US846672A - High-pressure electrical apparatus. - Google Patents

Description

No. 846,672. t PATENTED MAR. 12, 1907.

F.J.KOGH.

HIGH PRESSURE ELECTRICAL APPARATUS. APPLICATION FILED JAN. 24, 1906.

2 SHEETS-SHEET 1.

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No. 846,672. PATENTED MAR. 12, 1907.

F. J. KOCH.

HIGH PRESSURE ELECTRICAL APPARATUS. APPLICATION FILED JAN. 24. 1906.

2 SHEETSSHEET 2 sure to be kept out is higher than the presburr stares PATENT- rrc FRANZ JOSEPH IC 0011,01 DRESDEN, GERMANY.

-HlGrl-il PRESiMJRE ELEQTRECAL APPARATUS.

To a whom it may-concern;

Be it known that I, FRANZ JOSEPH Koorr, a subject of the King of Saxony, and residing at Dresden AL, Saxony, in the Empire of Germany, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in High-Pressure Electrical Apparatus, of which the following is a specification.

When high-pressure apparatus, more'particularly "ltontgen tubes, are worked by means of sections'of the same sign of an alter-v nating current obtained by high-transfer motion in such manner that by means of a,

synchronous mechanical high-pressure interrupter or by means of a valve device, (for mstance, the so-calledvalve-0e11,) or by means of a Rontgen tubefspecially arranged for the purpose in the secondary high-pressure circuit, every second wave is omitted, then during the second omitted Wave free pressures are.produced, the upper point of "which passes far beyond that of the presin highe'pressui'e interrupter is used, the consi orationof the free pressures makes it necessary considerably ,to increase the diameter in order. to obtain sufliciently large gaps between the contact parts, reliably preventing their jumping by the free pressures. When a valve device isused, itis clearthat a great demand is placed on the valveaction-that is to say, on the differential behavior-as re- I surethat "is to bealloived to pass. course applies also when a Rontgen tube of" gards pressures of diiierent signs if the pres- This of special construction is to be used as a valve.

-In' order to work with purely continuous current, apparatns driven .by. primary continuous current and spark-inductor have already been provided with a secondary auxiliary circuit in order rythmically to "shortcircuit it by means of a mechanical in,

terrupter at the periods of rest of the secondi ary consumption-circuit. This secondary auxiliary circuit has not, however, been used yet alternating current for su pressing or re ucing the free pressure in sue manner Specification of Letters Patent.

- jurious action on the contact parts.

Pa.tented March 12, 19.07.

' Application filed January 24, 1906i Serial No. 297,713

that the secondary auxiliary circuit is opened and closed by a synchronously working interrupter. It has, however, been found that this was not possible, owing already to the fact that the interrupter could not follow be the fluctuations of the angle of phase due to the load on the secondary consumption-cir cuit and to the size of resistances switched at times into the primary circuit, and required continuous regulation of its angle of phase relatively to the pressure 1n the circuit, which, however, wasnot practically possible. Without such a regulation, owing to the premature closing and more particularly opening, light-arcs would be produced which owing to the small pressure and correspondingly great intensity of current would have an ind It is however, necessary to work with small pres sure and correspondingly large intensity of current in the auxiliary circuit if it is desired to avoid the complication and expense of a second high-pressure winding for the auxiliary circuit.

This invention enables the free pressures of undesired sign to be reduced, while the construction remains a practical one, by means of auxiliary secondary c1rcu1t 1n alternating-current working by closing the auxiliary secondary c1rcu1t over an electr1c valve device, (preferably an electrolytic valve-cell.) The valve device, the use of which would again be impossible in the continuous current and inductor working, as, apart from other reasons, it could not act, on account of go the great differences in pressure, makes a perfect working possible 1n this case, owing to the absence of such differences of pressure in the auxiliary circuit, as it automatically adapts itself'to the fluctuations of the an 1e 9 of phase. It works; moreover, with sm'a er loss of energy,- in the working periods of the auxiliary circuit.

