US9701661B2 - 2-imidazolyl-pyrimidine scaffolds as potent and selective inhibitors of neuronal nitric oxide synthase - Google Patents
2-imidazolyl-pyrimidine scaffolds as potent and selective inhibitors of neuronal nitric oxide synthase Download PDFInfo
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D403/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, not provided for by group C07D401/00
- C07D403/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, not provided for by group C07D401/00 containing two hetero rings
- C07D403/04—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, not provided for by group C07D401/00 containing two hetero rings directly linked by a ring-member-to-ring-member bond
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
- A61K31/33—Heterocyclic compounds
- A61K31/395—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins
- A61K31/495—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having six-membered rings with two or more nitrogen atoms as the only ring heteroatoms, e.g. piperazine or tetrazines
- A61K31/505—Pyrimidines; Hydrogenated pyrimidines, e.g. trimethoprim
- A61K31/506—Pyrimidines; Hydrogenated pyrimidines, e.g. trimethoprim not condensed and containing further heterocyclic rings
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P25/00—Drugs for disorders of the nervous system
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P25/00—Drugs for disorders of the nervous system
- A61P25/28—Drugs for disorders of the nervous system for treating neurodegenerative disorders of the central nervous system, e.g. nootropic agents, cognition enhancers, drugs for treating Alzheimer's disease or other forms of dementia
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D401/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, at least one ring being a six-membered ring with only one nitrogen atom
- C07D401/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, at least one ring being a six-membered ring with only one nitrogen atom containing two hetero rings
- C07D401/04—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, at least one ring being a six-membered ring with only one nitrogen atom containing two hetero rings directly linked by a ring-member-to-ring-member bond
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D401/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, at least one ring being a six-membered ring with only one nitrogen atom
- C07D401/14—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, at least one ring being a six-membered ring with only one nitrogen atom containing three or more hetero rings
Definitions
- Nitric oxide is a cell signaling molecule that acts as a neurotransmitter in the human brain.
- various disease states can result. For instance, high levels of NO contribute to the damage of brain tissue, protein aggregation and degradation of the sort associated with various neurodegenerative disease states including but not limited to Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, Huntington's disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), cerebral palsy and stroke/ischemic brain damage.
- nNOS neuronal nitric oxide synthase
- neurodegeneration can be attenuated or prevented.
- nNOS blood-brain barrier
- iNOS inducible NOS
- eNOS endothelial NOS
- the present invention can be directed to compounds of formula
- Ar can be selected from optionally-substituted aryl and heteroaryl moieties, where such substituents can be selected from halo, alkyl, haloalkyl, cyano and amino substituents;
- L 1 can be selected from optionally-substituted divalent C 1 -C 4 alkylene moieties, where such substituents can be selected from halo, alkyl and divalent methylene substituents;
- R 1 can be selected from H, alkyl and divalent alkylene substituents;
- L 2 can be selected from optionally-substituted divalent C 1 -C 3 alkylene moieties, where such substituents can be selected from halo, aza (—NH—) and substituted aza (—NR 2 ) moieties, where R 2 can be selected from alkyl and divalent alkylene substituents;
- aryl and heteroaryl moieties as can be selected from moieties of the sort described, inferred herein or as would otherwise be understood by those skilled in the art and made aware of this invention.
- Ar can be selected from fluoro-, chloro- and cyano-substituted phenyl moieties, pyridinyl, methyl- and methyl- and amino-substituted pyridinyl moieties.
- L 1 can be selected from (CH 2 ) n moieties, where n can be an integer selected from 1-3, CH(R 4 )CH(R 5 )CH(R 6 ) moieties where each of R 4 -R 6 can be independently selected from H, fluoro, and alkyl substituents and moieties where R 4 and R 5 can together and R 5 and R 6 can together form methylene substituents and cyclopropyl moieties.
- L 2 can be selected from (CH 2 ) m , CH(R 7 )CH(R 8 ), (CH 2 ) m NH and (CH 2 ) m NR 2 moieties, where m can be an integer selected from 1-3 and each of R 7 -R 8 can be independently selected from H and fluoro substituents, and moieties where R 1 and R 2 can together form a divalent C 1 -C 2 alkylene substituent and a diazacycloalkyl moiety.
- L 2 can be positioned alternatively about the phenyl, pyrimidinyl or pyridinyl moiety shown.
- E 1 -E 3 can be N.
- E 1 and E 3 can be N
- E 5 can be N.
- Ar can be selected from fluoro-, chloro- and cyano-substituted phenyl moieties.
- L 1 can be selected from (CH 2 ) n moieties, where n can be an integer selected from 1-3, and CH(R 4 )CH(R 5 )CH(R 6 ) moieties where each of R 4 -R 6 can be independently selected from H and fluoro substituents.
