US957234A - Excavator. - Google Patents

Description

H. F. MENGK.

BXGAVATOR. APPLICATION FILED FEB. 10, 1909.

957,234, Patented may 10, 1910.

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Witnesses.

Inventor.

LZ MWM' H. F. MENGK. EXGAVATOR. APPLIOATION FILED FEB. 10, 1909.

Patented May 10, 1910.

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Witnesses.

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HANS FRIEDRICH IVIENCK, OF GROSS-FLOTTBECK, GERMANY, ASSIGNOR TO THE FIRM OF MENCK 8c HAMBROCK, GESELLSOHAFT MIT BESCI-IRANKTER I-IAFTUNG, 0F

ALTONA-OTTENSEN, GERMANY.

EXCAVATOR.

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, HANs FRIEDRICH MENOK, a subject of the German Emperor, and resident of GrossFlottbeck, Province of Schleswig-Holstein, Prussia, German Empire, have invented certain new and use ful Improvements in Excavators, of which the following is a specification.

The present invention has for its object improvements in excavators and relates mor particularly to the provision of a braking mechanism in conjunction with the bottom flap of the scoop in order to render it possible to brake or regulate the opening movement of the bottom flap so that the emptying of the scoop can be effected by the operator slowly or quickly according to requirements.

In excavators the scoop is emptied, as is known, by opening the bottom of the scoo which is formed as a flap, after the filled scoop has been swung over the receptacle (truck or the like) intended for the reception of the material. In the constructions heretofore adopted the opening of the bottom flap is effected by releasing a bolt,-

whereupon the flap suddenly swings downward and the entire contents of the scoop are discharged in one operation. Owing to this arrangement, the truck or the like into which the material is loaded experiences a harmful shock. Now in order to obviate this defect and to empty the scoop gradually and discharge its contents into the truck without shock, in accordance with the present invention the flap is combined with an appropriate braking mechanism (such as a band brake, air or liquid brake or the like) by means of which it is possible to cause the flap to open slowly, that is to say to brake and regulate the opening movement of the flap in the desired manner. The arrangement is also such that during the descent of the scoop the flap automatically recloses so that when the scoop again comes into contact with the ground to be excavated the flap is closed.

Th invention is illustrated in the accompanying drawings in which Figure 1 is a side elevation of an exca-- vator constructed in accordance with and embodying the invention, the bottom flap of the scoop being shown open. Fig. 2 is a detail view of the scoop in side elevation to a larger scale, with the bottom flap closed. Fig. 3 is an end elevation and Fig. 4 is a par- Specification of Letters Patent.

Application filed February 10, 1909.

Patented May 10, 191i).

Serial No. 477,155.

tial sectional plan of Fig. 2. Fig. 5 is a similar view to Fig. 2, and illustrates a modified form of braking mechanism.

The excavator (Fig. 1) is mounted in well known manner on a carriage which traverses on a temporary track. Gn one end of the frame is a crane 3 which has a circular adjustment on the axial post of the ground plate of the excavator. The crane is provided with a suitable chainor wire-ropetackle 4C. To the end of the latter is suspended a scoop a made of boiler-iron, whose lip a is a steel edge preferably with fingers (not shown). Direction is given to the scoop a by means of a beam formed of two parallel arms or rails 2 which are jointed to the crane 3. Vhen the scoop has been thrust into the earth, the beam affords aful crum on which the scoop rotates when the tackle 4 is wound up on the drum by the action of a steam-engine mounted on the excavator platform.

The engine 5 for operating the beam 2 is mounted on the crane 3.

