US839708A - Electric regulator. - Google Patents

Description

No. 839,708; PATENTED DEC. 25, 1906. J. BIJUR.

ELECTRIC REGULATOR.

APFLIGATION FILED r213. 9,-1905.

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Josevn BIJ R No. 839,708. PATENTED DEC. 25, 1906.

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ELECTRIC REGULATOR.

APPLICATION FILED FEB.9,1905.

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J. BIJUR.

ELECTRIC REGULATOR.

APPLICATION 3mm) IEB.9, 1905.

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ELECTRIC REGULATOR.

APPLICATION FILED FEB.9,190&

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VIZ/g st J ln vezt or: /a OSEPH IJU? mmww No. 839,708. PATENTBD DEG. i906.

J. BIJUR. ELECTRIC REGULATOR.

APPLICATION FILED FEB.9,1905.

7 SHBETS-SHEET 7.

u ra UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

JOSEPH BIJ UR, OF NEW YORK, N. Y., ASSIGNOR TO TH BATTERY OOMPAN Y, A CORPORATION OF NEW YORK.

ELECTRIC REGULATOR.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented Dec. 25, 1906.

Application filed February 9,1905. Serial No- 244.896. I

Y .To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, JOSEPH BIJUR, a itizen of the United States, and a resident of the borou h of Manhattan, State of F1 new and useful Improvements in Electric Regulators, of which the following is a specification, accompanied by drawings.

This inventlon relates to electrlc regulator and systems of regulation; and the objects of the invention are to improve u on the constructionand operation of suc regulators and obtain a large range of movement in the contact-controlllng devices by means of a relatively small movement 0 an electroresponsive device, whereby regulation of the circuits may produced t sensitiveness, and certainty of operation of a system of electric regulation correspondingly 5 increased.

To these ends the mventlon conslsts of a regulator and system of regulation for carry-1 ing out the above objects embodying the features of construction, combinations of elements, and arrangement of circuits, connections, and parts having the general mode of operation substantially as hereinafter fully described and claimed in this specification and shown in the accompanying rawings, 1n which Figure 1 is a side elevation of a regulator,

' sistances may be doubled, if desired. In all of the figures there may be as many resistances as desired without departing from the spirit of the invention. Fig. 8 is a detail perspective view of the segments shown in Ihe invention is shown in connection with a system of electric distribution in which storage batteries are used in addition to the generating-dynamo, and an auxiliary dynamo is provided to cause thebattery to city, county, and. ew York, have invented certain be more uickly and effectively an hereto ore and the efficiency,

'nectedto be varied both in creases or increases. The voltage of the auxiliary dynamo is made to vary in direction and amount, or both, as the voltage requirements of the system may necessitate. The object of such a system is to maintain a sub stantially constant load on the generatingdynamo with a fluctuating external load, and

I my improved regulator is especially efiicient course, the regulator may be used wit any system or in any connection in which itmay be found applicable.

Referring to all of the sheets of drawings, A represents a suitable-dynamo or source of supply connected to the mains band a, while the work portion of the system carrying the external load is represented by the conductors d and e. In this instance the load is represented by the lamps f, by way of illustration. Connected across the mains is shown a storage battery B, in series with which is arranged the armature of the auxiliary dynamo C, the field D of which is con direction and amount by the electromagnetic; controller which controls the resistances R and R, con.

nected in circuit with thefield-winding' D of dynamo C. The electric controller is soconchanges in the nected as to be responsive to external load of lamps f or other electrorecep'tlve devlces.

n F1g..1' two resistances R and R i are E GENERAL STORAGE- 1n attaining the desired object, althou h, of

fcharge or discharge as the external load de- 3 shown by way of illustration, in this instance connected in sections, as shown, to the indi' vidualsegments S of the series of segments-T T.

In Figs. 1 to 6, inclusive, theregulator is constructed to short-circuit one or the other of the resistances R R in such manner that when all of'on'e resistance is short-circuited the other resistance is all in circuit, there being-intermediate positions of the regulator in which portions of each resistance are shortcircuited.

insulated In Fig. 7 the resistances are controlled a contact moving along the contactsegments, and thus including more or less of the resist-- ances in circuit without, however, short-c'ir-, cuiting the same. i

In all of the drawings the electricregulator is controlled by a suitable electroresponsive device (shown 1n this instance as an electro-: .1 The magnet M) included in the main line.

