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US8511266B2 - Valve control apparatus for internal combustion engine - Google Patents

Valve control apparatus for internal combustion engine Download PDF

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Publication number
US8511266B2
US8511266B2 US12/866,902 US86690209A US8511266B2 US 8511266 B2 US8511266 B2 US 8511266B2 US 86690209 A US86690209 A US 86690209A US 8511266 B2 US8511266 B2 US 8511266B2
Authority
US
United States
Prior art keywords
valve
valve opening
phase angle
engine
variable
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Fee Related, expires
Application number
US12/866,902
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English (en)
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US20100313837A1 (en
Inventor
Yukihiro Fujioka
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Nissan Motor Co Ltd
Original Assignee
Nissan Motor Co Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Nissan Motor Co Ltd filed Critical Nissan Motor Co Ltd
Assigned to NISSAN MOTOR CO., LTD. reassignment NISSAN MOTOR CO., LTD. ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: FUJIOKA, YUKIHIRO
Publication of US20100313837A1 publication Critical patent/US20100313837A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US8511266B2 publication Critical patent/US8511266B2/en
Expired - Fee Related legal-status Critical Current
Adjusted expiration legal-status Critical

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Classifications

    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02DCONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02D13/00Controlling the engine output power by varying inlet or exhaust valve operating characteristics, e.g. timing
    • F02D13/02Controlling the engine output power by varying inlet or exhaust valve operating characteristics, e.g. timing during engine operation
    • F02D13/0223Variable control of the intake valves only
    • F02D13/0226Variable control of the intake valves only changing valve lift or valve lift and timing
    • F02D13/023Variable control of the intake valves only changing valve lift or valve lift and timing the change of valve timing is caused by the change in valve lift, i.e. both valve lift and timing are functionally related
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01LCYCLICALLY OPERATING VALVES FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES
    • F01L13/00Modifications of valve-gear to facilitate reversing, braking, starting, changing compression ratio, or other specific operations
    • F01L13/0015Modifications of valve-gear to facilitate reversing, braking, starting, changing compression ratio, or other specific operations for optimising engine performances by modifying valve lift according to various working parameters, e.g. rotational speed, load, torque
    • F01L13/0021Modifications of valve-gear to facilitate reversing, braking, starting, changing compression ratio, or other specific operations for optimising engine performances by modifying valve lift according to various working parameters, e.g. rotational speed, load, torque by modification of rocker arm ratio
    • F01L13/0026Modifications of valve-gear to facilitate reversing, braking, starting, changing compression ratio, or other specific operations for optimising engine performances by modifying valve lift according to various working parameters, e.g. rotational speed, load, torque by modification of rocker arm ratio by means of an eccentric
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02DCONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02D13/00Controlling the engine output power by varying inlet or exhaust valve operating characteristics, e.g. timing
    • F02D13/02Controlling the engine output power by varying inlet or exhaust valve operating characteristics, e.g. timing during engine operation
    • F02D13/0223Variable control of the intake valves only
    • F02D13/0234Variable control of the intake valves only changing the valve timing only
    • F02D13/0238Variable control of the intake valves only changing the valve timing only by shifting the phase, i.e. the opening periods of the valves are constant
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02DCONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02D41/00Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents
    • F02D41/02Circuit arrangements for generating control signals
    • F02D41/04Introducing corrections for particular operating conditions
    • F02D41/042Introducing corrections for particular operating conditions for stopping the engine
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01LCYCLICALLY OPERATING VALVES FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES
    • F01L1/00Valve-gear or valve arrangements, e.g. lift-valve gear
    • F01L1/34Valve-gear or valve arrangements, e.g. lift-valve gear characterised by the provision of means for changing the timing of the valves without changing the duration of opening and without affecting the magnitude of the valve lift
    • F01L1/344Valve-gear or valve arrangements, e.g. lift-valve gear characterised by the provision of means for changing the timing of the valves without changing the duration of opening and without affecting the magnitude of the valve lift changing the angular relationship between crankshaft and camshaft, e.g. using helicoidal gear
    • F01L1/3442Valve-gear or valve arrangements, e.g. lift-valve gear characterised by the provision of means for changing the timing of the valves without changing the duration of opening and without affecting the magnitude of the valve lift changing the angular relationship between crankshaft and camshaft, e.g. using helicoidal gear using hydraulic chambers with variable volume to transmit the rotating force
