograph of ‘AU Gulf Coast Gold’ flower bud density on 16-year old grafted plant.
  • FIG. 5 is a photograph of ‘AU Gulf Coast Gold’ flowers at different stages of development to illustrate flower bud density on a 16-year old grafted plant.
  • FIG. 6 is a photograph of ‘AU Gulf Coast Gold’ fruit on 16-year old grafted plant.
  • FIG. 7 is a photograph of ‘AU Gulf Coast Gold’ fruit load on vine on a 14-year old grafted plant.
  • FIG. 8 is a photograph of ‘AU Gulf Coast Gold’ fruit on 16-year old grafted plant.
  • Kiwifruit plants are large deciduous shrubs that originated in China and are dioecious, can climb up to 25 feet, and have alternated, broadly rounded petiolate leaves.
  • Actinidia There are over 50 species in the genus Actinidia .
  • the two Actinidia species of the most commercial importance are deliciosa and chinensis .
  • the kiwifruit plant is dioecious thereby requiring male pollenizers in the presence of the female plants to ensure fruit production.
  • the male and female plants bloom period has to be at the same time for pollination to occur.
  • the bloom period varies with each cultivar depending upon the chilling requirement and the growing degree hour requirement after the chilling requirement has been met.
  • Actinidia are temperate zone plants that prefer well-drained moist and rich soil and grows well in full sun or part-shade
  • the new cultivar ‘AU Gulf Coast Gold’ is pistillate, with imperfect flowers, e.g. the flowers produce only sterile pollen and thus require a pollenizer for fruit production.
  • the male cultivars ‘AU Tiger’ (patented) and ‘Chieftain’ (unpatented) are pollenizers used with ‘AU Gulf Coast Gold’.
  • the bloom period of ‘AU Gulf Coast Gold’ starts about April 18 th in central Alabama, typically ⁇ 2 days before the ‘AU Golden Sunshine’ (patented) bloom period.
  • the new cultivar can be asexually reproduced by softwood and hardwood cuttings or by grafting onto a seedling or cutting grown rootstock. The unique characteristics come true to form and are established and transmitted through succeeding asexual propagations.
  • ‘AU Gulf Coast Gold’ is a bud mutation that occurred on a ‘AU Golden Sunshine’ (U.S. Plant Pat. No. 22,159) plant in a kiwifruit cultivar evaluation planting at Fairhope, Baldwin County, Ala. Based on the genetic marker comparison of ‘AU Golden Sunshine’ (patented) and ‘AU Gulf Coast Gold’, the genetic distinction between these two cultivars is strong (Table 1).
  • ‘AU Gulf Coast Gold’ fruit has high percent soluble solids and dry matter typically higher than ‘AU Golden Sunshine’ (patented) and comparable to slightly lower than ‘Hort 16A’ A. chinensis (U.S. Plant Pat. No. 11,066) (Table 2).
  • ‘AU Gulf Coast Gold’ bloom period begins 1-2 days before ‘AU Golden Sunshine’ (patented), and is completed 2 days before ‘AU Golden Sunshine’ (patented) bloom period (Table 3).
  • Horticulture terminology is used in accordance with revised UPOV guidelines for kiwi.
  • the numbers in brackets, e.g., after any reported number is the number of total measurements made.
  • the number in parentheses e.g., ( ) is the range of the measurement.

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  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Physiology (AREA)
  • Botany (AREA)
  • Developmental Biology & Embryology (AREA)
  • Environmental Sciences (AREA)
  • Breeding Of Plants And Reproduction By Means Of Culturing (AREA)

Abstract

‘AU Gulf Coast Gold’ is a new golden-fleshed cultivar of Actinidia chinensis Planch with a low chilling requirement. ‘AU Gulf Coast Gold’ fruit is large, cylindrical and uniform in shape with yellow flesh that has a thick sweet flavor and delicious taste. ‘AU Gulf Coast Gold’ fruit has a high percent soluble solids and dry matter content. Vegetative bud burst begins in late March to early April and flowering begins on average April 18-20 in central Alabama. Fruit typically reaches maturity September 21-25 in central Alabama with an internal color hue of less than 103°.

