US900781A - Dynamo-electric machine. - Google Patents

Description

Witnesses :j

` APPLIUATION FILED M1111, 1905.

H. G. REIST. DYNAMo BLBOT'BIG MACHINE.

2 SHEETS-SHEE' 1.

"""""" 'l 'Invetorz Henry G. Heist,

Htt'g Patented 00u-13.1908.

H. G.- RBIST.

. DNAMo ELECTRICl MACHINE. v

Iventor: Henn; G. Heist,

by J

Wittig UNITED sra-'ras rArENr oEEioE.

HENRY e.' RE'isr, OE soHENEoTADY, NEWYORK, AssiGNoR TO GENERAL ELECTRIC OOM- PANY, A CORPORATION or NEW YORK.

DYNAMo-ELECTRIC MACHINE.-

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented oca 1 1908.

To all 'whom 'it may concern:

yBe it known that I, HENRY G. REIsT, a citizen of the United States, residing at Schenectady, in the county of Schenectady and State of New York, have invented cervtain new and useful Improvements in Dyna-y nio-Electric Machines, of which the following iof visaspeciiication.

' lTheobject ,of my present invention is to improve the construction and arrangement of collector-.rings of dynamo-electric -machines. .The collector ring construction which I have invented is peculiarly adapted for use in machines such as induction motors wherel it is desirable, atI certain stages in the opera! separate' circuits, an y atk other sta es in the understanding of m operation of the machine to have t e collec- 'torrings short-circuited together. 'l y My present invention also comprises certain novelifeatures of construction and ai:-

rangement of the short-circuiting means for the collector-rings and the brushes connecting thecollector-rings in separate jcircuits. In this connection I have devised acertain novel short-circuiting device and have intere locked the short-circuiting device `with the brushes connecting the :collector-rings in separate circuits so that the brushes cannot .be removed from the 4position ofdopei'ative yengagement with the collector-rings except when the collector-rings are short-circuited, thus doing away with the liability oi having the surface of the collector-rings or brushes injured by sparking.

' The features of novelty which characterize my invention are pointed out with particulari ty in the claims annexed to and forming a part of this specification.l For a`better invention, however, reference may be ha( to the accompanying drawings and description in which I have illustrated and described oneof ,the forms in which my invention may be embodied.

y VOf the drawings, Figurel is a sectional elevation on the line 1 1 of Fig. 2 showin a con- -struction embodying my'invention.; ig. 2 is a plan view ofthe assembled collector-rings; Fig. 3 is a plan view of the short-circuiting device; Fig. 4 is an elevation showing a detail of the short-circuiting device; Fig. 5 is a. lan view of the construction shown'lm Fig. 1 hg. G is a diagram illustrating certain circuit arof which collector rings are secured by means of which, and the coperating brushes, etc.,

resistances may be inserted in the circuits olj .5,5 the rotor windings to facilitate the starting of the machine. To the upper end of the shaft 1 an annular member2 is secured by bolts 3 tapped into the end of the shaft and extending parallel thereto. studsy or posts 4 project upward from the up per side of the menibei' 2 to which they are preferably integrally connected. Each of tlv;l posts 4 has a threaded'opening formed in its Four similar y uppenend into which is secured the lower end o a stud bolt 5 which extends 'parallel to the shaft 1. Each ost 4 is also formed with an inwardly-exten ing projection 6, the purposev of which will be hereinafter described.

