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US9332761B2 - Synergistic combination of a chlorotoluron compound and zinc pyrithione for dry film protection - Google Patents

Synergistic combination of a chlorotoluron compound and zinc pyrithione for dry film protection Download PDF

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Publication number
US9332761B2
US9332761B2 US14/779,354 US201414779354A US9332761B2 US 9332761 B2 US9332761 B2 US 9332761B2 US 201414779354 A US201414779354 A US 201414779354A US 9332761 B2 US9332761 B2 US 9332761B2
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United States
Prior art keywords
chlorotoluron
antimicrobial
ppm
zinc pyrithione
dry film
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Expired - Fee Related
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US14/779,354
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US20160050931A1 (en
Inventor
Kenneth M. Donnelly
Pierre Marie Lenoir
Lukas Thomas Johannes Villiger
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Dow Europe GmbH
Dow Global Technologies LLC
Rohm and Haas Co
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Dow Global Technologies LLC
Rohm and Haas Co
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Priority to US14/779,354 priority Critical patent/US9332761B2/en
Publication of US20160050931A1 publication Critical patent/US20160050931A1/en
Assigned to ROHM AND HAAS COMPANY, DOW EUROPE GMBY, DOW GLOBAL TECHNOLOGIES reassignment ROHM AND HAAS COMPANY ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: DOW EUROPE GMBH, DONNELLY, KENNETH M, LENOIR, PIERRE M, JOHANNES VILLIGER, LUKAS T
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Classifications

    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
    • A01N47/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom not being member of a ring and having no bond to a carbon or hydrogen atom, e.g. derivatives of carbonic acid
    • A01N47/08—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom not being member of a ring and having no bond to a carbon or hydrogen atom, e.g. derivatives of carbonic acid the carbon atom having one or more single bonds to nitrogen atoms
    • A01N47/28—Ureas or thioureas containing the groups >N—CO—N< or >N—CS—N<
    • A01N47/30—Derivatives containing the group >N—CO—N aryl or >N—CS—N—aryl
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
    • A01N43/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds
    • A01N43/34—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom
    • A01N43/40—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom six-membered rings
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
    • A01N55/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators, containing organic compounds containing elements other than carbon, hydrogen, halogen, oxygen, nitrogen and sulfur
    • A01N55/02—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators, containing organic compounds containing elements other than carbon, hydrogen, halogen, oxygen, nitrogen and sulfur containing metal atoms
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
    • A01N59/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing elements or inorganic compounds
    • A01N59/16—Heavy metals; Compounds thereof
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09D—COATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
    • C09D5/00—Coating compositions, e.g. paints, varnishes or lacquers, characterised by their physical nature or the effects produced; Filling pastes
    • C09D5/14—Paints containing biocides, e.g. fungicides, insecticides or pesticides
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09D—COATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
    • C09D5/00—Coating compositions, e.g. paints, varnishes or lacquers, characterised by their physical nature or the effects produced; Filling pastes
    • C09D5/16—Antifouling paints; Underwater paints
    • C09D5/1606—Antifouling paints; Underwater paints characterised by the anti-fouling agent
    • C09D5/1612—Non-macromolecular compounds
    • C09D5/1625—Non-macromolecular compounds organic
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
    • A01N2300/00—Combinations or mixtures of active ingredients covered by classes A01N27/00 - A01N65/48 with other active or formulation relevant ingredients, e.g. specific carrier materials or surfactants, covered by classes A01N25/00 - A01N65/48
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
    • C08K5/00—Use of organic ingredients
    • C08K5/0091—Complexes with metal-heteroatom-bonds
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
    • C08K5/00—Use of organic ingredients
    • C08K5/02—Halogenated hydrocarbons
    • C08K5/03—Halogenated hydrocarbons aromatic, e.g. C6H5-CH2-Cl
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
    • C08K5/00—Use of organic ingredients
    • C08K5/16—Nitrogen-containing compounds
    • C08K5/21—Urea; Derivatives thereof, e.g. biuret

Definitions

  • This invention relates to combinations of antimicrobial compounds and their uses in dry film protection applications, the combinations having unexpectedly greater activity than would be expected for the use of both of the individual antimicrobial compounds.