- L 2 can be selected from (CH 2 ) m and CH(R 7 )CH(R 8 ), moieties, where m can be an integer selected from 1-3 and each of R 7 -R 8 can be independently selected from H and fluoro substituents.
- the present invention can also be directed to compounds of a formula
- Ar, L 1 , L 2 and E 4 -E 7 can independently be selected from moieties of the sort discussed above or illustrated elsewhere herein, and salts thereof.
- Ar can be selected from fluoro-, chloro- and cyano-substituted phenyl moieties, pyridinyl, methyl- and methyl- and amino-substituted pyridinyl moieties;
- L 1 can be selected from optionally substituted divalent C 1 -C 4 alkylene moieties, where such substituents can be selected from halo, alkyl and divalent methylene substituents;
- L 2 can be selected from optionally fluoro-substituted divalent C 1 -C 3 alkylene moieties;
- E 4 -E 7 can be independently selected from CH, CR 3 and N, providing at least one of E 4 -E 7 is N, and where R 3 can be selected from methyl and halo substituents.
- L 1 can be selected from (CH 2 ) n moieties, where n can be an integer selected from 1-3, CH(R 4 )CH(R 5 )CH(R 6 ) moieties where each of R 4 -R 6 can be independently selected from H and fluoro substituents, and moieties where R 4 and R 5 can together and R 5 and R 6 can together form methylene substituents and cyclopropyl moieties.
- L 2 can be selected from (CH 2 ) m and CH(R 7 )CH(R 8 ) moieties, where m can be an integer selected from 1-3 and each of R 7 -R 8 can be independently selected from H and fluoro substituents.
- E 5 can be N.
- the present invention can also be directed to compounds of a formula
- L 1 and E 4 -E 7 can be as discussed above or illustrated elsewhere herein; and X can be selected, without limitation, from fluoro, chloro, and cyano substituents.
- L 1 can be selected from optionally-substituted divalent C 1 -C 4 alkylene moieties, where said substituents can be selected from halo, alkyl and divalent methylene substituents; and E 4 -E 7 can be independently selected from CH, CR 3 and N, providing at least one of E 4 -E 7 is N, and where R 3 can be selected from methyl and halo substituents.
- E 5 can be N.
- E 4 and E 6 can be independently selected from CH and CR 3 moieties, where each R 3 can be independently selected from methyl and chloro substituents.
- any stereocenter can be (S) or (R) with respect to any other stereocenter(s).
- various compounds can be present as an acid salt, either partially or fully protonated.
- the counterion(s) can be a conjugate base of a protic acid.
- the present invention can also be directed to a method inhibiting, modulating or otherwise affecting a nitric oxide synthase.
- a method can comprise providing a compound of this invention, whether or not part of a pharmaceutical composition, and administering an effective amount of such a compound and contacting a nitric oxide synthase therewith, such compounds including but not limited to those illustrated by the following examples, referenced figures and/or accompanying synthetic schemes.
- such contact can induce, promote or otherwise provide coordination of such a compound with hemoglobin iron in an active site of such a synthase.
- such a compound and/or combination thereof can be present in an amount at least partially sufficient to selectively inhibit neuronal nitric oxide synthase over inducible and endothelial isoforms.
- FIG. 1 Compound ( ⁇ )-1 (prior art) is a highly potent and selective nNOS inhibitor; however, it possess multiple charges.
- compound 7 is a highly potent and selective nNOS inhibitor, that showed good cellular permeability and low efflux ratio, in accordance with certain non-limiting embodiments of this invention.
- FIG. 3 Schematic illustration of X-ray crystallographic binding mode of compound 7 in the oxygenase domain of nNOS (left) and eNOS (right). Polar interactions are shown by dashed lines.
- FIG. 4 Modifications on compound 7 can be employed to improve n/i selectivity, minimize cytochrome P (CYP) inhibition, and improve human nNOS potency, respectively, such compounds also in accordance with the present invention.
- CYP cytochrome P
- FIGS. 5 and 6 Various other compounds of this invention, in accordance with one or more non-limiting embodiments thereof.
- arginine mimetics As previously mentioned, many of the highly potent and selective inhibitors of nNOS developed so far are arginine mimetics. As an example, compound 1 showed low nanomolar potency against rat nNOS and >800-fold selectivity over eNOS ( FIG. 1 ). However, increased polar surface area, multiple charges, and >7-8 rotatable bonds adversely affect blood-brain barrier permeability. These drawbacks limit their further development as therapeutic candidates.
- the imidazole ring is perpendicular over the porphyrin plane with 2.1 ⁇ distance from the central Fe.
