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US8355415B2 - Method for operating an ignition device, and an ignition device - Google Patents

Method for operating an ignition device, and an ignition device Download PDF

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Publication number
US8355415B2
US8355415B2 US12/301,865 US30186507A US8355415B2 US 8355415 B2 US8355415 B2 US 8355415B2 US 30186507 A US30186507 A US 30186507A US 8355415 B2 US8355415 B2 US 8355415B2
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US
United States
Prior art keywords
laser
pump light
passive
switching system
active solid
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Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Fee Related, expires
Application number
US12/301,865
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English (en)
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US20100296530A1 (en
Inventor
Werner Herden
Manfred Vogel
Heiko Ridderbusch
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Robert Bosch GmbH
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Robert Bosch GmbH
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Assigned to ROBERT BOSCH GMBH reassignment ROBERT BOSCH GMBH ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: RIDDERBUSCH, HEIKO, HERDEN, WERNER, VOGEL, MANFRED
Publication of US20100296530A1 publication Critical patent/US20100296530A1/en
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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02P—IGNITION, OTHER THAN COMPRESSION IGNITION, FOR INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINES; TESTING OF IGNITION TIMING IN COMPRESSION-IGNITION ENGINES
    • F02P23/00—Other ignition
    • F02P23/04—Other physical ignition means, e.g. using laser rays
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02P—IGNITION, OTHER THAN COMPRESSION IGNITION, FOR INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINES; TESTING OF IGNITION TIMING IN COMPRESSION-IGNITION ENGINES
    • F02P9/00—Electric spark ignition control, not otherwise provided for
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01S—DEVICES USING THE PROCESS OF LIGHT AMPLIFICATION BY STIMULATED EMISSION OF RADIATION [LASER] TO AMPLIFY OR GENERATE LIGHT; DEVICES USING STIMULATED EMISSION OF ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION IN WAVE RANGES OTHER THAN OPTICAL
    • H01S3/00—Lasers, i.e. devices using stimulated emission of electromagnetic radiation in the infrared, visible or ultraviolet wave range
    • H01S3/05—Construction or shape of optical resonators; Accommodation of active medium therein; Shape of active medium
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01S—DEVICES USING THE PROCESS OF LIGHT AMPLIFICATION BY STIMULATED EMISSION OF RADIATION [LASER] TO AMPLIFY OR GENERATE LIGHT; DEVICES USING STIMULATED EMISSION OF ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION IN WAVE RANGES OTHER THAN OPTICAL
    • H01S3/00—Lasers, i.e. devices using stimulated emission of electromagnetic radiation in the infrared, visible or ultraviolet wave range
    • H01S3/09—Processes or apparatus for excitation, e.g. pumping
    • H01S3/091—Processes or apparatus for excitation, e.g. pumping using optical pumping
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01S—DEVICES USING THE PROCESS OF LIGHT AMPLIFICATION BY STIMULATED EMISSION OF RADIATION [LASER] TO AMPLIFY OR GENERATE LIGHT; DEVICES USING STIMULATED EMISSION OF ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION IN WAVE RANGES OTHER THAN OPTICAL
    • H01S3/00—Lasers, i.e. devices using stimulated emission of electromagnetic radiation in the infrared, visible or ultraviolet wave range
    • H01S3/23—Arrangements of two or more lasers not provided for in groups H01S3/02 - H01S3/22, e.g. tandem arrangements of separate active media
    • H01S3/2308—Amplifier arrangements, e.g. MOPA
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02P—IGNITION, OTHER THAN COMPRESSION IGNITION, FOR INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINES; TESTING OF IGNITION TIMING IN COMPRESSION-IGNITION ENGINES
    • F02P9/00—Electric spark ignition control, not otherwise provided for
    • F02P9/002—Control of spark intensity, intensifying, lengthening, suppression
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01S—DEVICES USING THE PROCESS OF LIGHT AMPLIFICATION BY STIMULATED EMISSION OF RADIATION [LASER] TO AMPLIFY OR GENERATE LIGHT; DEVICES USING STIMULATED EMISSION OF ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION IN WAVE RANGES OTHER THAN OPTICAL
    • H01S3/00—Lasers, i.e. devices using stimulated emission of electromagnetic radiation in the infrared, visible or ultraviolet wave range
    • H01S3/05—Construction or shape of optical resonators; Accommodation of active medium therein; Shape of active medium
    • H01S3/06—Construction or shape of active medium
    • H01S3/0627—Construction or shape of active medium the resonator being monolithic, e.g. microlaser
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01S—DEVICES USING THE PROCESS OF LIGHT AMPLIFICATION BY STIMULATED EMISSION OF RADIATION [LASER] TO AMPLIFY OR GENERATE LIGHT; DEVICES USING STIMULATED EMISSION OF ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION IN WAVE RANGES OTHER THAN OPTICAL