  • combinations of at least two antimicrobial compounds can broaden potential markets, reduce use concentrations and costs, and reduce waste.
  • commercial antimicrobial compounds cannot provide effective control of microorganisms, even at high use concentrations, due to weak activity against certain types of microorganisms, e.g., those resistant to some antimicrobial compounds.
  • Combinations of different antimicrobial compounds are sometimes used to provide overall control of microorganisms in a particular end use environment.
  • WO 1998/121962 discloses combinations of 3-Iodo-2-propynyl-butylcarbamate and pyrithione, but this reference does not suggest any of the combinations claimed herein.
  • Antimicrobial compounds are sometimes included in liquid coating compositions that are applied to a substrate and that become dry films. It is desirable that such dry films control surface fungi and algae and that such dry films also present as little adverse effect as possible on health and the environment.
  • synergistic antimicrobial composition comprising chlorotoluron and zinc pyrithione.
  • the invention further provides a method of inhibiting the growth of or controlling the growth of microorganisms in a building material, the method comprising the step of adding a synergistic antimicrobial composition comprising chlorotoluron and zinc pyrithione; wherein the weight ratio of the zinc pyrithione to chlorotoluron is from 1:5 to 5:1.
  • the present invention further comprises a coating composition comprising a synergistic antimicrobial composition comprising chlorotoluron and zinc pyrithione.
  • the coating composition of the present invention may also comprise a synergistic antimicrobial composition comprising chlorotoluron and zinc pyrithione; wherein the weight ratio of the zinc pyrithione to chlorotoluron is from 1:5 to 5:1.
  • the present invention provides a dry film made by a process comprising applying a layer of the coating composition comprising a synergistic antimicrobial composition comprising chlorotoluron and zinc pyrithione; wherein the weight ratio of the zinc pyrithione to chlorotoluron is from 1:5 to 5:1 to a substrate and drying the coating composition or allowing the coating composition to dry.
  • antimicrobial compound refers to a compound capable of inhibiting the growth of or controlling the growth of microorganisms; antimicrobial compounds include bactericides, bacteriostats, fungicides, fungistats, algaecides and algistats, depending on the dose level applied, system conditions and the level of microbial control desired. Such term “antimicrobial compound” as used herein is synonymous with the term “biocide”.
  • microorganism includes, for example, fungi (such as yeast and mold), bacteria and algae.
  • Percentages of antimicrobial compounds in the composition of this invention are based on the total weight of active ingredients in the composition, i.e., the antimicrobial compounds themselves, exclusive of any amounts of solvents, carriers, dispersants, stabilizers or other materials which may be present.
  • ZnPT is zinc pyrithione or bis(2-pyridylthio)zinc 1,1′-dioxide (CAS registry number is 13463-41-7).
  • ratios are the herein to be “X:1 or higher,” it is meant that the ratio is Y:1, where Y is X or greater, and when a ratio is the herein to be “X:1 or lower,” it is meant that the ratio is Z:1, where Z is X or less.
  • X:1 or higher it is meant that the ratio is Y:1, where Y is X or greater
  • X:1 or lower it is meant that the ratio is Z:1, where Z is X or less.
  • Chlorotoluron is an herbicide, N′-(3-chloro-4-methylphenyl)-N,N-dimethylurea or 3-(3-chloro-p-tolyl)-1,1-dimethylurea represented by C 10 H 13 ClN 2 O (registry number 15545-48-9).
  • Chlorotoluron has relatively low solubility in water. This relatively low solubility in water is preferred for an antimicrobial material that may be included in a coating composition or other building material, because dried coatings and building materials are exposed to water, which could tend to remove a highly soluble compound from the dried coating or the building material.
  • the present invention involves a composition that contains both chlorotoluron and zinc pyrithione. It has been surprisingly found that compositions that contain both chlorotoluron and ZnPT are synergistically effective as biocides.
  • the weight ratio of ZnPT to chlorotoluron compound is 1:5 to 5:1.