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01LCYCLICALLY OPERATING VALVES FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES
    • F01L1/00Valve-gear or valve arrangements, e.g. lift-valve gear
    • F01L1/34Valve-gear or valve arrangements, e.g. lift-valve gear characterised by the provision of means for changing the timing of the valves without changing the duration of opening and without affecting the magnitude of the valve lift
    • F01L1/344Valve-gear or valve arrangements, e.g. lift-valve gear characterised by the provision of means for changing the timing of the valves without changing the duration of opening and without affecting the magnitude of the valve lift changing the angular relationship between crankshaft and camshaft, e.g. using helicoidal gear
    • F01L1/3442Valve-gear or valve arrangements, e.g. lift-valve gear characterised by the provision of means for changing the timing of the valves without changing the duration of opening and without affecting the magnitude of the valve lift changing the angular relationship between crankshaft and camshaft, e.g. using helicoidal gear using hydraulic chambers with variable volume to transmit the rotating force
    • F01L2001/34423Details relating to the hydraulic feeding circuit
    • F01L2001/34426Oil control valves
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01LCYCLICALLY OPERATING VALVES FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES
    • F01L1/00Valve-gear or valve arrangements, e.g. lift-valve gear
    • F01L1/34Valve-gear or valve arrangements, e.g. lift-valve gear characterised by the provision of means for changing the timing of the valves without changing the duration of opening and without affecting the magnitude of the valve lift
    • F01L1/344Valve-gear or valve arrangements, e.g. lift-valve gear characterised by the provision of means for changing the timing of the valves without changing the duration of opening and without affecting the magnitude of the valve lift changing the angular relationship between crankshaft and camshaft, e.g. using helicoidal gear
    • F01L1/3442Valve-gear or valve arrangements, e.g. lift-valve gear characterised by the provision of means for changing the timing of the valves without changing the duration of opening and without affecting the magnitude of the valve lift changing the angular relationship between crankshaft and camshaft, e.g. using helicoidal gear using hydraulic chambers with variable volume to transmit the rotating force
    • F01L2001/34423Details relating to the hydraulic feeding circuit
    • F01L2001/34426Oil control valves
    • F01L2001/3443Solenoid driven oil control valves
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01LCYCLICALLY OPERATING VALVES FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES
    • F01L13/00Modifications of valve-gear to facilitate reversing, braking, starting, changing compression ratio, or other specific operations
    • F01L13/0015Modifications of valve-gear to facilitate reversing, braking, starting, changing compression ratio, or other specific operations for optimising engine performances by modifying valve lift according to various working parameters, e.g. rotational speed, load, torque
    • F01L13/0063Modifications of valve-gear to facilitate reversing, braking, starting, changing compression ratio, or other specific operations for optimising engine performances by modifying valve lift according to various working parameters, e.g. rotational speed, load, torque by modification of cam contact point by displacing an intermediate lever or wedge-shaped intermediate element, e.g. Tourtelot
    • F01L2013/0073Modifications of valve-gear to facilitate reversing, braking, starting, changing compression ratio, or other specific operations for optimising engine performances by modifying valve lift according to various working parameters, e.g. rotational speed, load, torque by modification of cam contact point by displacing an intermediate lever or wedge-shaped intermediate element, e.g. Tourtelot with an oscillating cam acting on the valve of the "Delphi" type
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01LCYCLICALLY OPERATING VALVES FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES
    • F01L2800/00Methods of operation using a variable valve timing mechanism
    • F01L2800/01Starting
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01LCYCLICALLY OPERATING VALVES FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES
    • F01L2800/00Methods of operation using a variable valve timing mechanism
    • F01L2800/03Stopping; Stalling
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02DCONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02D13/00Controlling the engine output power by varying inlet or exhaust valve operating characteristics, e.g. timing
    • F02D13/02Controlling the engine output power by varying inlet or exhaust valve operating characteristics, e.g. timing during engine operation
    • F02D13/0261Controlling the valve overlap
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02DCONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02D13/00Controlling the engine output power by varying inlet or exhaust valve operating characteristics, e.g. timing
    • F02D13/02Controlling the engine output power by varying inlet or exhaust valve operating characteristics, e.g. timing during engine operation
    • F02D2013/0292Controlling the engine output power by varying inlet or exhaust valve operating characteristics, e.g. timing during engine operation in the start-up phase, e.g. for warming-up cold engine or catalyst
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02TCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/10Internal combustion engine [ICE] based vehicles
    • Y02T10/12Improving ICE efficiencies