Description

Latin name of the genus and species of the plant claimed: Actinidia chinensis Planch.
Variety denomination: ‘AU GULF COAST GOLD’.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The genus Actinidia is native to China and is comprised of more than 50 species. Actinidia chinensis Planch and Actinidia deliciosa (A. Chev). C.F. Liang and A.R. Ferguson are the two most important commercial Actinidia species. Actinidia chinensis is more precocious and productive and the fruit are more attractive in appearance with less pubescence on the fruit skin than A. deliciosa.
Kiwifruit plants are dioecious and have vegetative and compound buds with flower clusters produced in the leaf axils of the first four to six nodes of shoots arising from buds on one year old shoots. Male and female flowers are perfect morphologically. The female flower contains some anthers, but only the stigma is functional, whereas the flower on a male vine typically produces 125-185 large anthers that surround a small vestigial stigma. For pollination and fruit set to occur, the female plant must be in close proximity of a male plant whose bloom period occurs at the same time as the female plant's bloom period.
‘AU Gulf Coast Gold’ is a new golden-fleshed cultivar of Actinidia chinensis Planch. It is a bud mutation that occurred on a ‘AU Golden Sunshine’ (U.S. Plant Pat. No. 22,159) plant in a cultivated and maintained orchard to evaluate kiwifruit cultivar performance at Fairhope, Baldwin County, Ala. Based on the genetic marker comparison of ‘AU Golden Sunshine’ (patented) and ‘AU Gulf Coast Gold’, the genetic distinction between these two cultivars is strong (Table 1). Wood from this plant was grafted onto Actinidia deliciosa kiwifruit plants at Clanton, Chilton County, Ala., where it has been grown and evaluated since 1999. ‘AU Gulf Coast Gold’ has been asexually reproduced at Auburn, Clanton and Reeltown, Ala. and Marysville and Reedly, Calif., USA by rooting softwood and hardwood cuttings, by whip and cleft grafting and tissue culture. Genetics have been stable through succeeding asexual propagation.
‘AU Gulf Coast Gold’ fruit is large, cylindrical and uniform in shape with golden flesh that has a thick sweet flavor and delicious taste. ‘AU Gulf Coast Gold’ fruit has high percent soluble solids and dry matter typically higher than ‘AU Golden Sunshine’ (patented) and comparable to slightly lower than ‘Hort 16A’ A. chinensis (U.S. Plant Pat. No. 11,066) (Table 2). Dry matter content, a positively correlated indicator of soluble solids content of kiwifruit when allowed to ripen, appears to be closely related to fruit development period, and ‘AU Gulf Coast Gold’ has a longer fruit development period compared to ‘AU Golden Sunshine’ (patented) and a shorter fruit development period compared to ‘Hort 16A’ (patented). Increasing dry matter content has been shown to increase purchase likelihood for kiwifruit (Jaeger et al., 2011). ‘AU Gulf Coast Gold’ bloom period begins 1-2 days before ‘AU Golden Sunshine’ (patented), and is completed 2 days before ‘AU Golden Sunshine’ (patented) bloom period (Table 3).
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a new and distinct early to mid season ripening yellow fleshed kiwifruit cultivar that produces cylindrical, uniformly shaped fruit with the stylar end rounded to somewhat pointed, and the shape on the stalk end rounded and narrow. Fruit skin color is grey brown (N199B) color with medium density of uniform short lanulose hairs on fruit skin surface (Table 4). At maturity, the fruit surface appears brown due to the lanulose hairs.
The new cultivar is able to be asexually reproduced by softwood and hardwood cuttings or by grafting onto a rootstock. The unique characteristics come true to form and are established and transmitted through succeeding asexual propagations. ‘AU Gulf Coast Gold’ has been asexually propagated by rooting softwood and hardwood cuttings, and by whip and cleft grafting in Alabama and California, USA.