  • the mixture of chlorotoluron and ZnPT may be included in a coating composition.
  • chlorotoluron and ZnPT may be added to the coating composition separately or as a mixture or any combination thereof.
  • Preferred coating compositions are liquid.
  • Coating compositions may be aqueous or non-aqueous.
  • Aqueous coating compositions generally contain 30% or more water by weight of the mixture, based on the weight of the coating composition.
  • preferred coating compositions are liquid compositions, especially compositions that contain dispersions of polymers in aqueous media.
  • the antimicrobial compound combinations of the present invention are particularly useful in preservation of building materials, e.g., adhesives, caulk, joint compound, sealant, wallboard, etc., polymers, plastics, synthetic and natural rubber, paper products, fiberglass sheets, insulation, exterior insulating finishing systems, roofing and flooring felts, building plasters, bricks, mortar, gypsum board, wood products and wood-plastic composites.
  • building materials e.g., adhesives, caulk, joint compound, sealant, wallboard, etc., polymers, plastics, synthetic and natural rubber, paper products, fiberglass sheets, insulation, exterior insulating finishing systems, roofing and flooring felts, building plasters, bricks, mortar, gypsum board, wood products and wood-plastic composites.
  • latex paints or other liquid coating compositions are used that contain the antimicrobial compound combinations disclosed herein.
  • Coating compositions are designed so that a layer of the coating composition can readily be applied to a substrate and then dried or allowed to dry to form a dry film.
  • Coating compositions contain a binder. Binders contain one or more of the following: one or more polymer, one or more oligomer, and/or one or more monomer. Oligomers and monomers in binders are designed to polymerize and/or crosslink during or after the formation of the dry film. Polymers in a binder may or may not be designed to crosslink during or after the formation of the dry film.
  • Coating compositions optionally contain one or more pigment.
  • a pigment is a mineral or an organic substance in the form of small solid particles. Pigments provide full or partial opacity to the dry film.
  • the antimicrobial composition is an aqueous latex paint comprising one or more of the antimicrobial compound combinations disclosed herein, or the dry film coating resulting from application of the paint to a surface.
  • An aqueous latex paint is an aqueous liquid coating composition in which the binder is a polymer in the form of a latex (i.e., in the form of polymer particles dispersed throughout the water). More preferred are aqueous latex paints in which the binder contains one or more acrylic polymer.
  • the amount of the antimicrobial compound combinations of the present invention to control the growth of microorganisms is from 100 ppm to 25,000 ppm active ingredient.
  • chlorotoluron plus ZnPT is present in an amount from 100 ppm to 25,000 ppm.
  • the antimicrobial combinations of the composition are present in an amount of at least 100 ppm and no more than 20,000 ppm, preferably no more than 18,000 ppm, preferably no more than 16,000 ppm, preferably no more than 14,000 ppm, preferably no more than 12,000 ppm, preferably no more than 10,000 ppm, preferably no more than 8,000 ppm, preferably no more than 6,000 ppm, preferably no more than 5,000 ppm, preferably no more than 4,000 ppm, preferably no more than 3,000 ppm, preferably no more than 2500 ppm, and preferably no more than 2,000 ppm.
  • Concentrations mentioned above are in a liquid coating composition containing the antimicrobial compound combinations; antimicrobial compound combination levels in the dry film coating will be higher.
  • the present invention also encompasses a method for preventing microbial growth in building materials, especially in dry film coatings, by incorporating any of the claimed antimicrobial compound combinations into the materials.
  • the antimicrobial compositions are used to inhibit growth of algae and/or fungi.
  • composition of the present invention contains chlorotoluron and ZnPT. It is contemplated that some embodiments may contain one or more additional antimicrobial compound.
  • Paints containing different antimicrobial compounds at the same levels were mixed together in order to obtain the desired ratio of antimicrobial compounds. After one day, the paints were applied to Schleicher & Schuell filter paper at 280 ⁇ m wft and dried for 3 days at room temperature avoiding direct exposure to sunlight. Square discs (1.6 cm ⁇ 1.6 cm) were cut out from each panel and were used as the substrate for algal efficacy tests. This sample size allowed for an agar border when the sample disc was placed into the well of the test plate.