- greatl .sponse..-is.;given.- by the regulator when the so. that aver slight movement of the'magnet-core 0 wt l reduce a very much greater movement oft e portions 0 the re lator which control the resistances R and R The sensitiveness of the a paratusis" thus very increased, an a substantially constant" cad on the'generating-dynamo witha fluctuating external load is-mor'e readilyobtained than heretofore, because aprompt reload first begins to change.

Qnemeans ctor obtaining; the desired multiplication ct motion-consists .of the flexible conducting fiat metallic springsV and V, re-

ipectively controlling the reslstances Rand As-shown, these springs-are arranged opposite the faces of the series of segments flexing and straightening the springs alter- .nately in such manner that as one spring V is straightened or extended and moved away from the segments T the other spring V -1s bent or flexed and forced or sprung against the segments T. In the position of the parts shown in Fig. 1 resistance R is included in circuit and resistance R is short-circuited.

In Fig. 1 suitable devices are shown operatively connectin the core 0 oi" magnet M with the-springs Q the operations described. In this instance a suitable lever Gispivoted at H to a support I and also pivotally connected at J to a rod K, connected to. the core 0. A retracting-spring L is shown connected to the lever G to oppose the attractive action of the magnet M. The springs V and V are suitably connected to thelever G,-as by means of the pivoted blocks P, provided with insulation .Q to insulate thesprings from the lever G and-(From each other. As the core 0 moves up and down in accordance with the energizationwof magnet M it will be seen that one spring willbe partially-straightened as the other'is bent more greatly.

.Anysuitable electric connections may be provided for causing an increase or decrease orreversal of the current in the field D of the auxiliary dynamo C, and, still referring 'to Fig. 1, it will be seen that in this instance the two. ends U andWofresistances Rand R are connected by awire 1, .while the other end X of resistance R is connected by wire 2 to one side of battery Band the other end Y of resistance R is connected by wire 3 to the other side of the battery B. From the point 4 0I1 WiI6-l8HWiIe 5 leads to one side of the field-coil D,-which coil, is alsb connected by wire 6 to the point 7;midway of the battery B.

and the junction-point 4 on the wire 1 bethrough I the resistances .and V for carrying out or short-circuited-no current fiows through the booster-field D and the electromotive force of. the, booster C is zero. Under these conditions there is no current in the field D, because there is no difference of potential between the middle point 7 of the battery B tween the resistances R and R. The circuit is complete from one and R tov the other, ole of the battery, and the -dro vthrou ii these two resistances inseries, eac

. half s ort-circuited, is equal to the-voltage of the battery, and since the resistancesare equal the drop through either one of them is equal to half the Volta e of the battery. The drop, therefore, from t e positive pole of the battery through resistance It is equal to one- .half the battery Volta e, and there will-be no vdifgerence of potentia between the points 4 If one resistance, as R,-is completely shortcircuited by means of the flexible member V, it is obvious that the potential of the point 4 will be the same as that of the positive .pole of the battery, and therefore. the full potential, equal to one-half the battery voltage, is impressed across the booster-field D, tending to cause a current-flow from the junction-point 4 through the field D to the oint 7 on the battery. The dropfrom the unction-point 4 through the entire-resist- .ance R to the negative pole of the battery is equal to the full battery voltage.

.Since the members V- and V amovetinversely to each other, when R is short-circuited R..has -all its resistance in circuit. Conversely, when R is short-circuitedallthe resistance of R is included in the circuit, and then the potential of the junction-point 4 is the same as that of the negative side of the battery, and the drop from the oint 4 through the resistance R to the positive side of the battery is equal to the full battery voltage. The current, therefore, wil1 flow through the booster-field D from the point 7 to the negative pole of the batterythat is to say in adirection opposite-tothat in gole of the battery which it flowed when R was short-circuited.

It is obvious, therefore, that the boosterfield D may be varied in strength from zero to a maxnnum in either direction and that any desired number of intermediate field 'In this mstance an arm 8 is connected to the rod K and pivoted at 9. Carried by the arm 8 is a supporting-piece 10, to which the the insulation 11.