The working of the auxiliary circuit controlled by the valve device issuch that by I00 short-circuitloading of'the transformer duringthe eriod of the non-desired currentwaves, t e pressure at the terminals of the primary C01l,"9;nd i11 accordance with the 1 ratio of" transformation, also of course the 1c 5 (injurious non-desired) pressure induced in the secondary coil of the consumption-circuit, are considerably reduced. This action takes place only if an ohm or inductive resistance or both kinds of resistances are no switched into the primary coil of the transformer. Without a resistance it would be impossible temporarily to reduce the pressure of the primary coil in spite of the heavy load of the transformer, as the pressure would be maintained by the circuit, which in this connection has to 'be'. considered as inexhaustible. On the contrary, the resistance switched in enables, as is well known, the primary pressure of a transformer to be tem orarilyreduced by utting on the latter the oad due to the shi ting in. the distribution of the fall of pressure in the primary circuit taking place when this is done. As the injurious free pressures are reduced the radiation and the difiiculties of the insulation when the said interrupter is used in the consumption-circuit, as owing to the very high pressure and negligibly small intensity of current any light-arcs formed would be harmless, so that it is possible to'u'se a high'- pressure interrupter without metallic contact. If instead pf the mechanical interrupter a valve device is used in the secondary consumption-circuit, the valve action will become all the more reliable, owing to the re- .duction of the undesired pressure. By

means of'the auxiliary device, according to this invention, the pressures of undesired sign can, however, be reduced to such an extent that they would not pass at all through the? consumption apparatus (Rontgen tube) built for a given initial or breaking-through pressure. in this way it is nolonger neces sary to use at all synchronous interruption in the consumption-circuit. No mechanical interrupter 'nor any special valve device are necessary in this high-pressure circuit, and all difficulties of excluding the undesired pressure disappear. It is only necessary to have a valve device in ,the auxiliary secondary circuit. For these reasons this invention is useful not only where current-waves of one and the same sign can be used in the consumption-circuittnat is to say,wher ethe current-waves of undesired sign must be excluded. It can also be used, owing to its simplicity in' many cases in which hitherto currents of both signs wereused and the waves of one sign wererectified by a' rather cor i ilplicated construction.

e invention thus far described can, however, be modified also in such way that not only free pressures of undesired sign will be reduced, but also the useful pressure in the consumption-circuit increased. This increase of the useful pressure in the operative periods of the secondary consumption-circuit is effectedby resonance action, the auxiliary circuit in cooperation with the self induction device (choking-coil) switched into the primary circuit as resistance being utilized for producing this resonance action. To that end either the valve-cell, switched into the auxiliary circuit, is converted into a resonant capacity by. suitable tuningthat isto say, by corresponding dimensioniyjs; of the size of the electrodes, or a separate capacity (condenser) is'switched into the auxiliary secondary circuit parallel to the valve device. The invention can also be carried out in such way that a separate secondary coil for the auxiliary circuit will becomeunnecessary, the valve-cell or the valve-cell and the condenser being switched over the primary coil. The accompanying "drawings show some constructions according to this invention in the usual diagrammatic way.

Figure 1 shows connection with ahigh-pressure interrupter in the secondary consumption-circuit. Fig. 2 is a connection diagram without separate. interruption in the sec ondary consumption circuit. Fig. 3 is a connection diagram with a resonant capacity in the auxiliary circuit; Fig. 4, a connection diagram without separate secondary coil for the auxiliary circuit and with resonant capacityin the auxiliary circuit.