    • H01S3/00—Lasers, i.e. devices using stimulated emission of electromagnetic radiation in the infrared, visible or ultraviolet wave range
    • H01S3/09—Processes or apparatus for excitation, e.g. pumping
    • H01S3/091—Processes or apparatus for excitation, e.g. pumping using optical pumping
    • H01S3/094—Processes or apparatus for excitation, e.g. pumping using optical pumping by coherent light
    • H01S3/094096—Multi-wavelength pumping
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01S—DEVICES USING THE PROCESS OF LIGHT AMPLIFICATION BY STIMULATED EMISSION OF RADIATION [LASER] TO AMPLIFY OR GENERATE LIGHT; DEVICES USING STIMULATED EMISSION OF ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION IN WAVE RANGES OTHER THAN OPTICAL
    • H01S3/00—Lasers, i.e. devices using stimulated emission of electromagnetic radiation in the infrared, visible or ultraviolet wave range
    • H01S3/10—Controlling the intensity, frequency, phase, polarisation or direction of the emitted radiation, e.g. switching, gating, modulating or demodulating
    • H01S3/11—Mode locking; Q-switching; Other giant-pulse techniques, e.g. cavity dumping
    • H01S3/1123—Q-switching
    • H01S3/113—Q-switching using intracavity saturable absorbers

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a method for operating an ignition device for an internal combustion engine, in particular of a motor vehicle, having a laser device which includes a laser-active solid having a passive Q-switching system as well as an optical amplifier connected downstream from the passive Q-switching system, the laser device generating a laser pulse for radiating into a combustion chamber, and the ignition device having a pump light source which provides a pump light for the laser-active solid and the optical amplifier of the laser device.
  • the present invention also relates to an ignition device of this type.
  • the operating method stated above, or the corresponding ignition device is known and is used, in particular, in laser-based ignition systems of internal combustion engines in the automotive sector.
  • the known ignition devices having a passive Q-switching system are unable to generate laser pulses of variable output energy, in particular when using a single pump light source.
  • An ignition device including a laser is known from DE 199 11 737.
  • Example embodiments of the present invention provide an operating method of the type stated above and a corresponding ignition device such that it may be operated more flexibly and, in particular, is designed to emit laser pulses of variable output energy.
  • an operating method of the type stated above includes controlling the energy of the laser pulse by varying a wavelength of the pump light.
  • the absorption length in the laser-active solid or in the optical amplifier varies accordingly. This means that, due to correspondingly varied absorption ratios, the pump light emits different amounts of energy to the laser-active solid or to the optical amplifier at different wavelengths of the pump light, which results in the buildup of a population inversion in a manner which is known per se.
  • the energy of the laser pulse formed in the laser-active solid is substantially determined solely by the selection of the solid material, the characteristics of the passive Q-switching system, an output coupling mirror and a volume of the laser-active solid to which pump light is applied. These parameters are generally fixed for structural reasons, and therefore are not dynamically variable.
  • an amount of pump light energy which is varied by the variation of the pump light wavelength and is supplied to the optical amplifier affects the degree of the population inversion formed in the optical amplifier so that the laser pulse formed in the oscillator of the laser-active solid may be advantageously amplified by a different amount—as a function of the pump light wavelength—before the pulse is radiated into the combustion chamber by the laser device.
  • the degree of optical amplification by the optical amplifier therefore is directly dependent on the wavelength of the pump light used, as well as on the energy of the correspondingly amplified laser pulse.
  • FIG. 1 shows a schematic representation of an internal combustion engine having an ignition device according to an example embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 2 shows a detail of the ignition device according to an example embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 3 shows a diagram which schematically depicts the curve of an absorption of pump light within a laser-active solid and the curve of an optical amplifier of the ignition device according to an example embodiment of the present invention over the length thereof.
  • an internal combustion engine is identified as a whole by reference numeral 10 .
  • the internal combustion engine is used to drive a motor vehicle.
  • Internal combustion engine 10 includes multiple cylinders, only one of which is identified by reference numeral 12 in FIG. 1 .
  • a combustion chamber 14 of cylinder 12 is limited by a piston 16 .
  • Fuel enters combustion chamber 14 directly via an injector 18 , which is connected to a fuel pressure accumulator 20 , which is also referred to as a rail or a common rail.