, eseyzoa flexible members V and V are suitably connected and insulated therefrom by means of Connected to the arm 8 is a retracting-spring L. As the core of magnet M moves u and down it will be seen Fig. 3 is like :Fig. 1, except that two additional resistances are included in circuit and the electric connections are suitably changed to carry out the objects of the invention. In Fig. 3 the parts are so constructed and-the connections are such that resistances R and- R are included in circuit bymeans ofthe flexible conductors V'wh en resistances R and R are short-circuited by the flexible conductors V. Inother words, the. -two conductors V are operated inversely to the two conductors V'.. v

The electric connections in reality constitute a Wheatstone bridge, in which the diagona'lly opposite resistances are varied alike, while the adjacentresistances change inversely to each other, the booster-field D of the booster C being connected between the points 1.2 and 13 on the system in ai'position corres ending to the usual galvanom'eter used with t e Wheatstone-bridge. z i i s As shown, the resistances R and-1R are connected by. wire 14, and the resistances R- and R are connected bywire 15.. The junction-points .12 and"l3-are upon the wires 15 and .14.. .Wire's16 and 17 connect'th'effield D with oints 12 and 13...: From the positive side of t e system at the point 18 connection is 'madeby wire 19 to one side of resistance R and by wire 20 to one side of resistance R. From the negative side of the system'at the point 21 connection is made by wire 22 to one side of resistance Rand by wire 23 to one side of resistance R As shown, wires 19-and 20 join at the point 24 and wires22 and 23 join at the point 25.

. In the operation of the apparatus and system, with the position of the parts being such that resistances and R are entirely shortcircuited, while resistances R and R are entirely in circuit, the junction-point 13 will have the potential of the negative side of the system; which will bethe potential applied to oneterminal of the booster-field D. The junction-point-1-2 will be at the otential of thepositive side of the system, which will also be the potential ap lied to the other terminal of the booster-field DJ Therefore the full potential of the line or battery B is impressed across the booster-field D and in such a direction that current will flow fromthe point 18 on the positive side of thesystem, by wires 19 and 20, through resistance R and wires 15. and 16, to and through field D, back by wires 17 and 1451121 resistance 'R and Wire 22 tothe point 21 on-the negative side of the" system. Converse y, if resistances R and- R" are short-circuited, as shown in the drawing of Fig. 3, and resistances R and Rare entirely included in circuit it will be seen that the unction-point 12 will have the same potential as the negative side of the system, while "the junction-point 13 will have the same potential as the positive side of the system and the current will. flow from the point 18 on the positive side to the point 21 on the negative slde, but in a direction "through thefield D the reverse of that just described. In this case'current will flow from the poin'tf1'8, ;by.wire 19, through resistanceR and Wires 14 and 17 to and-through: the-field D,'back by wires 16 and 15, through resistance R and out by wires 23 and 22 to thelpoint 21 on :the negative side. In either instance so far described the fullpotential of the line or bat-- tery B is impressed across the booster-field 'D. It is obvious, however, thatfthebooster ;fleld' D may be varied in strength from zero to a maximum in either direction and any de- !sired number of intermediate field strengthsmay be obtained in accordance with the infverse variations R R"andR R i i In the operation 1 of the regulator, any {change in the load on the generator A will-result in a change in-the magnetization of the. magnet M, whichvaries the resistance and produces a corresponding change in'the vol- ?tage of the auxiliar dynamo C. When the @load on the externa circuit exceeds the nor- ;mal, an excitation i'sgiven to .the field D of of the two sets'of resistances dynamo C, which-causes the dynamo to gen-" 'erate' an electromotive force that adds itself to the electromotive force of the battery,- causing' the battery to discharge and assist the generator. Oonverselygwhen the external load falls-below the' normal an electro motive force is produced in the auxiliary dynamo Gin an op osite direction, which assists the generator vo tags to send current into the battery.

s In Fig. 4 another form of regulator is shown, in which the resistances R and R are connected to seriesof curved segments T and Ti. Suit-ably pivoted to the lever G are curved arrrs P and connected at their free ends by flexible c nductors or springs V and V which aread ted to conform to the curved outline of the insulated contacts T T As shown, the central contacts of these'ries T and T are made wider. or larger than the remaining contacts in order that the oneor the other of the'resistances R R ma "be ei'i tirely cut into circuit when one of t e flexible' conductors V or V is in the posit-ion shown at the right hand of Fig. 4. The curved arms P and P have a certain amount of spring or flexibility to accommodate the movements of the flexible conductors V V Fig..-4:is:also the same as that described for -'l3he electrical connections for the apparatus shown 4 are precisely :the same as :those shown for the apparatus in Fig. 1, and-:the wires and junction-points-are provided with .-.the same :re'ference characters. The operation of "the =-apparatns shown in 5.1a -.;form.-oferegulator.is shown in Whichrt e iresis'tanceslt and Raml seriesrof segments .T.;an d :Tare done away with andin their :stead the. flexible conduotors in .themselves: term resistances. In this iiiistance" two pairs-offiexible conductors V aand Ware.- connectedwlay means of the "pivoted pieces .I'P to the ilever 1 G. il hevlower ends of-thefpairs l ofconductors bear :against suitable :-abut-' ment-s 30.;and 31.,.:.and:1the construction-and: arrangementof the regulator are suchwthat; when-onemair 'of conductors V are-come pressed the other ipairzareextendetl.