Throughout these figures, A is a sourceof alternating current, B an ohm-resistance, C an -induct1on resistance (self induction arrangement choking-coil) in the primary circuit, D the primary coil, E the secondary coil of the consumption-circuit, F the consumption apparatus, (Rontgen tube,) G sec ondary coil of the auxiliary circuit, (in as far as there is such one,) 11 the valve-cell in the auxiliary circuit. The valve-cell His arranged in all the cases in such manner that it does not let through current of the sign not desired in the secondary consumption-circuit-that is to say, short-circuits the auxiliarycircuit during the passage of a current of-a sign which is not desired in the consumption apparatus F. Inthis way, with t e simultaneousexistence of the resistances B and C (or only one of them) in the primary circuit, the transformer is strongly loaded b T the short-circuiting of the secondary auxi iary circuit and the terminal pressure of the primary-circuit reduced. Th1s reduction of the terminal pressure of the primary coil D has also for its result that the undesired ressure induced in the secondary coil E of the consumption-circuit and passing into the consumption apparatus is considerably reduced.

IIO

As shown in Fig. 1, the synchronously-rotating mechanical interrupter J is switched into the secondary consumption-circuit, so that the consumption-circuit is opened during the passage of pressure of the undesired sign. The interrupter J could be, replaced by a high-pressure valve or a Rontgen tube acting simultaneously as a valve in the'consurhption-circuit. A-mechanical interrupter -or a high-pressure valve could, however, be

entirely done away with, as shown in Fig. 2.

. For the Rontgen tube is impermeable for tion-circuit.

pressures which arebelow a given limit,

(breaking-through pressure.) It, therefore,

the undesired pressure is reduced according to this invention to such an extent that it is below the breaking-through pressure of the consumption apparatus, thereis not needi'or anyfseparate valve device 'for the consump- This applies, of course, also to consumption apparatus other than Rontgen however, that they admit sure.

As'shown in 3, a capacity (or condenser) K is arranged'in shunton the valvecell H. As long as the valve-cell H admits T current of the sign which is notdesired in the consumptioncircuitthat is to say, the secondary coil G of the auxiliary cicuit is loadedthe capacity K remains Short-circuited, and the pressure between-the, terminals. of the primary coil'D fallsto a considerable extent, owing to theinductive resistance of the l choking-coil C. During the passage of current of'the opposite sign-that is to say,- of the sign which is desired in the consumptioncircuit, which-current does not pass through the valve-cell H-there is noconsumption of energy bythe'secondary coil G. As'the secondary coilE of the consumptioncircuit remains temporarilythat is to say, until the Y future moment at which the breakingthrough'pressure of the Rontgen tube F will be overcome withoutzaload on it and only the idle working current passes through the choking-coil'O, a verysmall-fall of ressure takes place between the terminals 0 the primary' coil D. Under the circumstances a resonance action. takes place, assuming, of course, that the ca acity, magnetically coupled and connects in series with the choking-coil C, isadjusted in such manner that it can harmonize with it. Owing to this resonance, the pressure between the terminals of the primary coil D is considerably increased, and-consequently there is also a-considerable increase of thepressure induced by the primary' coil D in the secondary coil E. In

many cases the switching in of a separate ca pacity'is, however, superfluous, as it .is possible to give the electrolytic cell H, by suitable dimensioning of the size of its electrodes, such capacity relatively. to the choking-coil D that the valve-cell is resonant in the manner desired. The suitable proportion must be of .course partly, calculated and partlydes termined empirically in every single case.

The object of the invention can also ,be attained by the use of the so-called economical connection, vas illustrated in. Fig. 4. This connection in addition to the reduction of the cost of the device, has even the advantage that the desired secondary continuous-current effect is attained in a still better and more perfect manner. By the suppress sion of the auxiliary secondary winding G the ohm resistance and with it the weakening of the electric oscillation system becomes considerably smaller.