  • Algal efficacy was tested according to modified ASTM 5589 which is a standard accelerated test method for determining resistance of various coatings (including paints) to algal defacement. To accommodate for high-throughput screening, this method was scaled down from petri dishes to 6-well plates. Bold Modified Basal Freshwater Nutrient Solution was used as growth medium. A single coated filter paper coupon was placed with a pair of sterile forceps at the center of the agar plug (on top) with the painted surface facing upwards. Algal inoculum was prepared by mixing equal concentrations (1 ⁇ 10 6 cfu/ml) and equal volumes of exponentially growing algae culture.
  • Each well that contains a tested coupon was inoculated with 1750 ⁇ l of algal suspensions (1 ⁇ 10 6 cfu/ml) making sure that the whole surface (paint film as well as the agar surrounding it) was evenly covered.
  • the plates were incubated at room temp (21° C.-25° C.) with cyclic exposure to light and dark phases, for a period of three weeks.
  • the total area inhibited was evaluated at the end of each week according to percent area covered in 5% increments.
  • the Synergy Index calculation was performed as follows.
  • SI value of ⁇ 1 in the formula indicates a synergism of the blended biocides exists.
  • the active with maximum concentration tested did not exhibit some inhibition, this maximum concentration is used to calculate the estimated SI and a sign of less than ( ⁇ ) is included to take into account that higher concentration of the active (e.g. chlorotoluron) is needed to achieve the targeted inhibition.
  • the minimal targeted inhibition was set at 75%, meaning a coupon with at least 75% algal growth inhibition was considered as a pass.
  • compositions listed below that contain both chlorotoluron and ZnPT are examples of the present invention.

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  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Plant Pathology (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Pest Control & Pesticides (AREA)
  • Zoology (AREA)
  • Environmental Sciences (AREA)
  • Agronomy & Crop Science (AREA)
  • Dentistry (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Agricultural Chemicals And Associated Chemicals (AREA)
  • Paints Or Removers (AREA)
  • Coating Of Shaped Articles Made Of Macromolecular Substances (AREA)
  • Compositions Of Macromolecular Compounds (AREA)

Abstract

A synergistic antimicrobial composition containing chlorotoluron and zinc pyrithione is provided. Also provided is a method of inhibiting the growth of or controlling the growth of microorganisms in a building material by adding such a synergistic antimicrobial composition. Also provided is a coating composition containing such a synergistic antimicrobial composition, and a dry film made from such a coating composition.

Description

This invention relates to combinations of antimicrobial compounds and their uses in dry film protection applications, the combinations having unexpectedly greater activity than would be expected for the use of both of the individual antimicrobial compounds.
Use of combinations of at least two antimicrobial compounds can broaden potential markets, reduce use concentrations and costs, and reduce waste. In some cases, commercial antimicrobial compounds cannot provide effective control of microorganisms, even at high use concentrations, due to weak activity against certain types of microorganisms, e.g., those resistant to some antimicrobial compounds. Combinations of different antimicrobial compounds are sometimes used to provide overall control of microorganisms in a particular end use environment. For example, WO 1998/121962 discloses combinations of 3-Iodo-2-propynyl-butylcarbamate and pyrithione, but this reference does not suggest any of the combinations claimed herein. Moreover, there is a need for additional combinations of antimicrobial compounds with relatively low impact on health and/or the environment. The problem addressed by this invention is to provide such additional combinations of antimicrobial compounds.
Antimicrobial compounds are sometimes included in liquid coating compositions that are applied to a substrate and that become dry films. It is desirable that such dry films control surface fungi and algae and that such dry films also present as little adverse effect as possible on health and the environment.
In the present invention there is provided a synergistic antimicrobial composition comprising chlorotoluron and zinc pyrithione.
The invention further provides a method of inhibiting the growth of or controlling the growth of microorganisms in a building material, the method comprising the step of adding a synergistic antimicrobial composition comprising chlorotoluron and zinc pyrithione; wherein the weight ratio of the zinc pyrithione to chlorotoluron is from 1:5 to 5:1.
