US935567A - Elastic-fluid turbine. - Google Patents

Description

G. ESTINGHOUSE.

- B TIC FLUID TURBINE.

APPLICATION FILED r113. 10, 1908.

C; gg i Att ANS QM- m I I L, ATTORNEY parallel flow primary stage UNITE GEORGE WESTINGHOUSE, OF EITTSBURG, E ENN SYLVANIA, ASSEGNGR TO THE {EYEiSTv INGHOUSE MACHIHE CQMPANY, A.-CQEFQ-EATIQN 43F PENNSYLVANIA Specification of Letters Patent,

Patented Sept. 23. lit-n3.

Original application filed June 24, 1903, Serial No. 162,910. Divided and this application filed February 10,

1998-. Se ial No. 415,088.

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, Gnonon l ins'rrncnoose, a citizen of the United States, and resident of Pittsburg, in the county of Allegheny and State of Pennsylvania, have in vented a new and useful Elastic-Fluid Turjects, which will readily appear to one skilled in this art, I attain in the turbine illustrated in the accompanying dra ings which form part of this application. I

The turbine illustrated comprises a single and a divided secondary or low-pressure stage through the divisions of hich the exhaust fluid from the primary stage flows in opposite directions. In the turbine illustrated as embodying my invention the initial or primary stage consists of inwardly-discharging nozzles and alternate rows of rotating blades and stationary directing vanes. The nozzles are adapted to partially expand the motive fiuid delivered to them and thereby convert portion of its thermal and pressure energy into kinetic energy in the form of fluid velocity. The moving blades are so constructed that they fractionally abstract the available kinetic energy 01": the motive fluid delivered to them. The fluid discharged from the initial stage delivered to a rest or pressure chamber which is formed ,in the rotor and located midway between the ends of the turbine. The pressure chamber is provided with two rows of oppositelydischarging reaction nozzles, each row or which delivers motive fluid to a section of a divided low-pressure stage. The reaction nozzles are rearwardly inclined so as to utilize the reactive torce of the motive fluid passing throughfthem in imparting energy to the turbine. The longitudinal or axial thrust of 7 one row of nozzles on the rotor occasioned by the longitudinal component of the reac tive force is balanced by an equal and opposite thrust of the other row. The separate sections of the divided low-pressure stage are bilaterally symmetrical and located on opposite sides of the pressure chamber. The iiuid discharge from the symmetrical sections of the low-pressure stage is received by exhaust passages which are formed in the turbine casing at each end of the rotor and which connect with a. common condenser or the atmosphere, as desired.

In the drawings accompanying this application and forming a part thereof: Figure. 1 is a partial section through the turbine, illustrating my invention;' and Fig. 2 is a transverse section taken on the line AA of Fig. l.

The turbine herein illustrated and described as embodying my invention may-be operated by any exphnsible fluid, but since steam is the fluid ordinarily employed in turbines of this type, the use of this fluid will hereinafter, for convenience, be referred to without any intention of limiting the invention to such specific use.

The casing a of the turbine consists of a cylindrical portion, shown in the drawings; and end portions, (not shown) which are secured on each end of the cylindrical porien by means of the. annular flanges 7. The casing Al is provided with an integrallytormed steam chamber 5 which commnniates with a source or" steam supply and which supplies steam to one or more nozzles 6. A rotor element 8, which consists of a number of parts clamped together by screws 9, is keyed or otherwise rigidly mounted on a shaft 11, which extends through the casing co-axially with the cylindrical portion and ed by suitable bearings not I l=..=:ated exterior to the casing. The casing t entirely incloses the rotor element and is provided with. suitable packing glands (not shown) at the joints between it and the shaft 11. The nozzles 6 are adapted to expand the steam supplied to them and thereby convert a portion of the thermal energy into kinetic energy in the form of that the The blades 12 are so form, icy absorb by iota portion 0:; 3 litinetic an'-.-':L-In1'1ularrow of blades 19 mounted onthe- 21 ?s'ages'oftheturbine is directedinwardly or energy contained in the. steam anddischarg'e the steam into a row [of adjacentstationary vanes I4 mounted on the stator.

I The vanes 14 serve to. redirect'the' flow of steam and to deliver it in themostefiici'ent manner to an annular rowof, blades 15 inountedon the flange-"I3; -"Tlie' blades 15 abstract there- I kinetic energy in-the steam and de- I ver'rthe-steam. into an annular chamber 16 formedjinthe. rotor elementi8. Up to this the steam in traversing the fluid passubstantially radially,b it in its further passage through the turbine it is divided and caused to flow axially and in opposite direca tions through bi-laterally symmetrical workm t energy'in theform of fluid velocity and deliver it to additional working passages of the turbine. The steamv discharged from one set of nozzles 17 on one side of the chamber 16operates' in the same manner as that dis: charged from the oppositely located set and for that reason only one-half of thebilaterally symmetrical portion'of the working e passage of the turbin will be described,

j'I-The steamdischarged by the revolving fjnozzle's'.;l7f is received stationary- {vanes v18, mounted on directs the steam anddelivers it to rot'or.'- The blades 19 absorb abortion of the velocity energy of'the steam and deliver it to stationary vanes '20 whichredirect and deliver the. steam to an annular row of blades 21, .The blades 21 abstract all the re 'maining energy of the steamjand discharge 1t into the exhaustpassages of the turbine.