Asone of the pairs of. conductors, :as'V", is compressed it \will :beseen that the conduc-. tors-.ap roach each other andmahe contactalongt eir length,thereby-decreasing-the re-' sis'tance in circuit, because the conductors V and V are :actually included in the electric circuits. dmFig. =5 the-conductors VEare on tirely included in circuit, while the -conduc-; tors V are-almost entirely .short-oircuited. 'llhe :arrangcmentl of. electric connections is substantia'llyithe same :as that described .in connectionwith Figs. 1,2,and4. .Thezabut ments and-3-hare in this instance shown as electric-conductors, .so' that :the innermost. conductors. V :and V are electrically :connectedsthrough the abutment 31, to which abutment the wire 5 is connected :at .lthe point 4. -,The wire 3 is connected :to oneof- -the --c,onductors V .throughztheabutment 30,

and-the wire2 is connected; to one ofithe-conductors -V through the-other abutment 30. Accrirdingtouthe :position of .the conductors V :and.iV" the current will flow: t-hlI0l1gh ll7h6'{ field-Din one direction or the other, or else tibiae -:be no current-flow through .-.said;

-.In Fig. "6 another form'ofelectric regulator is shown, in Which-the-contact-segments are arranged in. the form :ofcircles, forming-the. series T -and Tf". The resistasicesR :and R .are shown connected in this instance inside the circular series of segments. Flexible spring-conductors (which may be "termed: wra ping-conductors) V and V .-are suitabl eld Eillifl fixed position :at their-thinner on s bynmeans of. the screws a -and-are con-" nected at their outer-or thicker ends Ib= to-the links '0', whichin turn :are pivoted to the lever-G, connectedto be controlled by the. electromagnet M. Twoends'of 'athe =resist-. ances R. R are connected :by the wire 1,; from the 'unction1point4 of which the wire 5 leads to t e field-D of dynamo C. Thezother I end of resistance R -is connected "by wire 3 to.

the .positive side of the battery, while :the

- other end of resistance R is connected by the wire -.2 to the negative side of the battery. 'The wire 6 connects the field D-to the central ;point 7 on the battery.

' The mechanical devices of the regulator .are so constructed that one conductor V somewhat differently from the short-circuiting-regulators heretofore described. In the regulator illustrated in Fig.7 the resistances ERand R are not short-circuited b. thefiexifble spring-conductors Vand V; utawde'fimite-point of contact-between the se ments :and. the conductors is made :to trave along the series of so ments. .The series of segi ments .T and T in this instance are shown .angula'r'in form,..asillustrated iIrFig. 8. In theconstruction of the apparatus the points 33 of the trianguI-arport-ions ofthe-segments S are presented -to -'.the ed es of "the springconductors V and V, as il ustrated. in front view Fig. 7 and-in perspective in Fig. 8. 'The spring-conductors .V and V are provided with suitable a'butments 34, so that :accordin to the movementof the lever G one or the ot er of 113116 conductors will-be compressed or bent ,as shownat Vin Fig. 7. As the pressure on one or the other of the-conductors V V varies its form willchan e-and z-the point of. contact between :a con uctor rand-:aseries of so ments will travel up and down the len th o the series of-segments.

.In :order t atthe re uired variations of current may be produce in the field D an.

:suitab'le electrical connections are provide .As shown, the resistance R is connected across the line from the 'point 35 by wire'36' and ham the point 37 "by wire 38. The .-resistance R is connected by Wires 39 and 40 *to'points4] and 42 on wires3-6 and '38. The :field D of dynamoO is connected by wires 43 :and '44 to the flexible spring-conductors V .and'FV; respectively. Preferably an adjust- ;able stop 45 .is provided adjacent-one -end of '.=the lever G-to prevent :the voltage of'the booster C from rising abovea predetermined :amount when charging. e

the springs V V each bear'upon 'the. central-segments of theseries T T7,:there will ?be ,no difference of potential,' because the voltage drop through the resistance R is equal .to that through resistance R, and

. will be unwrapped from the circular segand the 'upper'and lower segments t ere will be various values of electromotive force between the sprmgs in one direction or the other, bymeans. of which construction and the a operation the excitation of the field D, and consequently the'voltage of the armature of uxiliary dynamo C, will vary in position and amount with the distortion of the springs under compression orextension.