The present invention further comprises a coating composition comprising a synergistic antimicrobial composition comprising chlorotoluron and zinc pyrithione. The coating composition of the present invention may also comprise a synergistic antimicrobial composition comprising chlorotoluron and zinc pyrithione; wherein the weight ratio of the zinc pyrithione to chlorotoluron is from 1:5 to 5:1.
Lastly, the present invention provides a dry film made by a process comprising applying a layer of the coating composition comprising a synergistic antimicrobial composition comprising chlorotoluron and zinc pyrithione; wherein the weight ratio of the zinc pyrithione to chlorotoluron is from 1:5 to 5:1 to a substrate and drying the coating composition or allowing the coating composition to dry.
The following is a detailed description of the invention. As used herein, the following terms have the designated definitions, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise.
The term “antimicrobial compound” refers to a compound capable of inhibiting the growth of or controlling the growth of microorganisms; antimicrobial compounds include bactericides, bacteriostats, fungicides, fungistats, algaecides and algistats, depending on the dose level applied, system conditions and the level of microbial control desired. Such term “antimicrobial compound” as used herein is synonymous with the term “biocide”.
The term “microorganism” includes, for example, fungi (such as yeast and mold), bacteria and algae.
The following abbreviations are used throughout the specification: ppm=parts per million by weight (weight/weight), mL=milliliter, ATCC=American Type Culture Collection, and MIC=minimum inhibitory concentration.
Unless otherwise specified, temperatures are in degrees centigrade (° C.), and references to percentages are by weight (wt %). Percentages of antimicrobial compounds in the composition of this invention are based on the total weight of active ingredients in the composition, i.e., the antimicrobial compounds themselves, exclusive of any amounts of solvents, carriers, dispersants, stabilizers or other materials which may be present.
As used herein, “ZnPT” is zinc pyrithione or bis(2-pyridylthio)zinc 1,1′-dioxide (CAS registry number is 13463-41-7).
When a ratio is the herein to be “X:1 or higher,” it is meant that the ratio is Y:1, where Y is X or greater, and when a ratio is the herein to be “X:1 or lower,” it is meant that the ratio is Z:1, where Z is X or less. The same logic follows for ratios that are “1:X or higher” and “1:X or lower”.
Chlorotoluron is an herbicide, N′-(3-chloro-4-methylphenyl)-N,N-dimethylurea or 3-(3-chloro-p-tolyl)-1,1-dimethylurea represented by C10H13ClN2O (registry number 15545-48-9).
Chlorotoluron has relatively low solubility in water. This relatively low solubility in water is preferred for an antimicrobial material that may be included in a coating composition or other building material, because dried coatings and building materials are exposed to water, which could tend to remove a highly soluble compound from the dried coating or the building material.
The present invention involves a composition that contains both chlorotoluron and zinc pyrithione. It has been surprisingly found that compositions that contain both chlorotoluron and ZnPT are synergistically effective as biocides.
When ZnPT is present, preferably the weight ratio of ZnPT to chlorotoluron compound is 1:5 to 5:1.
The mixture of chlorotoluron and ZnPT may be included in a coating composition. chlorotoluron and ZnPT may be added to the coating composition separately or as a mixture or any combination thereof. Preferred coating compositions are liquid. Coating compositions may be aqueous or non-aqueous. Aqueous coating compositions generally contain 30% or more water by weight of the mixture, based on the weight of the coating composition.
Among embodiments in which chlorotoluron and ZnPT are included in paint or other coating composition, preferred coating compositions are liquid compositions, especially compositions that contain dispersions of polymers in aqueous media.
In addition to paints and other coating compositions such as marine anti-fouling, the antimicrobial compound combinations of the present invention are particularly useful in preservation of building materials, e.g., adhesives, caulk, joint compound, sealant, wallboard, etc., polymers, plastics, synthetic and natural rubber, paper products, fiberglass sheets, insulation, exterior insulating finishing systems, roofing and flooring felts, building plasters, bricks, mortar, gypsum board, wood products and wood-plastic composites. When an antimicrobial compound combination of the present invention is present in a building material, it is preferred that some or all of the antimicrobial compound combination is present at the surface of the building material or near enough to the surface of the building material to inhibit microbial growth on that surface.
