US933953A - Oil-fuel-combustion process. - Google Patents

Description

G. L. BOURNE.

OIL FUEL COMBUSTION PROCESS.

APPLICATION FILED JUNE 26,1905. 933,953.- Patented sept. 1,4, 1909.

' [nnen fr: fwn/d nuire? encuen L, BoUnuE, or NEW Yoan, N. Y., AssIGNoR 'ro THE E Arriwnjr MATERIALS cola- PANY, oF cHIoAGo, ILLINoIs, .acoaronnrroir or ILLINOIS.

OIL-FUEL-COMBUSTION FROCESS. A

ceases.

v Speccation of Letters `1late11t.` Appliatcu filed June 26,190.5,- Seral No. 266.27%

Patented Sept. 1e, 1,

5 State of New York-, have invented a new andv novel Oil1`uelCombustion Process, of which the following is 'a specification.

The object of thls invention is to provide 'a process for burning oil fuel whereby erfeet combustion will bev obtained and al of the heat units in the fuel made available for the work.

In the accompanyingl drawings l.; have shown a flue welding furnace in which the.

process can bepracticed and referring there Figure l is a sectional elevation, Fig. 2

is a top plan view. Fig. 3 is adetaili'sec tional view of the air valve and burner connections.

In the furnace disclosed` 1n the drawings 5 1s the primary combustion chamber, 6 the secondary combustion chamber and 7 the heating chamber,.the latter being preferably closed at the top and provided with a slag opening 8. At one side of the primary combustion chamber is an air flue 9 which turns inward at the top, at 9', and discharges into the secondary combustion chamber. The burner comprises a 'tube 10 connected withV anl oii supply pipe 1l and provided at its top with a valve l0 of any suitable character. have shown a gravity valve in the drawings which is adapted to be raised by the pressure of the oil. Air is supplied from a pipe l2 which communicates with the iiue 9 and also with the extension 13 to discharge air around the upper end of the oil tube 10. The supply of air is regulatedby a valve 14 of suitable construction.

The oil is fed by gravity or under pressure and the air is supplied by a fan or other suitable means. The various steps of the process of consuming the oil have in View,

irst,-the vaporization of the oil, and secondly, the complete combustion of the hydro- 'carbons thus formed' from their vaporized conditions. The Ordinary processes of burning cil are wasteful in that vtoo direct conversion o oil to burning gases is attempted with resultant loss in fuel and oxidizing flame. This is due to the fact that a perfect mechanical mixture of oil and airis not possible in practice. p t5 In this process combustion takes place at jectingsurface.

the burner the lower part of the primary combustion chamber which islined from bottom to top with-- fire brick. The only air ad-mitteilte the' primary combustion chamber enters through extension 13 around the 6o upper end of the oil tube and supplies the oxygen necessary support the primary comI ustion, the object being to so regulate this-supply that oxygen is not present in sufcient quantity to completely consume the ,65. hyd-rocarbonvapors which result from. this V first step. Y.

The air issuing from the extension 13. areund the upper-end of the oil tube Agreatly aids 1n an early vaporization of the oil, on account of the restricted orifice shown in Fig. 3, and through which 4saidV airpasses; andfalso' on account of the-edgeA of the valve .16 projecting slightly over said orifice, as.

illustrated. That ijs, to say, the construction is SllGh that4 the oil is delivered in anthin film on the under surface of the projecting edge of the valve 10.', and the air at` a high, velocity impinges against said film and pre- This action not only causes the oil to be more finely divided or atomized v than would-be't-he case were no obstructing surface present; but owing to the fact that the edge projects as shown, the airl and atomized oil is immediately deflected',y and S5 Ytherefo1'e scattered, or expanded, lat the very ba-se of the flame. to a higher degree than would be the case were no obstructing surface present; and this'increased expansion of oil and -airatthe base of the Hame, of necessity, promotes the formation of carbon monoxid or CO gas in the early stages of e combustion. In addition tol this, after the burner is in operation the valve 10 and its edge become highlyl heated, so vthat this a-tomization or extreme sub-division of the i oil takes place`aft7erthe voil in a thin film has traversed a surface ata high temperature; and therefore an additionalidegree of sub-division, closely approaching, 1fA notV 10Q `reaching the state of vaporization, is imarted to the oil just be ore it is ignited. his'stat-e of extreme sub-division. 1s also very important in producin oil vapors at the very beginning of the ame; for such vapors more readilyiform relatively large quantities of carbon monoxid CO, which is afterward blown through. the chambers 6 and 7 on to the object being heated, and there further oxidized to carbon dioxid CO2.

This COL, gas is therefore formed in greater quantities and caused to deliver up relatively greater quantities of heat at the exact point gas and traces of other hydrocarbon gases.

These gases having attained a high temperature and, not as yet having beenysupplied with the oxygen necessary for a complete combustion, now pass into the secondary lcombustion chamber where thel additional oxygen to complete combustion is supplied by the air issuing from the flue, and the gases are burned to C()2 and H2O at the very point Where the heat liberated is needed, thereby preventing losses of heat from radiation and other causes, which would result if this combustion tookplace at an earlier stage. -A certain amount lof free carbon is disengaged as the gases are admitted into this highly heated area, rand this burns While floating in the inflammable gases.

The-chemical action taking place through-' out the process is as follows: The oil after ignition isvaporized and Ipassing upward breaks up into free hydrogen', carbon moncarbon gases.

oxid, marsh gas and traces of other hydrolassing on now to the secondary combustion chamber the hydrogen is burned to Water, the carbon monoxid to carbon dioxid and the marsh gas to carbon dioxid and Water.

be disengaged in the process burns to carbon dioxld.

What I claim and desire to secure by Lets.

ters Patent is:

The process of burning oil fuel which consists in su plying the oil to a burnerat the bottom ofP a primary combustion chamber under pressure in a thin film in Contact with a highly heated surface; supplying air under pressure and causing the same to impinge against said surface and film to highly subdivide the oil, said air and oil after leaving said heated surface being deflected to further aid in subdividing the heated oil at the base of the flame-and thereby promoting the formation of inflammable gases in said chamber; and finally admitting a fresh supply of air to said gases at the .top of said chamber andncausing said gases to further oxidize and to deliver up their heat of combination at the point of use, substantially as described.

GEORGE L. BOURNE. VVitnes'ses:

CHARLES H. TRUE, DAVID GRANT.

The carbon which may

Images