US905119A - Incandescent illuminant. - Google Patents

Description

0. M. THOWLESS.

INGANDESGENT ILLUMNANT.

APPLIUATION H LBD JULY 25, 1899.

905,1 1 V9.- Patented Nov. 24, 190s.

cam-Nuo M. THoWLEssf orzNEwARKfNEW JERSEY, assIeNoR '1-o H`13RBER'r'rnowLnsagl No. 9o5,'1'19.

' Lass,

. vorivnvg'raiu,NEW JERSEY. 'y I. frNcAnnEseEnTrLnUmNANm l incandescent' lamps.

' The object of myiinvention is to provide an incandescent illumina'nt-,- which, while consuming' less energy than the present tla ment, shall give a moresatisfactory and better iight;

' z My improved illuminant consists, inone of its forms, of a composite bodymadei of av mixture of conducting `"and non-conducting ive portion lummous,

' thoria, or

material, surroundcd,' with the exception: of the parts necessaryA lfor, Vconnectionl with proper terminal wires,1 fpartially or completely, with a body o -mater-'i'ahl which; though normally non-conductive," possesses the property of illuminating readily7 when heated andsubjected to th'eactilou of an elec-vw tric current.

Theluminant portion need' not be `acwith the fcomposite 'heat-ingtual Contact 4 body, but may surround, or .partially surand my invention consists in rendering the normally non-conduct'` through becomimga conductor when raised tureby the heat vcommunicated 4thereto by the heatingbody. f

In the accompanying drawing, Figure'l shows the luminant in the form of an incomf plete cylinder; Fig. 2, the luminant 'as a complete cylinder and Fig. 3, incomplete' lamp containing my new illuminant.

In all the figures, a 1s the lumlnant, the heatmg body, and c. c. .are terminal Wires.

In manufacturing this new illuminant,

non-conducting material, such as mfagnesia,

the same general characteristics,'and aconducting material, such as carbon, carbid of silicon, or some other conductonare' intimately mixed together, and formed into a heating body of poorelectrical conductivity as compared with carbon, which is surrounded or partially covered .i .j spciaesapa Letters Patent.' original ppiiqsion fusa mais, Vuna seau -Nefoaiea 'Divided f l sei-iai NQ. 725,113.

. a con State of New Jersey,

l descing illuminant. Thed pared, and simply form 1t to a suitable temperasome other oxid or substancej'of with a body of mate rial which, when hea-ted, possesses the.- property, under suitable conditlons,

of becoming dnetor of electricity,

and luminous.

'j Patented-mv. 2a, reos. j and thisapplicstiouledfulya,1895. d

l The body formed'of the 4mixture'of con ducting and non-conducting materials,l I A shall hereafter term the heating body. It may have the-Elementary form, orl be made into small rods or tubes, or buttons, otherform suitable to be given tov an heating body `is made of a mixture of nonfconductors, such as ozrid' ofmagnesium',- aluminum, or other oxid, and conductors auch'4 as carbon,`re fractory metal, or 'conducting metallic oxids, all ina state of yfine subdivision. .The portions inthe compoun'dare such that when lthorou hlyniixedjand brought into proper t form,t e heating body will be of high resista'conduetor to the desired'extent. v d Goodiresults maybe obtained with a heat- 111g body composed of ten parts of carbon (a conducting material) andabout ninety parts of oiiid of Vmagnesium (a non -conducting material),fbut these proportions will Vbe varied-'t'o' suit different voltages and different place of manuallyA mixcandle-,powers ance, as compared with carbonfand yetbe sofA ing the non-conducting and conducting ma- 'terials for' the heating body, I may employ;

in some instances a com ound already preinto the shape desired.