Three collector rings, 7, 8 and 9, are placed :i

on the bolts 5. The collector rings 7 and 9 are counterparts. .Each comprises an iiiternal annular portion 10 and an outer annue lar portion 11. The annular vortions 10 and 1 1 of each ring are connected ily four radially extending arms A12. The arms 12 are formed with holes to receive the supporting bolts 5. In the collector- rings 7 and 9 theouter ends of the arms 12 are l:bent so that the annular portion 11 of each ring is not in the sai-ne plane with the bodies of the arms 12 and the annular portion 10 of the same collectorring.- In assembling the collector-rings the collector- rings 7 and 9 are reversed -witli res ect to each other sothat the annularpor- I tion 11 of the collector-rinor 7 is below itsaiinular portion 10 while, in tIiecollector ring 9, the annular portion 11 is above the annular portion 10. The collector-ring 8 is similar in construction to the collector-rings 7 and 9y except that the outer ends of its arms 12 are straightK and its annular portion 1'1 corre. spending to the annular portion 11 of the other collector rings is symmetrically placed. with respect to its arms 12 and annular p'ortion .10`

\ Each bolt 5 is surrounded by a tube 13 of suitable material which insulates the colleotor-rings from the bolts. YVashers. ljtcare strung -along the bolt to separate` the collector-rings from each other, the ends of the j the intermediate brush with the collectorposts 4, and an upper end member' 16. end member 16 comprises a tubular portion 17 from which arms 18 extend. The arms 18 are formed with openings through which the bolts pass. The collector-ring construction locked rmlyin place by 'clamping nuts 19 which are screwed on to the outer threaded ends of the studs `and bear against the outer surface of the arms 18.

The outer surfaces of the annular portions 11 and 11 `of the collector rings are cylindrical and concentric with the shaft i1 as are the inner peripheries of the annular portions and 10 and the inner periphery of the tubular member 17. The internal diameter of the latter is equal to the internal diameter of the annular portions 1() and 10. The collector- rings 7, 8 and 9 are provided each with a radially-extending arm or projection 7 S and.9, respectively, from the inner annular portions of the collector-rings. These projections are located between adjacent pairs of arms 12 or 12. As shown in F ig. 2, the projections 7, 8 and 9 are staggered with The outer terminals 20 of three suitable conductors 21 are connected one each to the projections 7, 8 and Q by bolts .21 passing through the projections' and tapped in to the terminals. The conductors 21 pass into the bore of the shaft 1,` which is mad'e hollow to receive them, and

` are connectedat their innerends to the winding of the rotor of the machine in a manner not shown.

A pair of bolts or shafts V26 are swiveled in bosses formed on the upper side of a suitable stationaryT support 25 which may be the end member of the motor proper. The shafts 26 are similar to each other and are each parallel to.the shaft 1. The shafts near their u per endshave bearings inV openings forme for the urpose in a disk-sha ed member 27 whic 1 is supportedrby a she l 28, arc-shaped in cross-section, the lower end of which rests on and is secured to the supporting member 25. The member 27 is secured to the -upper end of the shell 28 by bolts 29, and is formed with a centrallyflocated aperture 30 in which-l an annular iiange projecting from the underside of a lever or member 31 has a rotatable fit. One end of the lever 31 is formed with two o en-ended slots 32 separated from each other y the same angle from the axis of the shaft 1 as are the bolts or shafts 26. U on each shaft 26 are secured three brush-hol ers 33.

The brush-holders v which engages the external periphery of the outer annular portion of the appropriate col' lector-ring. The brushes on each shaft are arrangedone above the other, the upper brush cooperating with the collector-ring 9 A. shell of insulating material 32 sur-` rounds each bolt 26 and insulates ,thebrushes from the shafts.

