US899453A - Blowpipe. - Google Patents

Description

'l A. GEILBCHATELIBR.

BLOWPIPE..

ArrLxoA'rIou funn rma. 1a. no?.

- Patented Sept. 22,1908` i .EL 1

li l

UNITEDSTATES 'PATENT OFFICE:

ANDR GABRIEL LE cHATsLiaii, or iiAnsaiLLs, ramos, Assieiioa 'ro mi SOCIT LACETYLENE DISSOUS DU SUD-EST, OF` MARSEILLE, FRANCE.

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that l, Annan GABRIEL LE Crixia-tuali, a citizen 'ol the Republic of France, and resident vol Marseille, France,

have invented'new and usefulliiiproveinents 'i 10 the principle which consists in' imparting to the gaseous mixture, on its leaving the blowpipe, a velocity greaterl than that with which the llames is propagated in the saine gaseous mixture considered in the stat-e of repose., which velocity attains 20() meters per second for the oxy-acetylenic mixturef 't Experience demonstrates that the velocity of the gaseous mixture on leaving the blowpipe may experience momentary reductions of a certain importance, as a resultof various accidental causes, such'as introduction of foreign bodies in the nozzle or Vbody ofthe blowpipe, deficientoperation of the expandeis or otherlidevicessupplying the gases utilized, accidental compression ofi the india Arubbe'i tubesconducting the gases from these devices. to the blowpipa'etc.; these momentaij" reductions in the velocity of the gaseous 'mixture niillily the principle upon which the operation of the blow ipe is )ased and for thisreason in 'articu ar in oxy-acetylenic blowpipes, the ame frequently lights back,

whichtouls the a paratus and may even damage its essentia members, unless care be taken to close the gas supply cocks immediately.

The present invention has for its object the view to obviating these defects by utilizing the retarding action exerted upon the 40 propagation of the llame by the eooling influence of the walls ol' conduits` provided `with a si'iliciently small a erturc.

1t is an establislimrfact that the propagation ol' the ignition of a combustible gaseous mixture contained in a tube of small diametei' and in a condition of repose progrcssivel i decreases with the diameter, and that this result is attributable to the cooling action exerted upon the flame by the walls of the.

' 50 tube; this propagation velocity may even become 'm'l with a sufiiciently small diameter; in this case the llame is unable to propagate A`Yitself and becomes extinguished.

If the gaseous mixture instead of being in Specification of Letters Patent. appresso med reu-nary 15, 19m. serai No. 357,564.

Patented sept. 22, 190s,

`a condition of repose, has a velocity of its own in theinveise direction to that of the propagation of the flame; this velocity proper to 'itself will reduce that of the llame by a corresponding amount, even if it is only of small value, it will be sullicient to cause the extinction of the llame rovided the diameter of the tube sullicicnt y approximates the diameter with which the llame becomes extinguished with a gaseous mixture in the condition ofjrepose. To sum up, therefore, in

order" to prevent the propagation of the flame, two elements of essentially different natures are provided' in a tube of small diametcix l. lhe. coolingH inthience ..of` the walls, which increases as the diameter of the tubedccreascs, 2. The velocity proper to the gaseous mixture. Obviously it is advantageous to utilize the tiist of 4these two ele- V ments to the lar est possible extent for blowpipes because t ie method of its action deponds only upon the construction adopted, and cannot be rendered defective by accidental circumstances during the operation, contrary to what is the case, as already explained, with regard to the velocity of the gaseous mixture. l

The propagation velocity of the llame of mixtures containing oxygen, is generally very great, and the capillary tubes, that isto say tubes the diameter of which does not exceed some tenths ofa mm., are. the only t1 bes which exert a really cllicient retardrig action; if tubes of this nature, were employed in thek lconstruction of blowpipes, owin(r t-o the discharges which must uccessarilylie irovded for, it will be. essential citlier to multiply their number in order to obt ain an adequate total section, or to cause them to be traversed by the gascousinixture at velocities amounting to several thousand meters persecond, either of which cases i'esultsin great constructioual difficulties; the. same object may be attained in a simple and practical manner by substituting for capillary tubes annular passages of very small a erture, that is to say passages delimited y surfaces very close together, and

which passages by analogy will lhereinafter be termed annular capilla ry passa es. Their acrtures maybe sullicicntly sina l to insure t at the shall have, as regards the pro agation o the flame, a retarding action ana ogou's to that of capillary tubes, and, on the other hand, by appropriately increasing their' Vdiameter it is possible to'obta'in a see- A 'Asecond device is represented in Fiv. 3; tion for the passage of the mixture' which is the chamber b and the enlargement g oit the adequate for the blowpi ef f 1 rod e, instead ofbeing cylindrical are conical,