Kiwifruit plants are dioecious and have vegetative and compound buds with flower clusters produced in the leaf axils of the first four to six nodes. Male and female flowers are perfect morphologically. The female flower contains some anthers but only the stigma is functional whereas the flower on a male vine typically produces 125 to 185 large anthers that surround a small, vestigial stigma. In Alabama, ‘AU Golden Tiger’ (U.S. Plant Pat. No. 22,140) and ‘Chieftain’ (unpatented) are the male cultivars used as pollinizers. ‘AU Golden Tiger’ (patented) bloom period begins with ‘AU Gulf Coast Gold’, and ‘Chieftain’ bloom period begins during the latter part of ‘AU Gulf Coast Gold’ bloom period.
Kiwifruit buds enter endodormancy during winter, which requires a minimum number of chilling hours for maximum budbreak and bloom. Floral uniformity and density in spring is directly related to the amount of chilling received during winter. It is believed the more accurate measure of chilling hours is Richardson units, which are defined as the accumulated hours between 0° C. and 7° C.
For maximum bud break and flowering of ‘AU Golden Sunshine’ (patented) to occur it was determined that 700 hours of chilling was required and after the chilling requirements was met 15000 growing degree hours were necessary for bud break (Wall et al. 2008). ‘AU Gulf Coast Gold’ has similar chilling requirement as ‘AU Golden Sunshine’ (patented). The high growing degree hours requirement results in a late bud break and blooming period that typically occurs after the danger of a late spring frost. ‘AU Gulf Coast Gold’ has performed well in central Alabama where it receives an average winter chilling of 800-1200 hours.
In central Alabama, ‘AU Gulf Coast Gold’ flowers begin to open ˜2 days before ‘AU Golden Sunshine’ (patented) and its fruit ripens several weeks after ‘AU Golden Sunshine’ in the fall. ‘AU Gulf Coast Gold’ reaches harvest maturity 21-30 days after ‘AU Golden Sunshine’ (patented) (Table 2). ‘AU Gulf Coast Gold’ has a cylindrical fruit shape, as does ‘AU Golden Sunshine’ (patented). However, the stylar end is rounded to somewhat pointed in comparison to the rounded stylar end of ‘AU Golden Sunshine’ (patented). The shape of the shoulder on the stalk end of ‘AU Gulf Coast Gold’ is rounded and narrow in comparison to the rounded to flat shoulder on the stalk end of ‘AU Golden Sunshine’ (patented).
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
FIG. 1 is a photograph of ‘AU Golden Sunshine’ (patented) fruit (on left) and ‘AU Gulf Coast Gold’ fruit (on right).
FIG. 2 is a photograph of ‘AU Gulf Coast Gold’ fruit cut in half lengthwise and widthwise to illustrate flesh color.
FIG. 3 is a photograph of ‘AU Gulf Coast Gold’ flowers and flower buds on a 16-year old grafted plant.
FIG. 4 is photograph of ‘AU Gulf Coast Gold’ flower bud density on 16-year old grafted plant.
FIG. 5 is a photograph of ‘AU Gulf Coast Gold’ flowers at different stages of development to illustrate flower bud density on a 16-year old grafted plant.
FIG. 6 is a photograph of ‘AU Gulf Coast Gold’ fruit on 16-year old grafted plant.
FIG. 7 is a photograph of ‘AU Gulf Coast Gold’ fruit load on vine on a 14-year old grafted plant.
FIG. 8 is a photograph of ‘AU Gulf Coast Gold’ fruit on 16-year old grafted plant.
 DETAILED BOTANICAL DESCRIPTION
Kiwifruit plants are large deciduous shrubs that originated in China and are dioecious, can climb up to 25 feet, and have alternated, broadly rounded petiolate leaves. The cream-colored flowers that grow in axillary cymes mature into ovate to oblong fruits (berries) with brownish, hairy skins. There are over 50 species in the genus Actinidia. The two Actinidia species of the most commercial importance are deliciosa and chinensis. The kiwifruit plant is dioecious thereby requiring male pollenizers in the presence of the female plants to ensure fruit production. The male and female plants bloom period has to be at the same time for pollination to occur. The bloom period varies with each cultivar depending upon the chilling requirement and the growing degree hour requirement after the chilling requirement has been met. Actinidia are temperate zone plants that prefer well-drained moist and rich soil and grows well in full sun or part-shade.