each carry a brush 34 of the ordinary form The j ring 3, and the lower brush with the collectorring 7. lt will be understood that each shaft 26 and brushes carried by it are duplicat es of the other shaft and brushes. To the upper end of each shaft 26 is rigidly secured an arm 35. Each arm 35 is provided with a downwardly-extending projection 36 which engages with the walls of the corresponding slot 32. It will be readily understood that by oscillating` the lever 31 between the stops 37 on the member 2,7 the brushes can he moved from the position shown in lfig. 5, in which case they engage the collector-rings, to the` position where they do not engage the collector-rings.l The short end of the lever 31 carries between the slots 32 an arc-shaped projection orguard 37. A transverse slot is formed in one end of the guard 37. I A .lever 40 is pi'voted between ears 41 formed for the purpose on the upper side of the number 27 to turn in the axial plane passing midway between the bolts 26. Between its ends vthe lever 40 is formed with a slot 42 through which passes a rod 43 placed with its axis in line with the axis of the shaft' 1. The rod 43 slides in an opening in the lever 31 and in another openin in an inverted U-shaped support 44, lie ends of which are secured tothe lever 31. r1`he ends of a 'pin 45, passing transversely through the rod 43, extend into slots 43 formed for the purpose in the lever40, the arrangement being such that when the lever 40 is oscillated about its pivoted point of support, the rod 43 is reciprocated in the direction of its length, The lower end of the rod 43 has loosely and rotatably mounted on it between collars 46 a member 46 provided on its outer surface with three longitudinally-extending ribs 47. v

A' short-circuiting brush 48 is secured to- Each short-cirof the plates 50 are bent so as to extend ra-l dially. In the construction shown in the drawings there are four plates 50 in each brush. The plates 50 are formed each with two horizontal kerfs extending in from each vertical edge of the brush, thus separating each plate 5() into six fingers 50 which are so arranged and proportioned that a pair of fingers one at each side ofthe plate bears against the inner periphery of the inner annular portions of the collector-rings 7, S and 9, when the rodv43 is in its lower position, in whichjcase the brushes 48 short-circuit the collector-rings.

yWhen the lever 40 is elevated the brushes 48 are moved upward out of engagement with the collector-rings into the position in which they bear against the inner periphery of the .tubular member 17, thel friction between the brushes and the inner periphery of tha member 17 being sufficient to prevent displacement of the short-circuiting brushes whichfis so placed with reference to the l the resistance conductors area connected tovbefore described renders it impossible to' 'rings when in engagement with-them though `sition 'shown in Fig. 5 where the brushes .34

to give a three-phasel Y-connection.

' wear of the brushes and of the collector-rings.

brushes causes the latter to engage the col-2.

from occurring easily.: When the lever is down the short-circuiting device is supported by the projections 6 from the posts 4. The lever O is provided with a projection 51 guard'or projection 37 that the lever 40 can be moved out of the position shown in Fig. 1 only when the lever 31 is turned to the poare in engagement with the collector-rings.

In other words, the brushes 34 can belmoved out of enga ement with the collector-ring only when t e short-circuiting brushes arev in the position shownin Fi 1.

In the diagram shown in Fig. 6, 60, 61 and 62 represent the rotor windings. One' set of ends of the windings isconnected togethler T ie other ends of the `windings are connected through the leads or conductors 21 to the collector- rings 7, 8 and 9.,l The brushes cooperating with the exter al surface of the collector-rings are donne -ted by suitable conductors 63, 64 and 65 to resistance conductors 66, 67y and 68. The other endsof gether to give a Y-connectio It will thus be observed that when the brushes engage the collector-rings the resistances are cut into the proper circuit relations with the windings 60, 61 and 62 to facilitate the starting of the motor, provided the. short-circulting brushes are in the inoperative position. as shown in the diagram. INhen, however, the short-circuitin device is in the position in which the co lectOr-ringsare all connected together the resistances are shortcircuited.

Interlocking the short-circuiting brushes and the other brushes in the manner hereinmove the brushes 34 out of enga ement with the collector-rings eccept when t e collectorrings are short-circuited.` In consequence, no injurious sparking between the brushes.` and the collector-rings can take place from ai separation of brushes and collector-rings while current is flowing through the brushes. At the same time the brushes may be moved out of engagement with the collector-rings when the latter are short-circuited to prevent The brushes on Vthe short-circuiting device are so proportioned that the resiliency of the.

lector-rings with considerable force, thus establishing good electrical connections. It will be readily understood that the short-circuiting device rotates with the collectorthe rod 43 does not.

The lcollector-ring construction described possesses advantages when used without the short-circuiting device as it is simply and strongly built and is well ventilated.