In some embodiments, latex paints or other liquid coating compositions are used that contain the antimicrobial compound combinations disclosed herein.
Coating compositions are designed so that a layer of the coating composition can readily be applied to a substrate and then dried or allowed to dry to form a dry film. Coating compositions contain a binder. Binders contain one or more of the following: one or more polymer, one or more oligomer, and/or one or more monomer. Oligomers and monomers in binders are designed to polymerize and/or crosslink during or after the formation of the dry film. Polymers in a binder may or may not be designed to crosslink during or after the formation of the dry film.
Coating compositions optionally contain one or more pigment. A pigment is a mineral or an organic substance in the form of small solid particles. Pigments provide full or partial opacity to the dry film.
The antimicrobial compound combinations are useful for preservation of the dry film coating resulting after application of paint or other liquid coating composition. Preferably, the antimicrobial composition is an aqueous latex paint comprising one or more of the antimicrobial compound combinations disclosed herein, or the dry film coating resulting from application of the paint to a surface. An aqueous latex paint is an aqueous liquid coating composition in which the binder is a polymer in the form of a latex (i.e., in the form of polymer particles dispersed throughout the water). More preferred are aqueous latex paints in which the binder contains one or more acrylic polymer.
Typically, the amount of the antimicrobial compound combinations of the present invention to control the growth of microorganisms is from 100 ppm to 25,000 ppm active ingredient. For example, in the present invention, chlorotoluron plus ZnPT is present in an amount from 100 ppm to 25,000 ppm. The antimicrobial combinations of the composition are present in an amount of at least 100 ppm and no more than 20,000 ppm, preferably no more than 18,000 ppm, preferably no more than 16,000 ppm, preferably no more than 14,000 ppm, preferably no more than 12,000 ppm, preferably no more than 10,000 ppm, preferably no more than 8,000 ppm, preferably no more than 6,000 ppm, preferably no more than 5,000 ppm, preferably no more than 4,000 ppm, preferably no more than 3,000 ppm, preferably no more than 2500 ppm, and preferably no more than 2,000 ppm. Concentrations mentioned above are in a liquid coating composition containing the antimicrobial compound combinations; antimicrobial compound combination levels in the dry film coating will be higher.
The present invention also encompasses a method for preventing microbial growth in building materials, especially in dry film coatings, by incorporating any of the claimed antimicrobial compound combinations into the materials.
Typically, the antimicrobial compositions are used to inhibit growth of algae and/or fungi.
The composition of the present invention contains chlorotoluron and ZnPT. It is contemplated that some embodiments may contain one or more additional antimicrobial compound.
The following are examples of the present invention.
Sample preparation for antimicrobial testing was performed as follows:
Slurries containing 33% antimicrobial active ingredients (chlorotoluron and ZnPT) were post added to a white, acrylic/silicone based outdoor paint free of biocides to give a total active ingredient concentration of 10000 and 1000 ppm respectively. These paints were then diluted with an antimicrobial free acrylic/silicone based paint and mixed to prepare targeted concentrations of antimicrobial compounds for the testing. The total biocides concentrations tested were 125, 250, 500, 1000, 2000 and 5000 ppm. After biocides addition or dilution, the paints were mixed 90 seconds with the horse power shaker (AXEL 75M3372/Agitateur SO-10MI) until uniformity was achieved. Paints containing different antimicrobial compounds at the same levels were mixed together in order to obtain the desired ratio of antimicrobial compounds. After one day, the paints were applied to Schleicher & Schuell filter paper at 280 μm wft and dried for 3 days at room temperature avoiding direct exposure to sunlight. Square discs (1.6 cm×1.6 cm) were cut out from each panel and were used as the substrate for algal efficacy tests. This sample size allowed for an agar border when the sample disc was placed into the well of the test plate.