  • Fuel 22 injected into combustion chamber 14 is ignited by a laser pulse 24 , which is radiated into combustion chamber 14 by an ignition device 27 including a laser device 26 .
  • laser device 26 is supplied with a pump light via an optical waveguide device 28 , the pump light being provided by a pump light source 30 .
  • Pump light source 30 is controlled by a control and regulating device 32 , which also activates injector 18 .
  • pump light source 30 may be a semiconductor laser diode which emits a corresponding pump light to laser device 26 via optical waveguide device 28 as a function of a control current.
  • semiconductor laser diodes and other compact pump light sources are preferred for use in the automotive sector, any type of pump light source in which the wavelength of the pump light is adjustable may, in principle, be used for operating ignition device 27 .
  • FIG. 2 shows a schematic representation of a detailed view of laser device 26 from FIG. 1 .
  • laser device 26 includes a laser-active solid 44 , optically downstream from which a passive Q-switching system 46 , also referred to as a Q-switch, is situated.
  • a passive Q-switching system 46 also referred to as a Q-switch
  • laser active solid 44 together with passive Q-switching system 46 as well as input coupling mirror 42 located on the left side thereof in FIG. 2 and output coupling mirror 48 , forms a laser oscillator whose oscillation response depends on passive Q-switching system 46 and is thus controllable at least indirectly in a manner which is known per se.
  • pump light 60 is directed by optical waveguide device 28 described above with reference to FIG. 1 from pump light source 30 , which is also described above, onto an existing input coupling objective symbolized by a bi-convex lens 40 , which focuses pump light 60 onto input coupling mirror 42 . Since input coupling mirror 42 is permeable to the wavelengths of pump light 60 , pump light 60 penetrates laser-active solid 44 and produces a population inversion therein, which is known per se.
  • passive Q-switching system 46 While passive Q-switching system 46 is in its idle state, in which it has a relatively low transmission coefficient, operation of the laser in laser-active solid 44 or in solid 44 , 46 limited by input coupling mirror 42 and output coupling mirror 48 is avoided. As the pumping duration increases, however, the radiation intensity in laser oscillator 42 , 44 , 46 , 48 also increases so that passive Q-switching system 46 fades, i.e., its transmission coefficient increases, and laser operation begins in laser oscillator 42 , 44 , 46 , 48 .
  • laser pulse 24 which is also referred to as a giant pulse and which has a relatively high peak power. If necessary, laser pulse 24 is coupled into combustion chamber 14 ( FIG. 1 ) of internal combustion engine 10 , using a further optical waveguide device or directly through a combustion chamber window of laser device 26 , so that fuel 22 present therein is ignited.
  • the laser pulse formed in laser-active solid 44 is also optically amplified by downstream optical amplifier 70 before laser pulse 24 is radiated into combustion chamber 14 .
  • optical amplifier 70 is pumped by pump light 60 of pump light source 30 , so that a population inversion which may be used to amplify a laser pulse also builds up in optical amplifier 70 as soon as passive Q-switching system 46 allows the laser to be operated in laser oscillator 42 , 44 , 46 , 48 and thus allows a laser pulse to be generated.
  • optical amplifier 70 is pumped by pump light 60 which previously passed through components 44 , 46 .
  • varying the wavelength of pump light 60 does not affect laser pulses generated by laser oscillator 42 , 44 , 46 , 48 or its energy.
  • a variation of the wavelength of pump light 60 which is also used to pump optical amplifier 70 , affects the degree of the population inversion in optical amplifier 70 and thus also the energy available for amplifying a laser pulse passing therein.
  • the absorption curve identified by reference letter A in FIG. 3 is obtained which represents a relative absorption of pump light 60 over a position coordinate x, measured in the radiation direction of pump light 60 .
  • the radiation direction of pump light 60 runs from left to right in FIG. 2 , i.e., pump light 60 first penetrates laser-active solid 44 and then penetrates passive Q-switching system 46 and finally penetrates optical amplifier 70 .
  • Laser-active solid 44 , passive Q-switching system 46 and downstream optical amplifier 70 are also illustrated schematically above the absorption diagram in FIG. 3 , a gap being provided, however, between passive Q-switching system 46 and optical amplifier 70 , i.e., between position coordinates x 0 , x 1 for the purpose of better clarity, in contrast to the configuration according to FIG. 2 .