It will be obvious that changesmay be made in the form in which my invention is embodied without departing-from' its spirit. What I claim as new, and `desire to secure by Letters Patent of the United Statesis,--

1. I n combination, a rotatingybody, collector rings secured thereto, each of'said collector rings being provided with a cylindrical external contact surface and .with a .cyliny drical internal contact' surface, and brushes for engaging each of said surfaces, each of said brushes for the internal-'contact surface being arranged to engage all the collector rings and thereby short-circuit them.

- 2. In a dynamo electric machine, a rotating shaft, a set of collector rings each having able into and out of position in which itengages the inner contact surfaces ofthe collector rings to electrically connect them to! gether, said device comprisin brushes, each of said brushes engaging all t e'rings'in the short-circuiting position.

3. In combination, a set of collector rings' each of which has two contact surfaces, a set. of coperating brushes'rnovable into and out of position in which they engage one of the contact surfaces 0n each ring, the brush or- Y brushes engaging each collector ring being insulated from the others, short-circuiting means movable into and out of the position in which it engages the others of said contact surfaces toelectrically connect the collector. rings together, a lever ivoted to turn in one plane for moving said s ort-circuiting means, a lever pivoted to turn in a plane at right langles to the first-mentioned plane to move the brushes into and out of position in which they engage the collector rings, and an interica locking connection between said levers whereby the' brush-operating means can be o eratively moved only when the rings are s ort-circuited. i Y

` 4. In combination, a set "of collector rings each ofwhich has two contact surfaces, a set of brushes movable into and out of the position in which they engage one of the contact surfaces on each ring, the brush or brushes engaging each collector ring being insulated from the others, short-circuiting means Inovable into and out of the position in which it engages the otherof said contact surfaces to electrically connect the collector rings together, a lever pivoted to turn `in one plane for moving said short-circuiting.means, a lever pivoted to turn in a plane at right angles I to the first-mentioned plane to move the brushes into and out of position in which they engage the collector rings, and an interlocking connection between said levers 'whereby the brush-operating means can be operatively moved only when the rings are short-circuited, said interlocking means comprising a portion on Aone of said levers which engages the other lever to prevent the operation of the first-mentioned lever except when the second lever is in a predetermined posi- A tion.

5. In combination, a rotating shaft, collector rings each having an internal cylindrical g contact surface secured to the shaft with said surfaces concentric with the shaft, atubular support secured to the end of the shaft having its inner surface concentric with the shaft, a short-circuiting device, and means for moving it from the position in which it engages the inner contact surfacev of the collector rings to a position in which it is engaged and supported by the friction of the inner surface of said support.

6. In a dynamo electric machine, a stationary member, a rotating element, collector rings carried thereby, brushes, a lever lpivoted to said support for moving said "\"`orushes.into and out of engagement with said so collector rings, a device for short cin-.uiting said collector rings comprising a lever pivoted to said support independentl of the first mentioned lever, and an inter ocking connection between said levers whereby the brushes can be moved out of engagement with the collector rings only when the collector rings are short circuited by said device.

7. In a dynamo electric machine, a rotating shaft, collector rings carried thereby,

40 brushes insulated from each other in coperative relation with said collector rings, a

stationary support, a lever pivoted thereon for moving said brushes into and out of position in which they engage the collector rings,

a short-circuiting device for the collector rings, a lever for operating it also pivoted to said support, and an interlocking connection between said levers for preventing operation of the brush moving lever except when the short circuiting device is in a predetermined position. v

8. In combination, a set of rotating collector rings each provided with internal and external contact surfaces concentric with the axis of rotation, cooperating brushes for the external contact surface, a short-circuiting device having a member upon which a second set of brushes'are mounted for engaging the interior contact surfaces, each brush of said 60 second setengaging all the rings in the shortcircuiting position, a support, a member carried thereby for movlng the brushes into and out of the position of engagement with the external surface ofthe collector rings, a device for operating the short=c1rcu1tmg device movably secured to said support, and an interlocking connection between said member and device for preventing a movement of the brushes out of engagement with the collector rings except when the latter are short-circuited by 'said device.