.carbids,l such, con, carbid of calcium, or anyother carbid 'possessing the' Athe heating Vbo or I may form the vmaterials forthejheatingbody into a plastic' state, and force them through holes, to form a heating body of uniform diameter. `Having thus prepared. the heating body, I surround it wholly or partially, or bring into proximity to it a combination of materials, which, when d formedfinto the desired shape, and cold, are

nonconductors of electricity, but when heated, 'become conductors, and luminous when traversed by an electric current. A

It is well-known in the art that certain substances which are non-conductors when 85 These' prepared compounds may be or lnstance, as carbid of siliroperqualities requisite for cold may become conductive' and luminous.

but with many of these'subheat' is necessary and even are conductive underV the potential current. -In 'my by an glower I find that it readily becomes conduct- I ive at a comparatively low temperature when traversed by an ordinary commercial Y current ranging from 100 to 220 volts, if said by applying sufficient heat cause conversion into the mlxture or combination of the refractory metallic oxids or the refractory metallic oxids may be obtained in any other way desired. When now a current is -s'ent through the heating body, heat is developed therein, and communicated to the lighting body, to such an extent that it becomes a conductor of electricity, and consequently, incandescent. l When the illuminant is completed, there is formeda body composed of two parts, the heating body and theiuminous or lighting body. The' heating body being of hlgh resistance, will pass only a smallcurrent which will be'transformed into heat, and this heat .willbe communicated to the luminous por- -.tion', which will thereby become a conductor,

land incandescent. vThe luminous portion has the'property of giving out a great amount of light with a comparatively small current,

thus forming a very economical and eicient illuminant.v

' The completed illuminant may be inclosed in a globe or bulb exhausted of air, or containing indiiierent gases; the leading-1nwires may be attached to both the heating and the luminous portion or the luminant may be operated in the open air in the old and well-known way.

' The term non-conducting is intended to apply to such bodies when cold, and when 'the word surrounded is used, it is understood that the bodies are in su'ch relation 'to each other that terminal wires may be connected to each separately, or to both at once, in some' cases the two portions of the illuminant not being in contact.

lVhat I claim is:

l. An illuminant for electrical incandescent lamps, consisting of a glower which is an insulator at ordinary temperatures and a relatively good conductor when heated, com-4 I posed essentially f a mixture of refractory metallic oxids, combined lwith a ameless heatin body arranged to heat the glower to a con ucting temperature.

2. An illuminant for electrical lincandescent lamps consisting of a glower which is a non-conductor at normal telnperatures but which becomes a good conductor when heated and which consists of a mixture of refractory metallic oxids, combined with an electrically heated body arranged to heat the glower to a conducting temperature prior to the passage of the lightin current.

3. AnA illuminant for e ectrical incandescent lamps having a heating body, a light giving body, normally non-conductive but a conductor when heated, inclosing the heating body and having fixed terminals for conducting current.

4. An im rovedglower for electrical incandescent amps which is a non-conductor at normal atmospheric temperatures but which readily becomes conductive and incandescent under the action of an electrical current when heated, oonsistin essentiall of a mixture of zirconium oxid, t orium oxid and aluminum oxid.

5. An illuminant for incandescent electric lamps, having a heating portion of hi h resistance as compared with carbon, and or its light-giving portion a body normally nonconductive, but possessing the quality of becoming conductive when heated.

6. In an illuminant for incandescent lamps, the combination of a heating body, a light-giving portion, normally non-conductive, but a conductor when heated, inclosing. but out of contact with, the heating body and terminal wires connected with the heating and lightiving portions respectively.

7. An illuminant for incandescent electric lamps having a high-resistance heating body and its light-giving portion in the form of an incomplete cylinder of refractory materials, the light-Giving portionl being out of contact with the heating ortion.

8. In an incandescent e ectric lamp of the class described, a heatin body composed essentially of carbid of si icon.

Signed atNew York .in the county of New York and State of New York this 24 day of July A. D. 1899.

` ORLANDO M. THOWLESS.

Witnesses:

WM. A. SroLAsco,

WM. LEMIEN.

' Original applicationv .filed March It is hereby certified that in Letters Patent No. 905,119, upon thev application of Orlan/do M. Thowless, ment in Incandescent Illuminants,

granted' ovemloe'2f1, 41908, of N evirark; N ew Jersejifol" an improprean error appearsl in t-h'e pivtet sfiecicton In linee of the heading, A `s, vr1999, Serial No. 708.168. Divided 'and ehi should be'stricken out, and the word f requiring correction,- as follows:

application shouid iconimencexyiiith a.: capital A; and that they said Letters Patent should be read with this correction therein that the same may conform to tihe ecord of the ycanse in the Patenti Oce. I

- signed and sealed this 16th day of March, A. D., 1909. l

[SEAL] o. o. vBILI,I1\IGs,

Acting Commissioner of Patente. y

the vwords nd figuresI

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