The new cultivar ‘AU Gulf Coast Gold’ is pistillate, with imperfect flowers, e.g. the flowers produce only sterile pollen and thus require a pollenizer for fruit production. The male cultivars ‘AU Tiger’ (patented) and ‘Chieftain’ (unpatented) are pollenizers used with ‘AU Gulf Coast Gold’. The bloom period of ‘AU Gulf Coast Gold’ starts about April 18th in central Alabama, typically ˜2 days before the ‘AU Golden Sunshine’ (patented) bloom period.
The new cultivar can be asexually reproduced by softwood and hardwood cuttings or by grafting onto a seedling or cutting grown rootstock. The unique characteristics come true to form and are established and transmitted through succeeding asexual propagations.
‘AU Gulf Coast Gold’ is a bud mutation that occurred on a ‘AU Golden Sunshine’ (U.S. Plant Pat. No. 22,159) plant in a kiwifruit cultivar evaluation planting at Fairhope, Baldwin County, Ala. Based on the genetic marker comparison of ‘AU Golden Sunshine’ (patented) and ‘AU Gulf Coast Gold’, the genetic distinction between these two cultivars is strong (Table 1).
TABLE 1
Genetic marker comparison of ‘AU Golden
Sunshine’ (patented) and ‘AU Gulf Coast Gold’z.
Variety 554y 559x 565w 566v
AU Golden 142,152 u, 131, 163 95,107 84,86,88,102
Sunshine 162, 164
AU Gulf Coast 150,152, 131, 163,172 88,93,95,98 84,88,92,100
Gold 162, 164
zDNA was extracted from leaf tissue. PCR was performed by using 4 SSR (microsatellite) markers. Capillary electrophoresis was performed using ABI3100 Genetic Analyzer. Data was analyzed using GeneScan and Genotyper.
yMarker 554 - UDK96-026
xMarker 559 - UDK96-037
wMarker 565 - UDK97-406
vMarker 407 - UDK97407
uCommon alleles in bold type for both varieties.
‘AU Gulf Coast Gold’ fruit has high percent soluble solids and dry matter typically higher than ‘AU Golden Sunshine’ (patented) and comparable to slightly lower than ‘Hort 16A’ A. chinensis (U.S. Plant Pat. No. 11,066) (Table 2).
TABLE 2
Harvest datez and fruit qualityy attributes at harvest of three
Actinidia chinensis Planch. var. chinensis cultivars grown
in central Alabama.
2014 2015 Soluble Dry Internal
Harvest Harvest Firmness Solids Matter Color
Cultivar Date Date (kg) (%) (%) (hue°)
‘AU Golden Sept. 4 Aug. 25 5.5 ± 1.8 8.2 ± 17.9 ± 103.1 ±
Sunshine’ 2.3 0.012 2.5
‘AU Gulf Sept. 25 Sept. 21 4.6 ± 0.9 8.4 ± 21.2 ± 102.9 ±
Coast Gold’ 0.8 0.007 2.7
‘HORT 16A’ Oct. 9 Oct. 19 5.2 ± 1.0 12.9 ± 22.2 ± 103.6 ±
3.0 0.007 2.9
zHarvest date for each cultivar was based primarily on an internal color of <104 hue°.
yMeans derived from 10 fruit/year at specified harvest date.
‘AU Gulf Coast Gold’ bloom period begins 1-2 days before ‘AU Golden Sunshine’ (patented), and is completed 2 days before ‘AU Golden Sunshine’ (patented) bloom period (Table 3).
TABLE 3
Flower development of ‘AU Golden Sunshine’ (patented) and
‘AU Gulf Coast Gold’ in 2009, 2010, and 2016.