9.A In combination, a set of rotating collector rings each provided with internal and external contact surfaces concentric to the axis of rotation, brushes engaging the exterior contact surfaces, a short-circuiting device for engaging the interior contact surfaces, a stationary support, means mounted thereon for moving said brushes intov and out of engagement with the collector rings, means also mounted thereon for moving the short-circuiting device into and out of the position in which it connects the collector rings together, and interlocking connections between said means so ,arranged that the short-circuiting device can be moved out of the short-circuiting position only when the brushes are in engagement with the collector rings.

l0. In combination, a set of rotating collectorl rings provided with external and in- .ternal contact surfaces concentric to the axis of rotation, brushes engaging the exterior contact surfaces, a short-circuiting device for engaging the interior contact surfaces, a stationary support, a lever mounted thereon for moving said brushes into and out of engagement with the collector rings, a second ever also mounted thereon for moving the shortcircuiting device into and out of the position in which it connects the collector rings together, and an interlocking connection between the levers whereby the brushes can be moved out of engagement with the collector rings onlyv when the short-circuiting device is in the short-circuiting position.

11. Incombination, a rotating shaft, bolts connected to and extended from the ends thereof in a direction parallel to the axis of the shaft, a set of collector rings and an end member secured on said bolts, each of said collector rings having internal contact surfaces, said end member being formed With an opening inA it, and a short-circuiting device movable from the position in whichit is located in and supported by the -friction of the walls of said opening into the position in which it engages ,the inner Contact surfaces of said collector rings to connect them together electrically.

12. In combination, a set of rotating collector rings, brushes therefor, a device for i the brushes are in engagement with the collector rings. ,Y

` 13. In combination, a set of rotating co1- lector rings, brushes therefor, a device for f short-circuiting said collector rings, astationary support, means mounted thereon for y moving the brushes into and out of engagement with the collector rings, means for moving the short-circuiting device into and out of the position in which it connects the collector rings together, and interlocking connections between said means so arranged that the short-circuiting device can be moved out of the sho'rt-circuiting position only when the brushes are in engagement with the collector rings..

14. In combination, a set of rotating collector rings, brushes therefor, a device for cuiting device into and out of the position, in

which it connects the collector rings together, and interlocking connections between said 4 means so arranged that the short-circuiting device can be moved out of the short-circuitv ling position only when the brushes are ih engagement withthe collector rings.

.` 15. In combination, a set of rotating collector rings, brushes therefor, a device for short-circuiting said collector rings, a ivoted lever for moving the brushes into an out'of engagement with the collector rings, a memberfor moving the short-circuiting device.

`into and out of the position in which it connects the collector rings together, and interlocking connections between said member and said lever soarranged that the shortcircuiting device can be moved out of the short circuiting position only when the brushes are in engagement with the collector rings, said interlocking connections comprising a projection on said member which engages saidlever to prevent the operation of said shortercuiting device except when said lever is in apredetermined position.

16. In combination,`a set of rotating collector rings, brushes therefor, a device for short-circuiting said collector rings, a pivoted lever for moving the brushes into and out of engagement with the collector rings, a second lever for moving the short-circuiting device into and out of the position in which it connects the collector rings together, and

interlocking connections between said levers so arranged that the short-circuiting device can be moved out of the short-circuiting positions only when the'brushes are in encragement with the collector rings, said interlocking connections com rising a projection on one of said levers which engages. the other lever to prevent the operation of the secondmentioned lever except when the first lever is in a predetermined osition.

Inwitness whereof lphave hereunto set my hand this 16th day of February, 1905.

HENRY G. HEIST. VVitnessesr 'BENJAMIN B. HULL, HELEN ORFORD.

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