US969545A - Kerosene-burner. - Google Patents

Description

H LEMPI KEROSENE BURNER.- APPLICATION-FILED AUG. 5, 1903.

Patented Sept. 6, 1910 I Inventor: 'Hebrnann Lem mw Y Oqtby.

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

HEBMANN LEMP, OF LYNN, MASSACHUSETTS, ASSIGNOR, BY MESNE ASSIGNMENTS, TO GENERAL ELECTRIC- COMPANY, A CORPORATION OF NEW YORK.

KEROSENE-BURNER.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented Sept. 6, 1910.

Application filed August 5, 1903. Serial No. 168,297.

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, HERMANN LEMP, a citizen of the United States, residing at Lynn, count-y of Essex, State of Massachusetts, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Kerosene-Burners, .of which the following is a specification.

I The use of kerosene as fuel for burners of the Bunsen type, such asare commonly used in connection with automobile steam generators,'is attended with difiiculty. This is due largely to the fact that kerosene requires a high degree of temperature to effect its vaporization and to maintain it in a gaseous state. Condensation of the yapor takes place rapidly 'under cooling influences. If, for any reason, the condensed kerosene is injected into the burner as a liquid, its presence in the burner will cause smoke and smell and seriously retard the lighting of the burner.

"In the common form of vapor burner, a pilot burner is employed for. the purpose of preliminary starting or restarting the main burner of the-boiler. The pilot burner is generally situated in the combustion cham-- ber of the boiler. 'In this position it subserves two functions, that of heating the vaporizer and of efi ecting the ignition of the apor when a sutlicient amount has been generated to begin issuing from the. vapor apertures of the burner. Vlly this. arrangement, however, the flame of the pilot burner is restricted to a limited portion ofthe vaporizing system so that remoteportions thereof become cold. This is particularly objectionable for the reason that when the pilot home alone is in operation-the flame heatsonly the vaporizer while the tube con nection leading therefrom. to the injector, and located outside'of the boiler and burner casing. fails to be heated. The resulting elfect isthat condensation of kerosene vapor occurs in the tube conncctiom Consequently when it is desired to restart the main burner the fresh supply of vapor generated in the vaporizer-will, when injected, entrain a certain amount of liquid kerosene with it. Thus the liquid kerosene is forced into the injector tube and mixing chamber'of the main burner and collects in the same. As

the liquid is of a. temperature lower than Ynder these conditions, with the presence of liquid kerosene in the burner, the ignition of the vapor is considerably retarded and the burning attended with odor and smoke.

The object of my invention is to overcome the objections above named. Therefore, in the means for accomplishing this, the pilot burner isa rranged in such a position that its flame impinges upon the injector nozzle and the connection between it and the vaporizer. The flame of the pilot burner is permitted to extend into the combustion chamber of the boiler so as to effect the lighting of the main burner. Thus the function of the pilot burner is to heat the injector and its tube or connection suiliciently to cause complete vaporization of the kerosene for starting purposes. It thereby prevents the condensation of 'apor into liquid kerosene and its injection into the injector tube and mixing chamber of the burner.

fully described hereinafter and finally set forth in the claims.

tratcs one embodiment of my invention, Figure 1 shows a section of the combustion chamber of a boiler and main burner, with a pilotv burner applied thereto; Fig. 2 is a detail view of the pilot burner; and Fig. 3 is a modified form of pilot burner attached to the boiler.

The main burner is of the injector or Bm-isen type, such as is used in connection with steam generators for automobiles. My invention has to do particularly with a. pilot lmrner-and is adapted to be applied to any kind of burner operating upon the injector principle for mixing the kerosene vapor with air. i

Referring to the drawing. 1 rcpresentsthe yombustion chamber of a. steam generator, 9 the main burner of the fiat chamber kind,

.tions 4. The burner 2 is provided with the injector tube 5 arranged radially under the same in a horizontal position. An injector (i is arranged extcriorly of the boiler and disposed centrally in line with the mouth of the injector tube. The injector is controlled by a suitable needle valve 7. A Wiper-carrying tube 8 connects the injector with a main vaporizer 9. This vaporizer is arranged in the combustion chamber so as to be heated In the accmupanying' drawing, which illus-.