2009
Cultivar Apr. 17 Apr. 20 Apr. 24 Apr. 27 Apr. 29 May 1
AU Golden Bud Popcorn 10-30% Full 10-40% Petal
Sunshine swell Stage Bloom Bloom Petal Fall Fall
AU Gulf Buds Popcorn 20-50% Full 60-80% Petal
Coast Gold Cracking Stage Bloom Bloom Petal Fall Fall
2010
Apr. 21 Apr. 23 Apr. 26 Apr. 28 Apr. 30 May 3
AU Golden Bud Popcorn 80% 90% Full Petal
Sunshine swell Stage Bloom Bloom Bloom Fall
AU Gulf Popcorn 50% 70-100% Full Some Petal
Coast Gold Stage Bloom Bloom Bloom Petal Fall
Fall
2016
Apr. 17 Apr. 21 Apr. 25 Apr. 27
AU Golden Popcorn 30-40% 80% Bloom Petal Fall
Sunshine Stage Bloom
AU Gulf 10-% 40-50% Full Bloom Petal Fall
Coast Gold Bloom Bloom
The average plant height and spread for ‘Au Gulf Coast Gold’ was limited by pruning the plants and training them to a limited space of 8′×16′ on top of trellis. The remaining botanical information is provided below in Table 4.
TABLE 4
Botanical description of ‘AU Gulf Coast Gold’ and
comparison to ‘AU Golden Sunshine’
‘Gulf Coast Gold’ ‘Golden Sunshine’
PLANT
Plant hardiness Has performed well in
zones 8A & 8B
Plant: sex expression female (flower imperfect)
Plant: ploidy diploid (2n = 2x = 58)
Plant: vigor strong
Young shoot: hairs present
Young shoot: density medium
of hairs
Young shoot: type of hairs short
Young shoot: anthocyanin absent (stem color -
coloration of growing tip 152B)
Young shoot: anthocyanin absent (stem color -
coloration of leaf axil 152B)
Insect pest susceptibility White peach scale
(Pseudaulacas
pispentagona
Targioni)
leaffooted bug
(Leptoglossus
phyllopus Linnaeus)
Diseases None observed
STEM
Stem: coloration of Grey-brown, N199A
leaf axil
Stem: diameter medium
Stem base diamenter mean 12.9 mm
(range 9.5-18.3 mm)
[20]
Stem mid section mean 9.9 mm (range 7.4-
diameter (range 7.3-12.7) [20] 12.5 mm)
Stem: dormant bud 4.3 mm (2.4-6.0) [20] 4.2 mm (2.5-6.1)
diameter
Stem: color on upper side Grey-brown (N199B) grey-brown
of shoot (N199A)
Stem: character of bark smooth
Stem: hairs few
Stem: conspicuous- weak
ness of lenticels
Stem: number of lenticels few
Stem: color of lenticels greyed-orange (N-167A) brownish-white
Stem: size of bud support large
Stem: visibility of bud visible
(dormant canes)
Stern: number of hairs high
visible on bud
(dormant canes)
Stem: leaf scar mean length 6.1 mm mean length 5.5
(5.8-7.2 mm) mm (4.7-5.9 mm)
mean width 5.6 mm mean width 5.7
(5-6.5 mm) mm (5-6.3 mm)
LEAF (Mature)
Leaf shape: orbicular to broadly broadly cordate
ovate: as broad as to orbicular
long, occasionally
broader than long
Leaf base shape: round to cordate, with rounded to cordate;
lobes touching to lobes not
occasionally over- overlapping
lapping; rarely broadly
Leaf tip shape: rounded, usually with broadly obtuse
acute to acuminate tip, with cuspidate
rarely with 3 broad, tip
shallow lobes
Leaf margin: entire
Leaf adaxial surface: yellow green, dull medium to dark
(147A); glabrous green (147A);
except for minute glabrous except
hairs along midvein for sparse un-
branched hairs
along veins
Leaf abaxial surface: yellow green (147B); light green (147B);
densely stellate pub- dense, stellate
escent except on mid- pubescence every-
vein which has minute, where except along