- the propyl linker between the secondary amine group and the aromatic ring enables the 3-fluorophenyl ring to fit in the hydrophobic pocket lined by residues Met336, Leu337, and Tyr706 with electrostatic interactions between the ring and pocket residues.
- analysis of the crystal structure of 7 bound to eNOS showed that although the orientation of it up to the secondary amine is similar as in nNOS, beyond that the linker is disoriented, and the phenyl ring is pushed out of the pocket. This unstable orientation may account for the poor potency of 7 for eNOS.
- Compound 7 was promiscuous to some of the liver microsomal cytochrome P450 (P450) enzymes at 10 ⁇ M concentration. This promiscuity is speculated to arise from the 2-imidazolyl fragment in 7, since imidazole is a known heme-Fe coordinating ligand and therefore at 10 ⁇ M concentration, it can bind in the active site of the P450 enzymes. Therefore, determining an IC 50 value to judge its potency towards the cytochrome P (CYP) enzymes, and modification of the 2-imidazolyl fragment of 7 to alleviate its binding to CYPs was considered.
- P450 liver microsomal cytochrome P450
- Hemoglobin capture assay performed to determine IC 50 values of the inhibitors, thereafter using the Cheng-Prusoff equation to determine the K i was performed on compounds 25-31 (Table 1).
- Replacing the 3-F with a 3-Cl did not alter much in the potency or selectivity, however with the cyclopropyl ring ⁇ —to the secondary amine showed an improved selectivity over eNOS and iNOS, without much change in potency.
- amine starting materials can be prepared via the synthetic techniques outlined in Scheme 4 or straightforward variations thereof.
- Schemes 1-3 reductive amination of a pyrimidinyl aldehyde or Michael addition to a vinyl pyrimidine with such an amine can provide a substituted pyrimidine core.
- Azole incorporation affords, for example, a target imidazolyl-pyrimidine scaffold.
- compositions suitable for such contact or administration can comprise physiologically acceptable sterile aqueous or nonaqueous solutions, dispersions, suspensions or emulsions.
- compositions can be, in conjunction with the various methods described herein, for administration or contact with a cellular medium, bacterium and/or a nitric oxide synthase expressed or otherwise present therein.
- “contacting” means that a nitric oxide synthase and one or more inhibitor compounds are brought together for purpose of binding and/or complexing such an inhibitor compound to the enzyme. Amounts of a compound effective to inhibit a nitric oxide synthase may be determined empirically, and making such determinations is within the skill in the art. Modulation, inhibition or otherwise affecting nitric oxide synthase activity includes both reduction and/or mitigation, as well as elimination of NOS activity and/or nitric oxide production.
- dosage amount will vary with the activity of a particular inhibitor compound, disease state, route of administration, duration of treatment, and like factors well-known in the medical and pharmaceutical arts.
- a suitable dose will be an amount which is the lowest dose effective to produce a therapeutic or prophylactic effect.
- an effective dose of such a compound, pharmaceutically-acceptable salt thereof, or related composition may be administered in two or more sub-doses, administered separately over an appropriate period of time.
- Methods of preparing pharmaceutical formulations or compositions include the step of bringing an inhibitor compound into association with a carrier and, optionally, one or more additional adjuvants or ingredients.
- a carrier for example, a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier
- additional adjuvants or ingredients for example, standard pharmaceutical formulation techniques can be employed, such as those described in Remington's Pharmaceutical Sciences, Mack Publishing Company, Easton, Pa.
- the present invention provides for use of one or more nitric oxide synthase inhibitor compounds for the manufacture of a medicament for therapeutic use in the treatment of various disease states, in particular neurodegenerative diseases.