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to an apparatus for controlling an internal combustion engine stop operation to enable good startup performance of the engine, wherein the engine includes a valve and a mechanism for controlling the valve opening center phase angle, the valve opening duration, and the valve lift of the valve.
  • a valve control apparatus for an internal combustion engine.
  • the apparatus includes a variable phase angle mechanism configured to continuously change a valve opening phase angle of a valve, a variable valve mechanism configured to continuously change at least one of a valve opening duration and a valve lift of the valve, and a controller configured to control the variable phase angle mechanism and the variable valve mechanism.
  • the variable phase angle mechanism is configured to set the valve opening phase angle at a retarded phase angle in a startup operation as compared with a normal phase angle in a normal operation. After an engine stop command is generated, the controller controls the variable valve mechanism such that an integrated valve opening value is increased to be larger than an idle state integrated valve opening value in an idle state.
  • the intake drive shaft 3 is rotated in association with the crankshaft of the engine 1 .
  • the ring-like link 12 substantially follows the movement of the intake drive shaft 3 via the drive cam 11 rotated by the intake drive shaft 3 , the rocker arm 15 is rocked around an axis of the control cam 14 , and the rocker cam 4 is rocked via the rod-like link 16 , thereby opening and closing the intake valve 54 .
  • the ECU 61 controls an electricity to a solenoid 97 of the solenoid operated directional control valve 95 .
  • variable valve mechanism 10 of the intake valve 54 is provided to move the intake valve 54 with low valve opening duration and a low valve lift so that a small resistance is applied to driving of the intake valve 54 by the cam, thus avoiding the problem of a further large driving force from the cam when the valve opening center phase angle is driven in the retard direction.
  • FIG. 5 is a flowchart according to a first embodiment.
  • step S 1 it is determined whether or not an engine stop command is generated. If it is determined that the engine stop command is generated, the process goes to step S 2 , in which the variable phase angle mechanism 20 is driven to start control in which the valve opening center phase angle of the intake valve 54 is moved to the most retarded position. Meanwhile, another control routine executes an engine stop operation including a control for stopping fuel injection and a control for completely closing the throttle valve.
  • a single-cycle valve lift profile from a valve-open timing to a valve-close timing of the intake valve 54 is set by using an integrated valve opening value.
  • integrated valve opening value means that the area is calculated under a curve plotting valve lift on the vertical axis and crank angle on the horizontal axis.
  • the integrated valve opening value of the valve lift profile is controlled to be larger than an integrated valve opening value of a valve lift profile in an idle state, i.e., an idle state integrated valve opening value.
  • the fuel injection is stopped immediately after the engine stop command is generated, and then the valve opening of the intake valve 54 is increased.
  • the engine stop operation including the stopping of fuel injection, may be delayed for a predetermined period, and then the valve opening of the intake valve 54 may be increased.
  • the variable phase angle mechanism 20 controls the intake valve to be retarded by a certain amount, and then controls the intake valve to move to the most retarded position by increasing the valve opening.
  • FIG. 8A illustrates changes in various engine operating parameters according to an embodiment having such a configuration in comparison with that according to the prior art in FIG. 8B .

