US936856A - Furnace for uniformly heating metals. - Google Patents

Description

W; N. BEST. FURNAUE POR UNIPORMLY HEATING METALS. lAPPLICATION.ILED NOV. 27, 1908. y

9'3-6Q856, Patented 0t.12,1909. 2 SIHBETSSHBBT 1.

W. N. BEST.

- PURNAOB FOR UNIFORMLY HEATING METALS.

nPLIoATIoN FILED Nov. 2'1, 190s.

936,856. Patented ocu. 12,1909. 2 SHEETS-SHEET 2.

O I i Z9 JZf A O A y I l I n l 4l I 1 11+ JZ lz fig. 36 36 36 ATTO/MIE YS WILLIAM NEWTON Bns'r, or' NEW YonK,j n. Y.

FUACE FOB UNIFORMLY METALS.

I Specification of Letters Patent;

Patented oet. 12, 1909;-

- VApplication filed November 27, 190B. lSerial No. 464,529.

To all lwhom 'it may concern.: Beit known that I, VILLIAM NnWToN BEST, a citizen of the United Sta-tes, and a resident of the city of New York, borough of Brooklyn, in the'county of Kingsand `State of New York, have invented a new and Imp/oved -Furnace V for Uniformly Heating i etals, yof which the .following'is a full, clear, and exact description.

This invention relates to certain improvements. in furnaces adapted for use in heat-A ing forgings.\castings, or in the melting of metals, and the object of the invention is to so construct the furnace that the temperature of all the parts'of the heating chamber will be the same. In my improved 'furnace it is entirely immaterial vWhether a ,piece of `metal be placed in one end of the furnace or the other, as the temperature uniform throughout the heating space. I accomplish this object by delivering Ithe gases of combustion-to the furnace beneath the supporting door thereof and admit them to the heating space above the Hoor through a plurality of separate entrance openings.

Reference is to be' had to the accompanying drawings, forming a part of this specifica."-V

tion, in which similar characters of reference indicate corresponding parts in all the figures, and in which-. l

A Figure 1 is a vertical longitudinal section through a furnace constructed in accordance with` my invention; Fig. 2 is a top plan view thereof; Fig. 3 is a vertical transverse section; and Fig'. 4 is a vertical longitudinal section showing a slightly .modified form of furnace. u

The exterior walls of my improved furnace may be constructed in any .suitabh` manner, so as to withstand the extremely high temperatures and to prevent the radiation of an excessive amount of heat. In the specific form illustrated` I provide an outer 'shell or casing formed of channel irons 1() having their flanges bolted or 'rivetedtogether` and inside of thisl casing I provide thick sidewalls 1l of highly refractory material. The yside walls support an arched roof 19. which terminates adjacent an 'end Wall 13, and between the side Walls at the bottom isA alloo'r 13a. The interior of the furnace is subdivided into a heating chamber 14 adapted to receive the articles to be heated, and a heat-distributing vchamber 15 directly below the same. The two 4chambers areseparted by ya horlzontall partition or chamber.

floor 16 which directly supports the "articles to be heated and is itself heated by the exposure of the under side to the heat-distributing cham-ber below. The floor 1G is supportedfuponinner side walls 17 substantially par l-lel tothe main side Walls 11 but spaced therefrom. This space is subdivided- `by vertically-extending blocks 18, so as to leave vertical passagevvays 19 extending upu'afrdly Ibetty/"een the edge of the floor 16 and 'the side Walls.

These passageways 19 communicate with the heating chamber through openings 2O in the Walls 17 but'above the lower edges of the latter. The passageways 19`I-communicate at their upper ends with the interior of the heating chamber 11 and `the gases are deflectedoutwardly from the,y

passageways 1f) by lining blocks Q1 resting upon-the tops of the spacing blocks 18;

At one end of the furnace there is provided a combustion chamber 22. substantially triangular or fan-shaped inhorizontal sec'- tiolfand having its: inner end of nearly the same' width as the Jdistrib'uting chamber 15 and communicating therewith. The comlius'-` tion' chamber may be formed by parallelv top and bottom walls 23' and converging side:

' Walls Q4 extending out beyond the outer survface of the -end wall 13 and heldin placeby a metal reinforcing casing 25. At -the outer endof the combustion chamber there is' disposed a burner from which the flamev and gases yof combustion enter the combustion chamber and spread out or diverge tothe entire Width of @the distributing chamber.