reddish-brown, crinkled main veins
non-branching hairs which are densely
tomentose
tomentose with
unbranched hairs
Leaf length (cm): 22.6 (18.0-28.5) [20] 20.1 (16.8-24.1)
Leaf width (cm): 12.7 (10.2-17.5) [20] 15.3 (13.1-18.2)
Leaf ratio (l/w): 1.8 (1.3-2.5) [20] 1.3 (1.2-1.5)
Leaf petiole length (cm): 10.7 (6.6-15.4) [20] 6.4 (5-8.7)
Leaf 1° vein organization: pinnate; veins pinnate; veins
terminating as a small terminating as
points extended beyond small extended
the blade (minutely points or mucros
apiculate), to 1.2 mm at leaf margins
in length
Leaf 2° vein organization: ± parallel
Leaf puckering: medium weak
Leaf variegation none
Leaf spines on lower leaf none
Leaf surface none
Leaf petiole none
Young shoot hairs present
Young shoot::density medium
of hairs
Young shoot::type short
of hairs
Young shoot::antho- absent
cyanin color
FLOWER
Inflorescence type dichasium
Inflorescence #: mean 1.6 (range 1-3) mean 2.2
[20] (range 1-3) [32]
1° Pedicel length (cm): mean 2.8 3.7(2.5-4.6) [16]
(range 1.8-3.9) [20]
2° Pedicel length (cm): mean 1.5 1.8 (1.4-2.1) [14]
(range 1.2-2.1) [20]
Pedicel pubescence: minutely short, dense, minutely, densely
unbranched tomentose;
Sepal #: mean 6.1 unbranched 5.7
(range 5.0-7.0) [20] (5-8) [26]
Sepal color: yellow green (147A) gray-green to
to greyed orange slightly rust-
(166C) along margin colored at margins
Sepal pubescence: dense, minutely minutely, densely
tomentose with rusty tomentose,
brown crinkled hairs unbranched
Flower per infloresence mean 3.4
(range 3-5) [20]
Flower color: creamy white (155D)
Flower width (cm): mean 4.2 (range 1.6-4.8) 5.0 (4.8-5.8) [14]
Petal orientation: overlapping distinct to
overlapping
Petal # mean 6.2 6.4 (5-9) [17]
(range 5.0-8.0) [20]
Petal length (cm): mean 2.0 2.1 (1.7-2.5) [2]
(range 1.8-2.4) [20]
Petal width (cm): mean 1.7 1.6 (1.4-2.1) [20]
(range 1.3-2.0) [20]
Petal ratio (l/w): mean 1.2 1.3 (1.0-1.6)[20]
(range 1.0-1.4) [20]
Ovary shape: globose
Ovary pubescence: white, densely lanose, minutely, densely
thicker toward apex pilose;
unbranched
Style #: mean 24.4 20 (17-22)
(range 19-31)[20]
Style orientation: spreading to upright upright to
spreading
Stamen #: mean 40.9 85.4 (80-96)
(range 36-49) [20]
Anther length (mm): mean 3.3 3.0-4.0
(range 2.5-3.6) [20]
Chilling requirement hrs: 700
FRUIT
Fruit: average size (g) 96.8 90.4
(47.7-149.6) (47.9-147.0
Fruit: length (mm) 71.5 66.8
(52.1-82.0) (51.9-80.3)
Fruit: width (max) (mm) 48.3 48.4
(38.4-62.8)
Fruit: L/A ratio 1.48 1.38
(max width)
Fruit: width (min) (mm) 45.1 44.7
(34.2-50.1) (37.3-51.8)
Fruit: LID ratio 1.59 1.49
(min width)
Fruit: core diameter 14.1 14.3
(max) (mm) (3.1-20.5) (3.2-21.7)
Fruit: core diameter 5.1 5.6
(max) (mm) (2.3-11.5) (2.7-12.7)
Fruit: locule number 36.1 36.8
(30-40) (31-40)
Fruit: peduncle length 27.1 28.7
(mm) (19.7-31.7) (21.6-34.2)
Fruit: peduncle 2.32 1.7
width (mm) (1.8-2.7) (1.2-2.6)
Fruit: general shape cylindrical
Fruit: cross-section at round to rarely slightly round
median compressed
Fruit: general shape of rounded to somewhat rounded
stylar end pointed
Fruit: shape of shoulder rounded, narrow rounded, flat
on stalk end
Fruit: skin color at grey-brown dark side brown