If we follow at first the fulllines inFigf l we. shall see that shunted over the terminals of the primary coil .1) there is the valve-cell H and then parallel to H the capacity K. The primary coil ,D serves, therefore, simultaneously asa secondary coil for the auxiliary circuit. formed by-the Wires 1 2-3 4 5. Instead of the full primary-coil a portion of the windingscan be ot into this auxiliary circuit, as shownby' dotted connection-wire 5 Conversely the primary coil could be increased by additional windings D, which are nonoperative in'the rimary circuit, but are drawn into the auxi lary-ci'rcuitv by the connection-wireb It depends on the size of the electrodes which of the three contingencies is used.

What'I claim as my invention, and desire 'to secure by Letters Patent, is Y a. 1. .In high-pressure electrical apparatus the combination of a primary alternatingcurrent circuit, a primary coil in said circuit,

resistance in the prlmary circuit, a secondary consumption-circuit, a secondary coil in said secondary circuit an electrical apparatus to be worked said apparatus having a certain breaking-through pressure, a secondary aux iliary circuit, a secondary coil in said auxiliary' circuit and means for letting through current not desired in the secondary consumption-circuit said means stopping the current ofthesign desired in the consumptioncircuit.- v f 1 2. In high-pressure, electrical apparatus the combination of a primary alternating- 1 current circuit, a primary coil in said circuit, resistance in the primary circuit, a secondary consumption-circuit, a secondary coil in said secondary circuit, a high-pressure valve device arranged in the secondary consumptic ncircuit, an electrical apparatus to be worked said apparatus having a certain breakingthrough pressure, a secondary auxiliary circuit, a secondary coil in said auxiliary circuit and means for lettingthro'ugh current not desired in the secondary consumptioncircuit said .means stopping the current of the sign desired in the consumption-circuit.

8. In high-pressure electrical apparatus the combination of a primary alternating--.

current circuit, a primary coil in said circuit a self-induction device in the primary circuit,

sumption-circuit during. the passage of cur- I rent of desired sign and to reduce the pres sure during the passage of current of undesired sign.

4. In high-pressure electrical apparatus the combination of a primary alternating current circuit, a primary coil in said circuit, a self-induction device in the primary circuit, a secondary consumption-circuit, a secondary coil in said secondary circuit, an electrical apparatus to be worked said apparatus having a certain breaking-through pressure, a secondary auxiliary circuit, a secondary coil in the auxiliary circuit, anv electric valve device in the auxiliary circiiit.and a condenser in said circuit adapted to cooperate with the self-induction device in the primary circuit and increase the pressure in the sec ondary consumption-circuit during the passage of a current of the desired sign and reduce the pressure during the passage of cur rent of undesired sign. I

5. In high-pressure electrical apparatus the combination of a primary alternatingcurrent circuit, a primary coil in said circuit, resistance in the primary circuit, a secondary consumption-circuit, a secondary coil in said secondary circuit, an electrical apparatus to be worked said apparatus having a certain break ngthrough pressure, a secondary auxiliary circuit, a secondary coil in said auxiliary circuit, said coil consisting of windings of the primary coil and adapted to form a by-path and means for letting through ourrent not desired in the secondary consump- .tion-circuit said means stopping the current of the sign desired in the consumption-circuit.

6. In high-pressure electrical apparatus the combination of a primary alternatingcurrent circuit, a primary coil in said circuit, resistance in the primary circuit, a secondary consumption-circuit, a secondary coil in said secondary circuit, an electrical apparatus to be Worked said apparatus having a certain breaking-through pressure, a secondary auxiliary circuit, a secondary coil in said auxiliary circuit, said coil consisting of windings of the primary coil and'adapted to form a by-path, an,electric valve device in the auxiliary circuit and a condenser in the said auxiliary circuit adapted to cooperate with the self-induction device in the primary circuit and increase the pressure in the secondary consumption circuit during the passage of the current of the desired sign and reduce the pressure during the passage of the current of undesired sign.

In testimony whereof I have signed my name to this specification in the presence of two subscribing witnesses.

FRANZ JOSEPH KOCH.

Witnesses:

CARL GREIERT, (J. F. HUGO DUMMER.

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