Algal Efficacy Testing:
Algal efficacy was tested according to modified ASTM 5589 which is a standard accelerated test method for determining resistance of various coatings (including paints) to algal defacement. To accommodate for high-throughput screening, this method was scaled down from petri dishes to 6-well plates. Bold Modified Basal Freshwater Nutrient Solution was used as growth medium. A single coated filter paper coupon was placed with a pair of sterile forceps at the center of the agar plug (on top) with the painted surface facing upwards. Algal inoculum was prepared by mixing equal concentrations (1×106 cfu/ml) and equal volumes of exponentially growing algae culture.
Algal Inoculum:
Medium for
Organisms Strain No. Type testing
Chlorella sp. ATCC 7516 Unicellular Bold Modified
Chlorophyte Freshwater
Solution
Each well that contains a tested coupon was inoculated with 1750 μl of algal suspensions (1×106 cfu/ml) making sure that the whole surface (paint film as well as the agar surrounding it) was evenly covered. The plates were incubated at room temp (21° C.-25° C.) with cyclic exposure to light and dark phases, for a period of three weeks. The total area inhibited was evaluated at the end of each week according to percent area covered in 5% increments.
At the end of the three week incubation period, the samples were scored for percent inhibition regarding color intensity compared to the blank sample.
The Synergy Index calculation was performed as follows.
The SI is calculated based on F. C. Kull et. al. method (Applied Microbiology, Vol. 9 (1961). In this study, SI was calculated based on the following formula with the minimum inhibitory concentration chosen based on the percent inhibitory exhibited by the individual antimicrobial against each microorganisms tested.
SI=Qa/QA+Qb/QB
    • Qa=the concentration of Antimicrobial A in the blend
    • QA=the concentration of Antimicrobial A as the only biocide
    • Qb=the concentration of Antimicrobial B in the blend
    • QB=the concentration of Antimicrobial B as the only antimicrobial
SI value of <1 in the formula indicates a synergism of the blended biocides exists.
Note: If any of the active with maximum concentration tested did not exhibit some inhibition, this maximum concentration is used to calculate the estimated SI and a sign of less than (<) is included to take into account that higher concentration of the active (e.g. chlorotoluron) is needed to achieve the targeted inhibition. The minimal targeted inhibition was set at 75%, meaning a coupon with at least 75% algal growth inhibition was considered as a pass.
Compositions listed below that contain both chlorotoluron and ZnPT are examples of the present invention.
Test Results for ZnPT with chlorotoluron at 3 weeks were as follows:
Pass level ≧75% inhibition
Pass level >75%
inhibition 3 weeks
ZnPT/Chlorotoluron Chlorella
ZnPT
Total conc, ppm 500
% inhibition 95
Chlorotoluron
Total conc, ppm 1000
% inhibition 100
ZnPT/Chlorotoluron 1/5
Total conc, ppm 500
% inhibition 100
SI 0.58
ZnPT/Chlorotoluron 1/2
Total conc, ppm 500
% inhibition 100
SI 0.67
ZnPT/Chlorotoluron 1/1
Total conc, ppm 500
% inhibition 100
SI 0.75
ZnPT/Chlorotoluron 2/1
Total conc, ppm 500
% inhibition 100
SI 0.83
ZnPT/Chlorotoluron 5/1
Total conc, ppm 500
% inhibition 95
SI 0.92
ZnPT+chlorotoluron at ratio 1:5 to 5:1 exhibited a synergy.

Claims (6)

The invention claimed is:
1. A synergistic antimicrobial composition comprising chlorotoluron and zinc pyrithione.
2. The synergistic antimicrobial composition of claim 1, wherein the weight ratio of the zinc pyrithione to chlorotoluron is from 1:5 to 5:1.
3. A method of inhibiting the growth of or controlling the growth of microorganisms in a building material, the method comprising the step of adding the synergistic antimicrobial composition of claim 2 to the building material.
4. A coating composition comprising the synergistic antimicrobial composition of claim 1.
5. A coating composition comprising the synergistic antimicrobial composition of claim 2.
6. A dry film made by a process comprising applying a layer of the coating composition of claim 5 to a substrate and drying the coating composition or allowing the coating composition to dry.
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