harvest N199B, light side
N199D
Fruit: skin color change grey-brown, dark side absent
during ripening N199B, light side
N199D
Fruit: skin color at grey-brown (N199A) brown
maturity for
consumption
Fruit: hairs present
Fruit: density of hairs medium light
Fruit: type of hairs lanulose (minutely tomentose
wooly)
Fruit: hair length (mm) short (to 1.0 mm) short (0.05-0.15)
Fruit: concentration uniform to slightly con- uniform
of hairs centrated distally
Fruit: adherence of hairs strong weak
to skin (when rubbed)
Fruit: core diameter 10 mm (short diameter = large (10.0 mm by
(at largest diameter) 4.5 mm) 3.4 mm)
Fruit core shape (in round to elliptical elliptical
cross-section)
Fruit: core woody spike present
Fruit: prominence of core medium
woody spike
Fruit: outer pericarp yellow green (153C) yellow-green
color at maturity for (152C-152D)
consumption
Fruit: inner pericarp color yellow green yellow-green
(locules) at maturity for (153C to 153D) (148A)
consumption
Fruit: core color at greyed yellow (160C)
maturity
Fruit: seed color at N200A, dark brown brown (165C)
maturity in flesh
Fruit: seed color when dry greyed orange 165A
Fruit sweetness high
Fruit acidity medium
Storage: successfully stored for
4 months at 33° F.
Color Chart RHS Colour
Chart: The Royal
Horticulture Society,
London 2001
Outer Pericarp 153C
Inner Pericarp 153D
Fruit Core at Harvest 160C
Seed Color (in flesh) 200A
Seed Color (dry seed) 165A
Fruit skin at maturity N199A
Leaf Color:
Mature leaf after
petal fall
Upper side of leaf 147A
Lower side of leaf 147B
Flower petals:
Main body of petal 155D
Plant stem:
Exposed side N199A
Notes regarding Table 4:
1. Horticulture terminology is used in accordance with revised UPOV guidelines for kiwi.
2. Characters of comparison cultivar ‘AU Golden Sunshine’ are noted opposite that character when significantly different.
3. ‘AU Golden Sunshine’ plants were observed in the same experimental planting as the new cultivar.
4. All dimensions are in millimeters unless otherwise stated; weights are in grams.
5. The R.H.S. 2001 Color Chart used to determine actual color.
6. The numbers in brackets, e.g., after any reported number is the number of total measurements made. The number in parentheses e.g., ( ) is the range of the measurement.
LITERATURE CITED
Huang, H., S. Wang, Z. Zhang, and J. Gong. 2003. Exploration of Actinidia genetic resources and development of kiwifruit industry in China. Acta Hort 610:29-43.
Jaeger, S. R., R. Harker, C. M. Triggs, A. Gunson, R. L. Campbell, R. Jackman and C. Requejo-Jackman. 2011. Determining consumer purchase intentions: The importance of dry matter, size and price of kiwifruit. J. Food Sci. 76(3):177-184.
Jiang, Z., S. Wang, R. Huang, Z. Zhang, and H. Huang. 2005. ‘Wuzhi No3’ kiwifruit. HortScience 40(6):1923-1924.
Patterson, K., J. Burdon and N. Lallu. 2003. ‘Hort 16A’ kiwifruit: Progress and issues with commercialization. Acta Hort. 610:267-273.
Ramnoguilhem, M. And J. L. Tailleur. 2005. Kiwi, p. 185-207. In: J. M. Lespinasse and E. Leterme (eds.). Growing Fruit Trees. W.W. Norton & Company, New York, USA.
Sale, P. R. 1983. Kiwifruit culture. Govt. Printing Office, Wellington, New Zealand. pp. 95.