The scoop a which cuts into the ground by means of its lip or cutting edge (1. comprises a bottom flap 6 carried by two yoke pieces 6 rotatable around the shaft 0. portions of these yoke pieces which are coaxial with the shaft 0 are formed as toothed sectors 6 and mesh with gear wheels (Z (Z on a shaft 6 the bearings of which are fixed on the arms of the scoop-beam 2. The shaft 6 carries a brake disk the brake band 9 of which is fixed at g to the wall of the scoop and to an arm 9 on a shaft la mounted on the rear wall of the scoop. The outwardly projecting end of the shaft 70 carries a lever arm 75 which is connected by means of a link Z with the arm of a bell crank lever a loaded with a weight m. At the free end of this bent lever 91, which is rotatably mounted at n to the beam 2 of the scoop, is attached a pull-rope 0 or the like leading to the operators stand. The weight at of the lover a tends to exert a tractive effort upon the brake band 9 through the link Z and the brake lever device Z: 79 and 9 whereby the disk 7, the gear wheels (Z (Z and consequently the bottom flap 1) are held in the closed position. If, however, a tractive effort is exerted upon the rope 0 by the operator after the filled scoop has been brought over the receptacle to be loaded, the brake band is released. Owing to the weight of the flap Z), of the arms 19 and of the load resting upon the said flap of the scoop, this flap 5 will open and the scoop will empty more or less rapidly according to the pull exerted upon the rope 0 and the release of the brake thereby effected; if desired the discharge can be stopped entirely. lVhen the scoop has been emptied and is to be lowered for a fresh cut, the flap closes automatically owing to the sinking of the scoop. For this purpose the brake disk 7 which is loosely mounted on the shaft 6 (Fig. l), is provided on each side with a spring-controlled pawl 29 or 29 These pawls engage with ratchet wheels Q or g which are rigidly connected with the hubs of the corresponding gear wheels (Z or (Z loose upon the shaft e. lVhen the flap opens after the lifting of the scoop upon the release of the brake, the toothed sectors cause a rotation of the gear wheels (Z (Z in the direction indicated by the arrow in Fig. 2. The ratchet wheels 9 q are thus rotated in the direction toward the pawls p p and the latter carry the brake disk 7 around with them. lVhen the bottom flap 6 is opened the brake disk 7 is coupled with the ratchet wheels Q g of the gearing (Z (Z by the pawls 79 p and the gearing, the ratchet wheels and the brake disk then rotate as a whole toward the left hand, relatively to Fig. 2. Upon the descent of the scoop the flap again closes, however, under the influence of gravity, the toothed sectors 5 the gear wheels (Z (Z and consequently the atchet wheels 9 rotate in the opposite direction, that is to say to the right hand relatively to Fig. 2 whereby the pawls 7) 20 of the brake disk, which is held by the closed braking mechanism 9, slide over the ratchet teeth. The tightening of the brake band 9 eflected automatically by the action of the loaded lever m, n which holds the brake band applied so long as no tractive effort is exerted upon the rope 0. The bottom flap is closed entirely automatically when the scoop has been emptied, without the necessity for any action on the part of the operator upon the braking mechanism; this mechanism remains applied by the weighted lever m a after the release of the rope, and during the emptying and lowering of the scoop. Then the scoop fills with the material which is being excavated, the latter exerts a pressure against the flap b. The flap cannot open however because the pawls p p of the brake disk f do not permit of the rotation of the ratchet wheels, the gear wheels (Z (Z or of the toothed sectors Z3 The brake can be used without any ratchet gear, in which case as shown in Fig. 5 the brake disk f is fixed 011 the shaft 6 and when the scoop descends the brake must be held released until the flap occupies its closed position. This can be effected either by exerting a continuous traction upon the rope 0 or by means of special devices which retain the brake lever in the released position in which the brake is not applied and again release it at the proper time.

As shown in Fig. 5 the rope 0 is passed around a roller 1' to which it is fixed. The roller 0" carries on its periphery a locking tooth r or a number of such teeth. A looking pawl 8 formed as a two-armed lever bears against the periphery of the roller; its rear arm caries a pin .9 which is guided in a slot 25 in a rod or link if pivoted to the yoke Z1 The roller 1 is connected by a rope 0 with the brake lever is, upon which the weight at is likewise arranged. During the excavation the Z) is closed, because the brake weight m applies the brake. When it is desired to release the brake for the purpose of emptying the raised scoop a tractive effort is exerted upon the rope 0. This ro tates the roller 1' and by means of the connecting rope 0 draws the brake lever 7a and the weight m upward. It is now possible to lift the brake weight m to such a height as is necessary for slowly opening the fiap. When the flap is fully open the rope 0 is again pulled vigorously, thereby raising the weight m to its highest position. The brake band is now released fully. The brake weight retains this position because the locking tooth 1' has been seized by the pawl 8 thereby preventing retractive rotation of the roller 1". The rope 0 can now be released and the brake remains unapplied. If the scoop is now lowered for a fresh cut the scoop flap 6 again closes. Shortly before the flap entirely closes the rod t acts in such a manner that owing to its displacement the upper end of its slot strikes against the pin 8 upon the pawl s and causes the latter to disengage from the locking tooth r. The weighted lever 76 m in its reversal then applies the brake and the rope 0 again brings the tooth 1 into the position shown in Fig. 5. hen the weighted lever is reversed, the rope 0 is re-wound upon the roller 7" in its rotation. The condition obtaining during excavation is thus reestablished. It the flap is opened the rod It moves upward but owing to its provision with a long slot exerts no influence upon the locking tooth.

