US995803A - Explosive-gas turbine. - Google Patents

Description

A. PAT SOHKE.

EXPLOSIVE GAS TURBINE. APPLICATION FILED SEPT. 22, 1910. 995,803., Patented June 20, 1911.

2 SHEETS-SHEET 1.

A. PATSGHKE. EXPLOSIVEGAS TURBINE. APPLIUATION FILED SEPT. 22, 1910.

Patented June 20, 191 1.

2 SHEETS-SHEET 2.

MM (Fa/60M UNITED STATES ARTHUR PATSCHKE, OF BERLIN-WILMEBSDOBE;

; nxrLosw E-eas TURBINE.

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, ARTHUR PATSCHKE, a citizen of Germany, residing at Berlin- Wilmersdorf, Germany, have invented new and useful Improvements in Explosive-Gas Turbines, of which the following is a specilarly novel means for preventing an excessive heating of the rotor blades without impairing the efiiciency of the turbine, and for reducing the detrimental efiects of gas leak-- age to a minimum. v In the accompanying drawing: Figure 1 is a radial section partly in side View. of a gas turbine embodying my invention Fig. 2- a cross section through part of the turbine, taken on line 00%, Fig. l; and Fig. 3 a side elevation of part of the turbine, showing the valves in section.

The turbine comprises essentially a high pressure turbine wheel or rotor L that is contained within a housing T, the latter being provided with suitable cooling or refrigerating jackets N, O, Q, R. Rotor L is provided with a plurality of concentric flanges L slotted as at L so as to form turbine blades L Flanges L diminish gradually in height as indicated in Fig; 1 and alternate with stationary rings M extending inwardly from housing T, said rings being provided with inclined ducts or nozzles M. I a

V In proximity to the wheel hub, housing T is provided with inlets A, B for the explosive charge and outlets D, E, for the gases of combustion which inlets and outlets are controlled by valves F, G and J, K respectively. At its circumference, housing T is provided with inclined ducts or nozzles S which open into an explosion chamber C the outlet of which is controlled by a valve H. The above valves areshown to be operated from the turbine shaft/W through worm s, worm wheel 8 and intergeared shafts W W W that carry cams or-tappets N N, N respectively. These tappets are adapted to open valves G, H, F while suitable springs f encircling the valve stems are adapted to close. said valves upon a receding movement of the tappets. Valves J and- K are held in their closed positions by springs f, which, however, permit an automatic opening of the valves upon the return of the exploded charge, said valves constituting an exhaust therefor, as will hereinafter be more fully described.-

Owing to the rotation of wheel L, which may be started in any manner desired, the explosive charge is drawn into casing T through open inlets A, B while the residues of the previous explosion are discharged through open outlet H. As wheel L rotates in the direction of the arrow (Fig. 2) theexplosive charge will be driven through the inclined nozzles M- of rings M in the direction of arrows p, and will gather in explosion chamber C after valve H has been closed. During this process, the velocity and pressure of the gas mixture will gradually increase as it travels from step to step toward the periphery of the rotor, so that the mixture after passing nozzles S will finally flow into explosion chamber 0 where it will attain its maximal pressure. This compression of the charge previous to its ignition is more particularly due to the fact that said charge enters first the alined innermost flangesL of rotor L to be here sub- Specificationof Letters Patent. Patented June. 20, 1911. Application filed September 22, 1910. Serial No. 583,181.

je'cted to centrifugal action, which will force the charge backward and outward (in the direction of arrows p) through the inclined slots M of rings M, so that the blades L of the next flanges L wil exercise an elastic beating action on said charge. This repeated impinging or beating action is gradually increased while the charge is flowing through succeeding flanges and rings, the cells of which gradually decrease with the increasing speed and pressure of the charge. As furthermore any gas leaking through the slots between flanges and rings is so directed bythe inclined ducts M that it assists in propelling wheel L, theefficiency of the turbine is considerably augmented. The explosive charge thus compressed is exploded within chamber C by any suitable electric ignition device U after the valves F, G, have been closed by springs f. By this explosion a pressure .is created which considerably exceeds the'previously existing pressure of the compressed charge. Thus if for instance the latter amounts to approximately ploded charge amounts to :about' l2tto 18 atmospheres. Consequently the over-presthe explosive charge prior to its ignition. After the overpressure in chamber C has thus been spent, valve H is automatically opened whereupon the cycle of operation is repepfed. The remaining pressure of the expl ded charge which'corresponds approximately to the pressure of the compressed charge before ignition, is utilized for pro pelling a low-pressure turbine W.

It is obvious that in lieu of coupling one high-pressure turbine wheel to a low pressure turbine as illustrated in the drawing, several high pressure. wheels may be coupled toa single low pressure wheel, without de parting from the spirit of my invention.

.After .an explosion has taken place in chamber C, Wheel L will continue to rotate owing to its momentum, in which movement it is assisted by the low pressure turbine W. During this period the residues of explosion are also discharged through valve H into turbine W until finally valves J, K are automatically closed by the'v'acuum generated within the high pressureturbine.

The charge explodes partly within inclined ducts S and thus transforms here part of its caloric energy into kinetic energy, so that'any overheating of the turbine blades js prevented. 7

It is obvious that the above described new cameos features of construction may also be embodied in an axial turbine or in a combined radial and axial turbine. So also one of the valves F and G maybe employed for admit ting gas while the other valve may be used for admitting the necessary air ofcombustion, so that both ingredients may be mixed in the turbines I claim:

.9. 1. A gas turbine comprising a housin inclosed high-pressure rotor having bfiides that are adapted, to convey an ex losive charge to an explosion chamberian to simultaneously compress said charge, means ;for igniting the compressed charge, and 'means for returning the exploded charge to the blades thereby rotating said rot-or in the same direction in whichit is rotated for conveying and compressing the explosive charge.

2. A gas turbine'comprising a housing, an inclosed high-pressure rotor having blades that are adapted to convey an explosive charge to an explosion chamber and to simultaneously compress said charge, means for igniting the compressed charge, means for returning part of the exploded charge to the blades thereby rotating said rotor in the same direction in which it is'rotated for conveying and compressing the explosive charge, a low pressure turbine, and means for conveying the remainder of the exploded charge to the low pressure turbine.

ARTHUR PATSCHKE.

Witnesses HENRY HASPER, WOLDEMAR HAUPT.

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