l The foregoing consii eratioris. will suilitheir walls being stil parallel; with this ar- 5 jci'ently, explain the principle o f the present. rangement, by displacing the rodfgit is pos- 70 invention, which. consists 4broadly iii intersible to adjust. exact-ly to the desired extent osing on the path of'the gaseous mixture, the aperture of the amiularcapillaiy passa e.- m blow ipesi'n which oxygen is employed, Any. other arrangement may however e an' anim ar capillary passage, which has forits employed in order to establish'in the path of 4object to prevent liglitin back cilicientlyV the gaseous mixture and atarclativelysinall 75 owing to the cooling action of its walls; this. distance from the discharge orifice a capilassaffe ma be located very close to the o'rilary passage intended te prevent'the lighting ce 0F the b owpipe; it' may be of any desired back of the flame. i form, but cylindrical and conical shapes are4 For certain applications, it may be d ethose most readily obtained. The a erture sirable to obtain a larger flame than that fiir- 8 of this passage could be made suihcicntly iiished by blowpipes with cylindrical orifices. small to insure thatthis alone will be'suil'iwhile at the saine'tinie maintaining a modercient to stop the flame, but in practice it is ate discharge otgas; the invention is particunot necessary to reach this extreme limit; lai'ly w ell adapted to attaining such an obgothe only important oint is that its action {ect} it is only necessary to prolong the annii- 5 should be sufficient y efficacious and prear capillary oriiiee 1n such a manner that it ponderant to stop the flame when the veconstitutes the actual discharge orifice of the ocity of the gaseous mixture experiences blowpipe; in this manner an annular flame is momentary re uctioris which may present obtained, to which any u sefiildiameter may themselves in the course of the operation of be given for a predetermined supply, by a 90 the blowpipe. propriately regulating the dimensions of t ie In order that my invention may be more eapillarypassage. This passage being proreadily understood reference will be had to longed as far asy the actual origin of the the accompanying drawings in which llame, is under the best possible conditions for Figures 1 and 4 are views in longitudinal Vpreventing it from lighting back. 95 section showin my improvement appliedto Very iverse arrangements may 'be ema blow pipe. Fig'. 2 is a cross section al view -ployed; the-capillary passage may be cylinon the line A A ofFig. 1. Fig. 3 is'a longii drical 'as far as the discharge orifice; instead tudinal sectional view showing a variation of of being cylindrical, it may be conical; finally.

3 5 the application of my improvement. Figs. 5 it may present a cylindrical part with conical 100 and 6 are cross-sectional views taken en end, this latter arrangement is that which lines B-B' and C-C of Fig. L gives the best results. The walls of the con- The invention may be carriedv into pracical extremity may be parallel or slightly ditiee by various means. When it is to be apvergent.

4r) plied to blowpipes provided with cylindrical Ff 4 represents the nozzle of a hlowpipe 105 discharge orifices, Ythe arrangement reprecomprising an annular cylindrical passage sented in Fig. 1 ofthe accompanying drawwith conical extremity, which forni is ading, and in Fig. 2, which represents a section vantageous for several a plications; Fig. 5 on the' line A-A of Fig. 1 may be adopted. represents a section on t ie line B-B and The mixture of oxygen and combustible Fig. 6 a section onthe line C-C. 110

"4 "as passes through a passage a, into a cylin- The gaseous mixture passes through a pas rical chamber b which ends in a conical part sage a into a cylindrical chamber b ending in c and the cylindrical orifice d; in this chamber a fuiste-conical part c; a rod e provided with a rod e provided with centeringribs fj' is arcentering rbsj'ffenters the chamber b after ranged, and comprises a cylindrical portion passing through a stufiirigbox r arranged be- 115 q terminating in a conical portion; this cylintween a shoulder of the casing and screw cap drical part, together with the walls of the p; at its extremity it carries a cylindrical chamber b, d elirnt the capillary assa e i-nenlargement s ending in a {ruste-conical part l tended for preventing the flame rom ightt. The walls of' the enlargement s and of its 55V ing back; the rod e is screw threaded where it extremity t, together with the walls of the 120 y asses through the bottom of the chamber b chamber b and of itsextreniity c, deliniit the in order to admit of ite ulating the position of capillary passage; the Vchamber b may be the cylinder g therein y means of a not h; a. made in two parts, as shown, and the excounter nut i. maintains this position when tremity t may be fitted to the rod e( At "its 6o once the adjustment has been effected. In upper extremity the rode is screwcd'into a 125 order tofacilitate this mounting and to enknurl k connected with the part l carrying able different. outputs to be obtained with the the stufli box, by, two pins m eng red in a same blowpipe, by changing the discharge 'semi-circiillzar groove formed in the iurl k'. orifice, the chamber b may be made in several Final-ly the rod e may be formed with a cenparts, asshowninFig. 1. tral passage ending in an orifice of small 130 crosssection', ainlintended' for supplying ay supplementary-' jet of oxygen when t e blowpipe is utilized'for dividing metals. This arrangement presents the following features:

On leaving the conical annular conduit., the

gases are mixeil'together, thereby insuring perfect combustion; by giving this` passage an appropriate inclination, .owing to the niuttial 'reaction of the streams constitutinfY the annular llame, a perfectly cylindrical l ame is obtained without any llateral dispersion; the hcatof the flame lis thus utilized to the best advantage, When the blowpipe is ein ployed for cutting-off metals-,the central oxygen ljet passing through the middle of thc annular llame, )efore it comcs'into contact willi the part to ,be cut, experiences a heating which increases its action. By acting upon the knurl k the rod e may be displaced parallel with its axis; according tothe direction in which this action takes place the aperture of the, annular conical passage is increased or diminished and atthe saine time the discharge from the blowpipe is modified, so that it may be ada )ted to circumstances; in this case however, t ie aperture of the capillary passage 1-1 delimited by the walls of the enlargement s and of the part b, does not experience any change and its efiiciency relmans constant. Finally owing to the facility with which the conical extremity ofthe chamber b and the extremity t of the rod'ni'ay be dismounted, it is possible by means of sparc parts to modify the dimensions of the orifices for the discharge of the flame and of the central jet of oxygen according to requirements.

When it is not necessary to rovide for the modification at will of the disc iarge from the blowpipe,l in order to siinplifythc construction, the knurl k and the stuffing box 1' may be dispensed with, the rode being fixed to the chamber b by means of a nut and counter nut device.

Generally speaking, any other arrangement may be adopted for establishing'on the path of the gaseous mixture, at a short dis-v tance from the discharge orifice, or at this orilice itself, an annular capillary passage serving tovprevent the flame from ight-ing back; in particular, passages of any desired form may be utilized, but the cylindrical and conical forms are those best adapted for carryingthc invention into practice.

I claimr 1. In a blowpipe for burning a mixture of y oxygen and a combustible gas, .a burner tube t and a member within said tube the surface of which forms with the inner surface of the wall of' said tube an annular capiliary gas passage said burner tube. e

2. In a. blowpipc forburning a mixture of oxygen and a combustible gas, a burner tube, a tubular gas suppl y member within saidv tube, the outer surface of said member form'- ing with the inner surface of the wall of said proximity of said surfaces being such as to said burner tube. l

3. In a blowpipe for burning a mixture of ,oxygen and a combustible gas, a burner tube having a frusto-conical discharge orifice, a tubular gas supply member within said tube and having a conical end terminating in said orifice, said member provided with centering means, the outer surface of said member forming with the inner surface of the wall of said tube an annular capillary gas passage, the proximity of said surfaces bein such as to prevent backward propagation o flame in said burner tube.

4. 1n a blowpipe for using a mixture of oxygen and combustible gas, the combinat-ion of a burner tube providedwith a sup ly duct for said gases land a trusteconical ischarge orifice, an adjustable tubular cent-ral member within said tube for su iplyin oxygen having centering means, and an en arged portion having a truste-conical extremity entering said orifice, said enlarged portion forming with the tube an annular gas supply passage, the proximity of the` confining walls of which prevents the backward propagation of the flame.

5. In a blowpipe for using a mixture of oxygen and a combustible as, the combination -of a tapering burner tu e, a supply duct for admission of said gases and a discharge orifice, and" an adjustable tapering member within said tube forming with the latter an annular capillary gas supply assage, the

'proximity of the confining wa ls of which prevents the backward'propagation of the v flame. l

In testimony whereof I have signed this specification in the presence of two subscribing witnesses.

Armut Giiusi. tr. cimenta Witnesses:

JEAN Jessen BRUNEL,

Pil-:mm JEAN Conmm.

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