I claim:

1. In an excavator, the combination with a swinging support, a scoop mounted thereon, and a bottom hinged to the scoop, of a rotatable member mounted in the support, means operated by the movement of the bottom to rotate said member in opposite directions, and means to exert a braking action on the rotatable member.

2. In an excavator, the combination with a swinging support, a scoop mounted there on and a bottom hinged to the scoop, of a rotatable member mounted in the support, means connected with the bottom to rotate said member in opposite directions, a brake disk connected with the latter and means to exert a braking action on the disk.

3. In an excavator, the combination with a swinging support, a scoop mounted thereon and a bottom hinged to the scoop, of a rotatable member mounted in the support, rigid means connected with the bottom to rotate said member in opposite directions, a brake disk connected with the latter and means to exert a braking action on the disk.

4. In an excavator, the combination with a swinging support, a scoop mounted thereon, and a bottom hinged to the scoop, of a rotatable member mounted in the support, rigid means connected with the bottom to rotate said member in opposite directions, a brake disk connected with the latter, a brake band surrounding the disk connected with the scoop, andmeans to actuate the band.

In an excavator, the combination with a swinging support, a scoop mounted there on, and a bottom hinged to the scoop, of a shaft journaled in the support, means connected with the bottom to rotate the shaft in opposite directions, a brake disk, means to fix the latter to the shaft, a brake band surrounding the disk and means to regulate the action of the band.

6. In an excavator, the combination with a swinging support, a scoop mounted thereon and a bottom hinged to the scoop, of a shaft journaled in the support, rigid members connected with the bottom to rotate the shaft in opposite directions, a brake disk rotatable on the shaft, means to automatically connect the disk and shaft, a brake band surrounding the disk and means to regulate the action of the band on the shaft.

7 In an excavator, the combination with a swinging support, a scoop mounted thereon and a bottom hinged to the scoop, of a gear journaled on the support, a rack on the bottom in mesh with the gear, a brake-member on the support, and a brake member connected with the scoop cooperating with the first mentioned brake member.

8. In an excavator, the combination with a swinging support, a scoop mounted thereon and a bottom hinged to the scoop, of gears journaled on the support, racks formed on the bottom in mesh with the gears, a brake disk, means to connect the latter with the gears, and a brake band surrounding the disk connected with the scoop.

9. In an excavator, the combination with a support, a scoop mounted thereon and a bottom hinged on the scoop, of a shaft mounted on said support, a brake-disk on the shaft, gears mounted on the latter, segmental racks connected with the bottom in mesh with the gears and a weight controlled brake-band surrounding the disk, and means to control the action of the weight on the band.

10. In an excavator, the combination with a support, a scoop mounted thereon and a bottom hinged on the scoop, of a shaft mounted on said support, a brake disk rotatable on the shaft, gears loosely mounted on the latter, segmental racks connected with the bottom in mesh with the gears, means to connect the gears and brake disk and a weight controlled brake-band surrounding the disk, and means to control the action of the weight on the band.

11. In an excavator, the combination with a support, a scoop mounted thereon, and a bottom hinged on the scoop, of a shaft mounted on said support, a brake disk rotatable on the shaft, gears loosely mounted on the latter, segmental racks connected with the bottom in mesh with the gears, ratchets connected with the gears, pawls on the brake disk adapted to engage the ratchets, and a braking member cooperating with the brake disk.

12. In an excavator, the combination with a support, a scoop mounted thereon, and a bottom hinged on the scoop, of a shaft mounted on said support, a brake disk rotatable on the shaft, gears loosely mounted on the latter, segmental racks connected with the bottom in mesh with the gears, ratchets connected with the gears, pawls on the brake disk adapted to engage the ratchets, a brake band surrounding the brake disk connected at one end to the scoop, a brake lever connected to the other end of said band, a weight on the brake lever, and means to counteract the effect of the weight.

HANS FRIEDRICH MENGK.

lVitnesses:

ANNA KtiMMnL, ERNEST H. L. MUMMENHOFF.

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