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Output Control And Ontrol Of Special Type Engine (AREA)
  • Valve Device For Special Equipments (AREA)
  • Electrical Control Of Air Or Fuel Supplied To Internal-Combustion Engine (AREA)
US12/866,902 2008-02-29 2009-02-19 Valve control apparatus for internal combustion engine Expired - Fee Related US8511266B2 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (5)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP2008-049383 2008-02-29
JP2008049383 2008-02-29
JP2008316110A JP5381067B2 (ja) 2008-02-29 2008-12-11 内燃機関のバルブ制御装置
JP2008-316110 2008-12-11
PCT/IB2009/000304 WO2009106950A2 (fr) 2008-02-29 2009-02-19 Dispositif de commande des soupapes pour moteur à combustion interne

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
US20100313837A1 US20100313837A1 (en) 2010-12-16
US8511266B2 true US8511266B2 (en) 2013-08-20

Family

ID=41016521

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US12/866,902 Expired - Fee Related US8511266B2 (en) 2008-02-29 2009-02-19 Valve control apparatus for internal combustion engine

Country Status (5)

Country Link
US (1) US8511266B2 (fr)
EP (1) EP2260194B1 (fr)
JP (1) JP5381067B2 (fr)
CN (1) CN102165170B (fr)
WO (1) WO2009106950A2 (fr)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20120290197A1 (en) * 2010-11-08 2012-11-15 Toyota Jidosha Kabushiki Kaisha Control device for engine

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DE102009035160B4 (de) * 2009-03-31 2021-02-11 Dr. Ing. H.C. F. Porsche Aktiengesellschaft Verfahren zum Starten eines Verbrennungsmotors
JP5983875B2 (ja) * 2013-06-04 2016-09-06 日産自動車株式会社 可変バルブタイミング機構のロック判定装置及び可変バルブタイミング機構のロック判定方法
GB2521428B (en) 2013-12-19 2018-08-15 Jaguar Land Rover Ltd Improvements to engine shutdown
FR3033051B1 (fr) * 2015-02-24 2017-02-10 Continental Automotive France Procede et dispositif de traitement d'un signal produit par un capteur de rotation d'une cible tournante
US9903282B2 (en) 2015-06-30 2018-02-27 GM Global Technology Operations LLC Park positions for variable camshaft phasing systems and methods
KR101684559B1 (ko) * 2015-12-11 2016-12-08 현대자동차 주식회사 연속 가변 밸브 타이밍 장치와 연속 가변 밸브 듀레이션 장치를 구비한 엔진
KR101798057B1 (ko) * 2016-06-14 2017-11-15 주식회사 현대케피코 연속 가변 밸브 듀레이션 제어 시스템 및 그 동작 방법
KR101796255B1 (ko) * 2016-06-30 2017-11-10 주식회사 현대케피코 연속 가변 밸브 듀레이션 시스템 및 그 동작 방법
KR102845571B1 (ko) 2020-12-03 2025-08-13 자콥스 비히클 시스템즈, 인코포레이티드. 내연 기관에서 밸브 작동을 제어하기 위한 회전 액추에이터 시스템

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JPH07233713A (ja) 1994-02-23 1995-09-05 Toyota Motor Corp 内燃機関のバルブタイミング制御装置
JPH09195738A (ja) 1996-01-18 1997-07-29 Komatsu Ltd エンジンのバルブ機構の制御装置及びその制御方法
JP2001289086A (ja) 2000-04-05 2001-10-19 Toyota Motor Corp 内燃機関の始動停止制御装置
US20020100440A1 (en) * 2001-02-01 2002-08-01 Mitsubishi Denki Kabushiki Kaisha Valve timing control apparatus for internal combustion engine
US20030101952A1 (en) * 2001-12-04 2003-06-05 Hitachi Unisia Automotive, Ltd. Valve-lash adjuster equipped valve operating device for internal combustion engine
EP1630365A1 (fr) 2004-08-17 2006-03-01 Nissan Motor Company, Limited Système et méthode de commande de soupape d'admission pour un moteur à combustion interne
JP2006220154A (ja) 2006-03-31 2006-08-24 Denso Corp 内燃機関の可変バルブタイミング制御装置
US20060213468A1 (en) 2005-03-25 2006-09-28 Toyota Jidosha Kabushiki Kaisha Valve actuation control apparatus for internal combustion engine
JP2006312943A (ja) 2006-08-24 2006-11-16 Hitachi Ltd 内燃機関の可変動弁装置
US20070017480A1 (en) 2001-12-06 2007-01-25 Denso Corporation Apparatus for controlling engine
US7191746B2 (en) * 2004-10-18 2007-03-20 Hitachi, Ltd. Engine start control apparatus
US7481199B2 (en) * 2006-10-23 2009-01-27 Hitachi, Ltd. Start control apparatus of internal combustion engine
US7703424B2 (en) * 2005-12-28 2010-04-27 Hitachi, Ltd. Variable valve actuation system of internal combustion engine
US7779796B2 (en) * 2007-03-08 2010-08-24 Hitachi, Ltd. Variable valve actuating apparatus for internal combustion engine and process of controlling the same