The steam discharged from the nozzles 6 in traversing the radially or inwardly-ex tending'pa'ssages does not occasion a lateral .or longitudinal thrust 'ofthe rotor element;-

The nozzlesl? are rearwardly disposed'with reference to the direction of rotation of the rotor and so arran edthat the reactive force of the steam is utlli-zed in driving the turbineh The longitudinal oraxial thrust on the rotor, caused by the axial component of the reactive force 'of 'one row. of nozzles, is

counterbalanced by an: equal and opposite.

' thrust'of' the other rowofnozzles.

" Interleaving seals 22, which consist of annular grooves formed in the rotor element,

and annular ridges or strips, -formed or 60-;mounted on the stator creasing, are located 1 fbetween thecasing and therotor at either .side-ofthechambefflG. The seals are pro- .vided, -one'to prevent leakage of the steam 1 nozzles 6 around the'blades' 12 and 153ml the M 116, and the other to prevent leakage of st creased by increasing the number of st-ation-- ary nozzles G and the numbero'f reaction --ity energy and re-action stages ozzle's 17, formed in the rotor elementat' by an ann l-ar row of hecasing, to. the nozzle outlet or chamber into which the said blades, a series of. expansion nozzles,

I steam imp'in eam from the chamberjlfi into the fluid passages of lower pressure of" the turbine.

The capacity of the turbine may be in-' nozzles 17; and various other modifications may be madeand still fall within the spirit and scope of this invention. VVhat- I claim is:

1; In an elastic fluid turbine, an impulse stage employinga plurality of rows I of moving blades' for fractionally abstracting veloc onflopposite' sides of the impulse stage and inopen communicationlther'e'with. j

.2. In a fluid-pressure turbine, thecombination with a "casing having a chamber for.

. the, fluid and one or morenozzles leading. therefromto the interior of the casing, of'a rotary member, mounted Within the casing and having an annular chamber, one or more sets of'bladesinterposed between said chamlber and the said-nozzle or nozzles, a series of expansion nozzles extending-laterallyfrom'9Q sald chamber and one or more sets of alternatingbladesan'd guide-vanes in position to receive the steam fromsaid nozzles.

In a fluid-pressure turbine, the combination with a casing having a chamber and the interior of the casing, ofa rotary'l nember having oneor more sets of blades adjacentleading laterally from said chamber and one or more sets of blades against. which the fluid-impinges as itleaves said nozzles."

4. In a-- steam turbine, the combinationwith a casing'having a steam chamber'and one or more nozzles leading therefrom to the interior, of the casing, ofarotary mem I her having an annular steam chamber, one

or more sets of blades 'betwe'en said chamber, and said nozzleor nozzles, one or more nozzles" leading laterally from said: chamber and one or more sets of bladesa ainst whichthe ges'as' it issues I rom said lateral nozzle 0r nozzles! v 5. In a steam turbine, the combination 7 with a casing having a chamber and one or more nozzles leading therefrom} to the interior of the casing, of a rotarymember having a steam chamber, blades between said chamberia'nds'aid nozzle or nozzles, and nozzles leading laterally "from said chamber and sets of blades against which the steam im jpinges' as it issues from said lateral nozzles.

6. In a steam* turbine, the combination 5 with a casing having a steamchamber and one or more nozzles leading therefrom to the interior of the casing, of a rotary member having an annular steam chamber, one .01'

more sets'of-blades between the said annular 1 9 one or-m'ore nozzles extendlng therefrom-to outlets, an annular fluid exhausts from. 1 9.

I leading. laterally from said annular chamber and sets of bladesagainst which the steam impinges as it issues from said lateral nozzles,-said casing being provided with guide vanes adjacent to each set of blades with which the rotary member is provided. I

7. In a fluid pressure turbine, the co1nbi nation with a casing having a chamber for thefiu'id and one or more nozzles leading therefrom to the interior of the casing, of a rotary member mounted in the casing and having a chamber, blades interposed between said chamber and said nozzle or nozzles, nozzles extending from said chamber, the nozzles being at angles to the direction of flow of the steam between the blades, and blades and guide vanes in position to receive the steam from said last named nozzles.

In testimony whereof, I have hereunto subscribed my name this fifth day of February, 1908.

v GEO. WESTINGHOUSE. Witnesses (31210. J. TAYLoR, J No, S. GREEN.

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