' Thedetails of arrangement will be more having the usual air lines 3 and'g'as poi-foraby the flame of the main burner. Obviously suitable connection for the vaporizer 9 is made with a source of fuel supply,,and the feed of the fuel may be after any approved manner.

Instead of arranging the pilot burner in the combustion chamber of the boiler casing according to the common practice, the pilot burner in the present case is arranged out: side of the boiler. The pilot burner 10 is supported adjacent the injector so that its flame. plays upon the injector and vapor tube. In order to concentrate the flame upon the injector and vapor tube, a heating flue or chimney ll. illcloses these members. This heating flue is secured to the shell or casing of the boiler and communicates with the combustion chamber at one end. For this latter purpose the shell of the boiler is provided with an opening 12 through which the vapor tube extends to connect with .the main vaporizer. The opening 12 is of suifieienttly large diameter to permit free communication between the heating flue and the combustion chamber, so that the flame and burned gases of the pilot burner can pass into the combustion chamber. In order to protect the nozzle 13 of the injector 6 from the flame of the pilot burner, the injector is arranged transversely in the heating tube, with the nozzle projecting snugly through the wall. The needle valve stem also passes through the wall of the heating flue.

The pilot burner consists of a vaporizing tube or vaporizer 1t suitably coiled to produce a large heating surface i1i"a--= si nall compass, and the end of the tube tcrminati s in a nozzle 15. The nozzle 15 is preferably turned toward the coiled portion of the tube, so that the flame from the nozzle will impinge upon the vaporizing tube. lipe connection 16 is bad with a source of liquid fuel supply, this connection being preferably independent of the fuel supply pi ie leading to the main vaporizer. nee le -valve 17 is provided for controlling the fuel supply to the ilot burner. At the outer end of the heating line a starting cupid is arranged in close proximity to the *alve and vaporizing tube of the pilot burner.

In operation, the starting cup is provided with a volatile liquid such as alcohol or gasolene, and the same is lighted. The flame produced thereby serves to start the pilot burner. The vaporizing tube becomes intenselyheated, and as the kerosene is fed to the same by opening the needle valve 17,

vvapor is immediately generated. This vapor or gas issues from the nozzle and ignites by the flame rising from the starting cap. The pilot flame thereafter vaporizes its own fuel and continues burning as long as the needle 'alve is opened. The. flame of the pilot burner passes up through the heating tube, andheats the injector and vapor tube sufficiently to cause vaporization of the kerosene for supplying the main burner. Upon opening the needle valve 7 of the injector the vapor issues into the injector tube, becoming mixed with air, and then the mixture of vapor and air passes into the chamber of the burner from which it issues through the perforations 4 into the combustion chamber. In the combustion chamber the gas ignites by means of the flame of the pilot burner.

As shown in Fig. 3, the modified embodiment of my invention comprises,in general terms, a main vaporizer 19. an injector 20, an injector tube 21. a main burner 22, a pilot burner 23, and a heating flue 2 t. The essential difference between the modified construction and that already described is that the connecting tube between the main vaporizer and injector is so shortened as to be substantially dispensed with. The flame of the pilot burner is adapted to impinge upon the injector and the adjacent end of said vaporizer. The pilot burner is of the same construction, but is disposed horizontally, with the injector vertical. For the startingcup is substituted a dished portion 525 formed in the heating flue. In order to meet this new position of the injector. the injector tube is upturned at its outer end, as is clearly shown.

The operationof the modified form of pilot burner similar to "that of the form hcreinbefore described.

