US883159A - Means for showing from a distance the variations in temperature. - Google Patents

Description

PATENTED MAR. 24, 1908.

J. B! FOURNIER. MEANS FOR SHOWING FROM A DISTANCE THE VARIATIONS IN TEMPERATURE.

APPLICATION FILED 111:0. 7, 1905.

UNITED STAQESZnT-ENT OFFICE.

. I JOSEPH BARBE FOURNIER, OF PARIS, FRANCE.

means Eon snowmo FROM A DISTAlVCE THE VARIATIONS IN TEMPERATURE.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented March 24, 1998.

Original application filed November 17, 1904, Serial N 0. 233,158. Divided and this application filed December 7, 1905 T 0 all whom it may concern:

.Be it known that I, Josurn BARBE FOUR- NIER, a citizen of the Republic of France, residing at Paris, 62 Quai des Orl'cvres, in the Republic of France, engineer, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Means for Showing from a Distance the V ariations in Temperature, of which the following is a specification, this being a division of the application filed by me November 17, 1904, Serial No. 233,158.

This invention relates to improvements in means in showing from a distance the varia tions of temperature; it relates more particularly to means which comprise a curved tube or hand-wheel the ends of which move away or approach each. other by the effect of the variations in the pressure within the same, the said tube being connected to a tube of small diameter one end of which is closed and which is partly filled with a liquid which is volatile to a very small extent, while the part near the closed end contains a very volatile liquid as well as vapors of the said liquid. When the medium. in which lies the closed end of the small tube undergoes variations of temperature, the tension of the vapor of the volatile liquid increases or decreases, and the liquid which is volatile to only a small extent transmits to the liquid contained in the curved tube a greater or less pressure which. causes the tube to expand or contract. This invention has for its purpose 'to use these motions of the curved tube to actuate an indicating hand, or some other indicating means.

In the accompanying drawing, which shows two Ways in which my invention may be carried out; Figure 1 is'an elevation of an apparatus so fitted as to serve as a wattoscope. Fig. 2 shows a modified form of the same apparatus combined with a recording cylinder.

, In Fig. l the curved tube a is similar to the usual manometcrs. It may be elliptic or of any other suitable sha )e in cross section. It is in. the first place filled with some matter dilatable and volatile to the smallest extent, such as sand, small stones, iron shavings, or the like (L in order to diminish as much as possible its inner capacity.

Serial H0. 290,806.

Into the capacity formed by the tubes at and e there is introduced asuitable liquid f, volatile to the smallest extent possible, mercury for instance, so as to entirely fill with the said liquid the tube a and a certain part 1-2 of the small tube 6.

In the unfilled part 23 of the tube c there is introduced a determined quantity of a suitable volatile liquid g, such as liquefied gas, sulfurous acid, chlorid of methyl, liquid ammoniac, liquid carbonic acid, or the like, and the end 3 of the tube e is hermetically closed. In order to avoid the mixture or the dissolution of the two liquids the one into the other, there may be located in the small :flexible tube e, between the two liquid columns, a small liquid piston, for instance a dro of mercury, which prevents the contact '0' the two liquids f and g and which, being given the small cross section of the tube-c, is maintained in the latter by the capillary forces. The

quantities of the twoliquids must be such that if the system formed by the tube a and the part l--2, filled with the liquid f which is only volatile to a small extent is immerged in e varies and determines in the curved tube a,

through the medium'of the liquids 'gand f, corresponding motions of expansion and contraction. y g

In the apparatus shown in Fig, l, the end I) of the curved tube a is fixed to a casing or bracket 4, and its free end a is connected to a hand 56, movable on ia'dial-plato 7 through the medium of a lever 8 and of a pinion 9 mounted on the casing Inthc tube 6, which is connected to the tube a,

there is inclosed a liquid f volatile to a small extent and a volatile liquid g. The said tube carries terminals 10, 11 for the arrival and the departure of an electric current.

If an electric current is passed into the tube e,the latter, on account of its electrical resistance, will become heated and. the rise in its temperature will be proportional to the intensity of'the current, it will be the same in that which concerns the motion of the free end 0 of the tube a and the motion of the hand 5'6, so that after graduating the apparatus either comparatively or directly, the position of the said hand will show the power of the current. The apparatus will then constitute a wattoscope. y providing the a paratus with a style 12 and revolving cylin er 13, as shown in Fig. 2, a recording wattoscope will be obtained.

As the ositions taken by the end 6 of the hand on the diallate 7 (see Fig. 1) or on the cylinder 13 (see ig. 2) are the results of the successive temperatures of the part 2-3 of the tube 6, the apparatus may also be used as a thermometer; it may be graduated by comparison with a standard thermometer. In this case, the terminals 10, 11 are useless. This saturated vapor thermometer has over the usual thermometers based on thedi-latation of a suitably chosen substance, the advantage of having indications absolutely independent of the variations of the capacity of its covering or casing, since the elastic,

power of a saturated vapor is independent of the volume which it occupies.

' Claim:

The combination of a curved .tube or manometer, of a movable, flexible, narrow tube, one end of which is connected to the manometer tube ,and'of which the other end is closed, of a not very volatile liquid in the manometer tube and a'large part of the fiexible tube, and of a volatile liquid in a part of the closed end of the tube, the diameter'of the flexible tube being sufliciently small to allow of the capillary forces maintaining the liquid columns in the tube in their respective positions, irrespective of the movements imparted to the said tube.

Intestimony that I. claim Hie-foregoing as

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