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JPH07233713A (ja) 1994-02-23 1995-09-05 Toyota Motor Corp 内燃機関のバルブタイミング制御装置
JPH09195738A (ja) 1996-01-18 1997-07-29 Komatsu Ltd エンジンのバルブ機構の制御装置及びその制御方法
US6006706A (en) 1996-01-18 1999-12-28 Komatsu Ltd. Method and apparatus for controlling valve mechanism of engine
JP2001289086A (ja) 2000-04-05 2001-10-19 Toyota Motor Corp 内燃機関の始動停止制御装置
US20020100440A1 (en) * 2001-02-01 2002-08-01 Mitsubishi Denki Kabushiki Kaisha Valve timing control apparatus for internal combustion engine
US6516759B2 (en) * 2001-02-01 2003-02-11 Mitsubishi Denki Kabushiki Kaisha Valve timing control apparatus for internal combustion engine
US20030101952A1 (en) * 2001-12-04 2003-06-05 Hitachi Unisia Automotive, Ltd. Valve-lash adjuster equipped valve operating device for internal combustion engine
US20070017480A1 (en) 2001-12-06 2007-01-25 Denso Corporation Apparatus for controlling engine
EP1630365A1 (fr) 2004-08-17 2006-03-01 Nissan Motor Company, Limited Système et méthode de commande de soupape d'admission pour un moteur à combustion interne
US7191746B2 (en) * 2004-10-18 2007-03-20 Hitachi, Ltd. Engine start control apparatus
US20060213468A1 (en) 2005-03-25 2006-09-28 Toyota Jidosha Kabushiki Kaisha Valve actuation control apparatus for internal combustion engine
JP2006266200A (ja) 2005-03-25 2006-10-05 Toyota Motor Corp 内燃機関のバルブ特性制御装置
US7703424B2 (en) * 2005-12-28 2010-04-27 Hitachi, Ltd. Variable valve actuation system of internal combustion engine
JP2006220154A (ja) 2006-03-31 2006-08-24 Denso Corp 内燃機関の可変バルブタイミング制御装置
JP2006312943A (ja) 2006-08-24 2006-11-16 Hitachi Ltd 内燃機関の可変動弁装置
US7481199B2 (en) * 2006-10-23 2009-01-27 Hitachi, Ltd. Start control apparatus of internal combustion engine
US7779796B2 (en) * 2007-03-08 2010-08-24 Hitachi, Ltd. Variable valve actuating apparatus for internal combustion engine and process of controlling the same

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20120290197A1 (en) * 2010-11-08 2012-11-15 Toyota Jidosha Kabushiki Kaisha Control device for engine
US8887675B2 (en) * 2010-11-08 2014-11-18 Toyota Jidosha Kabushiki Kaisha Control device for changing phase of multiple independent intake valves in engine

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP2260194A4 (fr) 2012-08-15
JP2009228667A (ja) 2009-10-08
EP2260194A2 (fr) 2010-12-15
WO2009106950A3 (fr) 2009-11-05
CN102165170A (zh) 2011-08-24
EP2260194B1 (fr) 2013-07-17
JP5381067B2 (ja) 2014-01-08
US20100313837A1 (en) 2010-12-16
WO2009106950A2 (fr) 2009-09-03
WO2009106950A4 (fr) 2012-04-19
CN102165170B (zh) 2014-03-05

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