It will be 11o tedthat by arranging the pilot burner adjacent the nozzle of the 1njcctor the liquid kerosene positively vaporizes before it passes out of the nozzle. Thereby the injection of liquid into the main burner is prevented, with its attending objections of retarding the lighting and causing smoke and odor during burning.

In accordance withthe provisions of the patent statutes I have described the principle of operation of my invention, together with the apparatus which I now consider to be the best embot'limen't thereof; but I do sire to have it understood that the apparatus shown is only illustrative and that the invention can be carried out by other means.

lVhat I claim as ne\v,"and desire to secure by Letters Patent of the United States, is,-

' the burner, an open ended flue in the walls of which the injector is mounted with its nozzle outside said walls, said flue opening to the air at its outer end and having its inner end entering the combustion chamber adjacent one end of the vaporizer, a. conduit located within the flue which conveys fuel vapor from the vaporizer to the injector, a pilot burner in the flue between the outer end and the'injector, which directs its flame against the injector and also along the flue into the chamber to heat the vaporizer, and a vaporizer for the pilot burner which is heated by the flame thereof.

2. A burner system comprising a main burner, a vaporizer arranged above the burner,. a casing for the vaporizer which forms a combustion chamber, and an injector receiving vapor from the vaporizer which is exterior to the casing, in combination with an auxiliary or pilot burner which comprises a nozzle, a'vaporizing coil con-,

nected with the nozzle which is heated by the pilot flame, a flue in the walls of which the injector is mounted with its nozzle projecting beyond said walls, an injector tube leading from a point opposite the injector nozzle to the main burner, said flue surrounding the auxiliary burner, directing the pilot flame on the injector and entering the casing opposite the main vaporizer to discharge its contents over said vaporizer, a conduit extending along the median line of the flue between the main vaporizer; and the injector, and a starting cup for heating the auxiliary system which is arranged adjacent the outer end of the flue to receive fuel from said pilot burner nozzle.

3. In combination, a 'lcasing, a main burner of thechamber type attached to the lower endof the casing, a vaporizer arranged in the casing above the burner, a pilot burner, an injector 'for the main burner which receives vapor fromthe vaporizer and is arranged between the latter and the pilot burner, a vaporizer for the pilot burner which is disposed between the same and the injector to be heated by the pilot flame, a fine in the walls of which the in-' jector is mounted transversely of the flue passage with its nozzle projecting from one of said walls, said flue also surrounding the pilot burner and its vaporizer and entering the casing adjacent the main vaporizer to discharge its contents over saidvaporizer, a conduit extending along the median line of the fine between the main vaporizer and the injector, anda valve for the injector, the

porizer and the injector, the latter being exterior to the casing, in combination w1th a pilot burner comprising a vapor discharging nozzle which is located adjacent toand directs its flame against the injector and along said tube, a vaporizer connected with and supplying said nozzle which is heated by the pilot flame, and a flue along the median line of which the tube between the injector and the main vaporizer extends, said flue surrounding the pilot burner system and the injector and entering the casing opposite said main vaporizer.

5. The combination of a main burner, a casing extending upwardly from the burner, a main vaporizer arranged in the casing for supplying the burner, the casing having an opening adjacent said main vaporizer, an injector discharging fuel vapor from the main vaporizer to the burner, a tubular flue in the walls of which the injector is mounted transversely of the flue passage with its nozzle projecting from the walls thereof, an injector tube leading from a'point opposite the nozzle to the main burner, said flue being open to the atmosphere at one end and having its other end connected with the opening in the casing, a tube extending along the median line of the flue between the main vaporizer and the injector to supply the latter with fuel, a pilot burner arranged in the open end of the flue which sends its flaine along said flue over the injector and the tube and through the opening in the casing to contact with theinain vaporizer, and a vaporizer for the pilot burner which is heated by its flame.

'In witness whereof I have hereunto set my hand this third day of August 1903.

HERMANN LEMP.

Witnesses: M

DUGALD MoK. cKnmor, IIENRY WESTENDARP.

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