Wall, C., W. A. Dozier, Jr., R. C. Ebel, B. S. Wilkins, F. M. Woods, and W. G. Foshee III. 2008. Vegetative and floral chilling requirements of four new kiwi cultivars of Actinidia chinensis and A. deliciosa. HortScience 43(3):644-647.
Wang, M. Y., E. MacRae, M. Wohlers and K. Marsh. 2011. Changes in volatile production and sensory quality of kiwifruit during fruit maturation in Actinidia deliciosa ‘Hayward’ and A. chinensis ‘Hort 16A’. Postharvest Biol. and Technol. 59:16-24.

Claims (1)

We claim:
1. A new and distinct variety of Actinidia chinensis Planch plant named ‘AU Gulf Coast Gold’ substantially as described and illustrated herein.
US15/330,677 2016-10-26 2016-10-26 Kiwi plant named ‘AU Gulf Coast Gold’ Active USPP29587P2 (en)

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Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
USPP11066P (en) 1997-12-23 1999-09-21 Lowe; Russell G Kiwi plant named `Hort16A`
USPP20994P2 (en) 2008-04-30 2010-05-11 Auburn University Kiwi plant named ‘AU Authur’
USPP21005P2 (en) 2008-04-30 2010-05-25 Auburn University Kiwi plant named ‘AU Fitzgerald’
USPP22140P2 (en) 2010-02-23 2011-09-13 Auburn University Kiwi plant named ‘Au Golden Tiger’
USPP22159P3 (en) 2010-02-23 2011-09-27 Auburn University Kiwi plant named ‘AU Golden Sunshine’
USPP22191P2 (en) 2010-02-23 2011-10-11 Auburn University Kiwi plant named ‘AU Golden Dragon’

Patent Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
USPP11066P (en) 1997-12-23 1999-09-21 Lowe; Russell G Kiwi plant named `Hort16A`
USPP20994P2 (en) 2008-04-30 2010-05-11 Auburn University Kiwi plant named ‘AU Authur’
USPP21005P2 (en) 2008-04-30 2010-05-25 Auburn University Kiwi plant named ‘AU Fitzgerald’
USPP22140P2 (en) 2010-02-23 2011-09-13 Auburn University Kiwi plant named ‘Au Golden Tiger’
USPP22159P3 (en) 2010-02-23 2011-09-27 Auburn University Kiwi plant named ‘AU Golden Sunshine’
USPP22191P2 (en) 2010-02-23 2011-10-11 Auburn University Kiwi plant named ‘AU Golden Dragon’

Non-Patent Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
Huang, H., S. Wang, Z. Zhang, and J. Gong. 2003. Exploration of Actinidia genetic resources and development of ciwifruit industry in China. Acta Hort 610:29-43.
Jaeger, S.R., R. Harker, C.M. Triggs, A. Gunson, R.L. Campbell, R. Jackman and C. Requejo-Jackman. 2011. Determining consumer purchase intentions: The importance of dry matter, size and price of kiwifruit. J. Food Sci. 76 (3):177-184.
Jiang, Z, S. Wang, R. Huang, Z. Zhang, and H. Huang. 2005. ‘Wuzhi No3’ kiwifruit. HortScience 40(6):1923-1924.
Patterson, K., J. Burdon and N. Lallu. 2003 ‘Hort 16A’ kiwifruit: Progress and issues with commercialization. Acta Hort. 610:267-273.
Wall et al., "Determining a Maturity Index and the Effect of Chilling Requirements, and Cytokinin Applications on Three few Kiwi Cultivars," Thesis—Degree of Master of Science, Auburn University, Aug. 2006, 87 pages.
Wall et al., "Vegetative and Floral Chilling Requirement of Four New Kiwi Cultivars of Actinidia chinensis and A. deliciosa," (Hort Science 43(3):644-647, Jun. 2008.
Wang, M.Y., E. MacRae, M. Wohlers and K. Marsh. 2011. Changes in volatile production and sensory quality of kiwifruit during fruit maturation in Actinidia deliciosa ‘Hayward’ and A. chinensis ‘Hort 16A’. Postharvest Biol. and Technol. 59:16-24.

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