' The combustion chamber is centrally located and as the gases emerge therefrom they passy along the several entrance openings` 9() iu the inner side walls 1T and thence upwardly through the passages 19 to the main heating is heated by the large number of streams of flame or gases .of'eombustion entering laterially along thesides. A\ny suitable form of burner or fuel may be employed at the'outcr `end of the combustion clu\inl e1'. but I prefer-4 ably employ al burner J6 of the type shown "in my previous patent No. 759,195, granted February 16.1904. and `in -ivhich a tliquid fuel is vaporizedby a stream of compressed air or steam, and the combustion facilitated The floor 16 is heated from the by the admission of a further supporter of combustion delivered through a lower pipe 27. The liquid fuel is vaporlzed and spread `out 1n substantially a fau-shaped stream nearly filling the combustion chamber, and v .furnace shown in Figs. l,

the oxygen or oxygen-bearing gas admit-ted 4through the pipe 27 converts the vapor lnto a sheet of iiame which travels along the distributing chamber and through the various Iopenings into the heating chamber.

The arched roof 12 may be `provided with suitable outlet openings or ports' 28, through whichV the inert gases may escape from the furnace, and the size of these openings may be readily controlled by closures in the form ofv blocks 29 of refractory material which may be slid over the corresponding openings. In delivering air through the conduit 27 to support combustion, it 1s necessary that the ports 28 be opened to a considerable extent as only approximately twenty per cent. of the air has any'value in facilitating the combustion,the remaining eighty per cent. being nitrogen, an inert gas.

My improvedfurnace is especially adapted' for the use ofoxygen gas, one-fifth as much of which need be employed as is required of air. lVhen oxygen is used, the ports 28 may be partially closed. The articles to be heated may be admitted to the fur nace in any suitable manner, but, as shown, I provide acharging door 30 of a width substantially equal to the widthv of the hea-ting chamber and adapted to itbetween the side walls l1 at one end of ,the arched roof. The .closure may have a lining lwof refractory material and van outermetal casing 32. The 'closure is preferably provided with a peephole 33, and at the outer surface of the furnace and substantially in alinement with the upper surface 'of the floor 16, there is preferably provided a shelf or ledge 34 upon which artlcles may in the furnace.

In using my improved furnace the atomizing agent passing through the burner andA theA auxiliary air or oxygen blast, are increased or decreased until an adjustment is secured whereby an even distribution of heat in the furnace is attained and maintained.. In case steam is used as a Vaporizing agent, it is necessary to admit a greater uantity of air or oxygen through the conuit l27 than is'required in case compressed air is used 'as an atomizer. I do not wish to l ing points, such as lead, Zinc, solder and 'the like. When the furnace is to be used. for this purpose I preferably admit the ladles to be heated through openings in the top of KLthe furnace rather than through an end 4charging door.

' In Fig. 4 have shown a furnace very, similar in most respects to the .the inert gases is preferably formed in one be supported prior to insertion 2 and 3, but the top or roof is provided with charging openings 35 'through which the ladies may be admitted and each charging opening has its own closure 36. The outlet port 28xl for 70 end of the furnace and preferably the same endthat has the combustion chamber and gas nozzles. The partition or Hoor 1G which separatesithe heating chamber from the distributing chamber, is preferably provided with blocks 37 upon which the ladles or crucibles may be placed so that they will be uniformly heated. The passages 19,

through which the gases are admitted from -beneath the floor 16, areJ preferably elongated rather than square, so that the heat will be distributed more evenly against the lower portions of the ladies.

Havmg thus described my invention, I 35 claim as new and desire to secure by Letters Patent:

1. A furnace for heating metals having a heating chamber, a distributing chamber beneath the same and. se arated therefrom by a horizontally-dispose( floor or artition, a row of passages extending vertica ly and disposed along opposite edges of the partition, baiiles within said heating chamber and directly above said passages for delecting the gas from said passages across the upper surface of said partition, and means for delivering flame and gases of combustion, lengthwise of .the distributip chamber and along the lower ends of said vertical 'passages. v l2. A furnaceforileating metals having a heating'chamber, a distributing chamber beneath the same and separated therefrom by a horizont-ally-disposed iioor or partition, a 1 05 row of passages extending vertically and disposed along opposite edges ofjhe partition, baffles within said heating chia-mber and directly above said passages for (reflecting the gas from said passages across tlfe upper 110 surface of said partition, means for delivering vflame and gases of combustion lengtlk wise of\the distributing chamber and along the lower ends of said vertical passages, a burner disposed ,adjacent one end of said 115 distributing chamber, and means for delivering oxygen to said combustion chamber below said burner.

furnace for heating metals having walls'inclosing a heating chamber, auxiliary 120 Awalls within said firstmentioned walls, a

4utiiig chamber, vertically-disposed blocks for sub-dividing the space between the main l2'5 lwalls and the auxiliary walls into a plurality of vertically-disposed passages communicating at their lower ends with the distributing chamber, and baffie blocks within the heating chamber above the plane of said partition -and iestingjfiifin 4the upper said passages, acrossihefl'or or partition',

and means-adjacent one end of the distributing" chambe'r for delivring fiame and Agases of combustion. longitudinally thereof.

namel to this specifica'toxi in thovp'resehce of Y two subscribing witnesses. WILLIM- BEST.

' B. MAiAisHALo,

, V C LAIR'W. FAngBANK.

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