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Priority Applications (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US14/798,307 US9701661B2 (en) | 2014-07-11 | 2015-07-13 | 2-imidazolyl-pyrimidine scaffolds as potent and selective inhibitors of neuronal nitric oxide synthase |
| US15/602,833 US9878996B2 (en) | 2014-07-11 | 2017-05-23 | 2-imidazolyl-pyrimidine scaffolds as potent and selective inhibitors of neuronal nitric oxide synthase |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
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| EP (1) | EP3166938A4 (fr) |
| WO (1) | WO2016007966A2 (fr) |
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| US11439632B2 (en) | 2018-12-05 | 2022-09-13 | Northwestern University | Use of neuronal nitric oxide synthase inhibitors for immunotherapy in melanoma patients |
| US12213973B2 (en) | 2021-10-18 | 2025-02-04 | Northwestern University | Bacterial nitric oxide synthase inhibitors |
| US12240815B2 (en) | 2020-02-24 | 2025-03-04 | Northwestern University | Potent and selective human neuronal nitric oxide synthase inhibitors |
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| PL2694484T3 (pl) * | 2011-04-08 | 2019-02-28 | Janssen Sciences Ireland Uc | Pochodne pirymidyny do leczenia zakażeń wirusowych |
| PL2776439T3 (pl) | 2011-11-09 | 2018-12-31 | Janssen Sciences Ireland Uc | Pochodne puryny do leczenia zakażeń wirusowych |
| EP2872515B1 (fr) | 2012-07-13 | 2016-06-08 | Janssen Sciences Ireland UC | Purines macrocycliques pour le traitement des infections virales |
| AU2013328732B2 (en) | 2012-10-10 | 2017-08-31 | Janssen Sciences Ireland Uc | Pyrrolo[3,2-d]pyrimidine derivatives for the treatment of viral infections and other diseases |
| MY171115A (en) | 2012-11-16 | 2019-09-26 | Janssen Sciences Ireland Uc | Heterocyclic substituted 2-amino-quinazoline derivatives for the treatment of viral infections |
| EA035174B1 (ru) | 2013-02-21 | 2020-05-12 | Янссен Сайенсиз Айрлэнд Юси | Производные 2-аминопиримидина в качестве модуляторов толл-подобных рецепторов tlr7 и/или tlr8 |
| PT2978429T (pt) | 2013-03-29 | 2017-05-24 | Janssen Sciences Ireland Uc | Deaza-purinonas macrocíclicas para o tratamento de infeções virais |
| UA117586C2 (uk) | 2013-05-24 | 2018-08-27 | ЯНССЕН САЙЄНСІЗ АЙРЛЕНД ЮСі | Похідні піридину для лікування вірусних інфекцій та інших захворювань |
| EA034893B1 (ru) | 2013-06-27 | 2020-04-02 | Янссен Сайенсиз Айрлэнд Юси | Производные пирроло[3,2-d]пиримидина для лечения вирусных инфекций и других заболеваний |
| DK3404031T3 (da) | 2013-07-30 | 2020-12-14 | Janssen Sciences Ireland Unlimited Co | Thieno[3,2-d]pyrimidinderivater til behandling af virusinfektioner |
| SG11201702041PA (en) * | 2015-07-06 | 2017-04-27 | Gilead Sciences Inc | Cot modulators and methods of use thereof |
| AU2017289418B2 (en) | 2016-07-01 | 2021-06-03 | Janssen Sciences Ireland Unlimited Company | Dihydropyranopyrimidines for the treatment of viral infections |
| WO2018060317A1 (fr) | 2016-09-29 | 2018-04-05 | Janssen Sciences Ireland Uc | Promédicaments de pyrimidine pour le traitement d'infections virales et d'autres maladies |
| TW201945003A (zh) | 2018-03-01 | 2019-12-01 | 愛爾蘭商健生科學愛爾蘭無限公司 | 2,4-二胺基喹唑啉衍生物及其醫學用途 |
| TW202235416A (zh) | 2019-06-14 | 2022-09-16 | 美商基利科學股份有限公司 | Cot 調節劑及其使用方法 |
| WO2021202224A1 (fr) | 2020-03-30 | 2021-10-07 | Gilead Sciences, Inc. | Formes solides de (s)-6-(((1-(bicyclo [1.1.1] pentan-1-yl) -1h-1,2,3-triazol-4-yl) 2-méthyl-1-oxo-1,2-dihydroisoquinolin-5-yl) méthyl))) amino) 8-chloro-(néopentylamino) quinoline-3-carb onitrile un composé inhibiteur de cot |
| AU2021245924B2 (en) | 2020-04-02 | 2024-02-29 | Gilead Sciences, Inc. | Process for preparing a Cot inhibitor compound |
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- 2015-07-13 WO PCT/US2015/040216 patent/WO2016007966A2/fr not_active Ceased
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Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US11439632B2 (en) | 2018-12-05 | 2022-09-13 | Northwestern University | Use of neuronal nitric oxide synthase inhibitors for immunotherapy in melanoma patients |
| US12083113B2 (en) | 2018-12-05 | 2024-09-10 | Northwestern University | Use of neuronal nitric oxide synthase inhibitors for immunotherapy in melanoma patients |
| US12240815B2 (en) | 2020-02-24 | 2025-03-04 | Northwestern University | Potent and selective human neuronal nitric oxide synthase inhibitors |
| US12213973B2 (en) | 2021-10-18 | 2025-02-04 | Northwestern University | Bacterial nitric oxide synthase inhibitors |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| US9878996B2 (en) | 2018-01-30 |
| US20170260165A1 (en) | 2017-09-14 |
| EP3166938A2 (fr) | 2017-05-17 |
| WO2016007966A3 (fr) | 2016-08-11 |
| WO2016007966A2 (fr) | 2016-01-14 |
| US20160009690A1 (en) | 2016-01-14 |
| EP3166938A4 (fr) | 2018-01-17 |
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