When the s rings are in the osition shown in Fi 7, so t at the contact etween s ring V an the segment T" is made at the ower segment S and the contact with spring V is made'at the upper segment S of t e series T, it will beseen that the spring V will be at the same potential as he os1tive side of the system, while the spring will have the potential of the negative si e, and there will e between these two springs which are, as described, included in circuit,

the full volta e of the source of excitatin -current for t e field D, the current passing Irom the point on the positive side of the system by series 36 and 39 to and throu h sprin V, thence by wire 44 to and throug G thence b wire 43 to and through a portion of spring and thence by wire 38 to the oint 37 on the-negative side of the system.

en the position of the springs V V is reversed, the full line potential will be imgrossed upon the field D ,-but in the opposite irection.

According to this invention it will be seen that in all of the fi res the change in resistance included in circuit is produced by the distortion of aflexible member, and consequently a large range of motion is produced b comparatively small range of movement of an applied force. The surfaces of contact between the flexible member and the segments may be so shaped as to give any desired increment of resistance change with a given change in applied force. The flexible members may be so proportioned as to cut in or out'any desired or given amount of resistance for a given change in the actuating force. The resistances between adjacent points or along a given or predetermined distance may be so proportioned as to produce any desired change of resistance in circuit for a given change in actuating force.

Obviously'some features of this invention may be used without others and the invention may be embodied in widely-varying forms.

Therefore, without limiting the invention to the constructions shown and described nor enumerating equivalents, I claim, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, the following:

1. In an electric regulator, the combinathe fie d D of dynamo tion of a series of insulated contacts, a resistance connected thereto, a resilient flexible conducting-strip adapted to bear against the faces of said contacts and thereby short-circult the resistance, electroresponsive means for operating said strip in one direction and means for exerting a mechanical force in an opposite direction. 7

'2. In an electric regulator, the combination ofa series of insulated contacts, a resistance connected thereto, a resilient flexible conductor adapted to bear against said contacts and thereby short-circuit the resistance, electrores onsive means for bending said conductor in one direction and means for exerting a mechanical force in an opposite direction. I

3. In an electric regulator, the combination of a series of insulated contacts, a resistance connected thereto, a resilient flexible conductor'adapted to bear against said contacts and thereby short-circuit the resistance, electroresponsi've means for distorting said conductor in one direction to control the resistance, and means for exerting a mechan; ical force in an opposite direction.

4. In an electric regulator, the combination of two series of insulated contacts, resistances connected thereto, resilient flexible conducting-strips, adapted to bear against the faces of said series of contacts and thereby short-circuit the resistances, electroresponsive means for operating said strips and means for exerting a mechanical force opposing said operating means.

5. In an electric regulator, the combination of two series of insulated contacts, resistances connected thereto, resilient flexible conducting-strips adapted to bear against the faces of said series of contacts and shortcircuit one resistance while including the other in circuit, electroresponsive means for operating said strips, and means for exerting a mechanical force opposing said operating means.

6. In an electric regulator, the combination of aplurality of series of insulated contacts, resistances connected thereto, resilient flexible conducting-strips adapted to make contact with said insulated contacts, electroresponsive means for distorting said strips in one direction to vary the resistances, and means for exerting a mechanical force in an opposite direction.

7. In an electric regulator, the combination of aplurality of series of insulated contacts, resistances connected thereto, flexible conducting-strips adapted to make contact with said insulated contacts,*electroresponsive means for distorting said strips in one direction and thereby varying said resistances inversely, and means for exerting a mechanical force in an o posite direction.

8. The combination 0 a plurality of series of insulated contacts, resistances connected thereto, flexible conducting-strips adapted to make contact with said insulated contacts, means for distorting said strips to vary the resistances, means controlled by said resistances, and a stop to limit the distortion of the flexible members.

9. The combination of a plnralityof series of insulated contacts, resistances connected thereto, flexible conducting-strips adapted to make contact with said insulated contacts, means for distorting said strips and thereby varying said resistances .nversely, means controlled by said resistances, and a stop to limit the distortion oi the members.

1 0. In an electric regulator, the combinetion ofa series of insulated contacts, a resistance connected thereto, a resilient flexible conducting-strip adapted to cooperate with and make contact against the faoes'of said contacts and thereby short-circuit the resistance, \electroresponsive means tor-operating said strip and means for exerting a mechanical force opposing said operating means.

In testimony whereof -I have signed this specification in the presence of twosubserib ing witnesses.

' JOSEPH BIJUR.

Witnesses E. VAN .ZANDT, H. G. OGDEN, Sr.

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