  • the relative absorption of pump light 60 according to curve A at a first wavelength in components 44 , 46 is approximately 80%, which is represented by value a_ 2 . Accordingly, only approximately 20% remains for the relative absorption of pump light 60 in downstream optical amplifier 70 . In this case, optical amplifier 70 will therefore be able to carry out only a relatively small amplification of laser pulse 24 .
  • Curve B which is also illustrated in FIG. 3 , is obtained at a second wavelength set for pump light 60 .
  • an absorption behavior which is completely different compared to curve A is obtained, so that a relative absorption of only approximately 50% of the pump light energy occurs in components 44 , 46 , identified by value a_ 1 .
  • Pumping via pump light 60 at the second wavelength therefore makes it possible to generate a laser pulse 24 having more energy than is the case when using the first wavelength for pump light 60 .
  • the wavelength of pump light 60 is selected in such a way that the relative absorption of pump light 60 in components 44 , 46 is only approximately 25% (see value a_ 0 ). In this case, approximately 75% of the pump light energy remains for pumping optical amplifier 70 , which is able to amplify a laser pulse passing through it to a correspondingly large extent.
  • the selection of different wavelengths for pump light 60 ensures a presettable distribution of pump light energy to components 44 , 46 , on the one hand, and optical amplifier 70 , on the other hand. Due to the relatively easy-to-implement variation of the wavelength of pump light 60 , it is therefore possible to also set the amplification of optical amplifier 70 and thus ultimately the energy of a laser pulse 24 .
  • the wavelength of pump light 60 may be advantageously varied, for example by setting a temperature of the semiconductor laser diode.
  • optical amplifier 70 is situated downstream from laser-active solid 44 or its passive Q-switching system 46 such that optical amplifier 70 is preferably supplied only by such a pump light of pump light source 30 which passes through laser-active solid 44 and/or passive Q-switching system 46 . In this case, it is ensured that a particularly efficient utilization of pump light 60 takes place.
  • the length of laser-active solid 44 and/or passive Q-switching system 46 along a radiation direction x ( FIG. 3 ) of pump light 60 is advantageously selected such that pump light 60 is not fully absorbed already in laser-active solid 44 and/or passive Q-switching system 46 for at least a portion of the utilized wavelengths of pump light 60 , thereby enabling at least a portion of pump light 60 to reach optical amplifier 70 and result in the buildup of a population inversion therein.
  • An example embodiment of the method according to the present invention is characterized in that laser pulses 24 having the maximum possible energy are generated, preferably periodically, to clean a combustion chamber window of laser device 26 .
  • the laser pulses having the maximum possible energy are advantageously generated only if an ignitable air/fuel mixture provided for a future operating cycle is not present in combustion chamber 14 , so that unintentional ignition is avoided.
  • a further advantage thereof lies in the fact that high levels of radiant power of laser pulses 24 are not unnecessarily applied to the combustion chamber window of laser device 26 , which has an advantageous effect on the life of the combustion chamber window.
  • the radiant power emitted by pumped light source 30 may be varied as needed.
  • a relatively high radiant power of pump light source 30 may be set at a first wavelength of pump light 60 at which the absorption of pump light 60 in components 44 , 46 is relatively low (see curve C from FIG. 3 ), for the purpose of exciting a laser operation in a relatively short period of time, despite the low absorption of pump light 60 in components 44 , 46 .
  • the radiant power of pump light 60 may be reduced accordingly to achieve a comparable latency time.
  • the principle hereof is also applicable to laser devices having more than one pump light source. It may also be advantageously used in steady-state engines.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Optics & Photonics (AREA)
  • Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Lasers (AREA)
US12/301,865 2006-06-29 2007-06-04 Method for operating an ignition device, and an ignition device Expired - Fee Related US8355415B2 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102006029996.5 2006-06-29
DE102006029996A DE102006029996A1 (de) 2006-06-29 2006-06-29 Betriebsverfahren für eine Zündeinrichtung und Zündeinrichtung
DE102006029996 2006-06-29
PCT/EP2007/055447 WO2008000585A1 (fr) 2006-06-29 2007-06-04 Procédé pour faire fonctionner un dispositif d'allumage et dispositif d'allumage

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US20100296530A1 US20100296530A1 (en) 2010-11-25
US8355415B2 true US8355415B2 (en) 2013-01-15

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US12/301,865 Expired - Fee Related US8355415B2 (en) 2006-06-29 2007-06-04 Method for operating an ignition device, and an ignition device

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US (1) US8355415B2 (fr)
EP (1) EP2038544A1 (fr)
JP (1) JP5086341B2 (fr)
KR (1) KR101092758B1 (fr)
DE (1) DE102006029996A1 (fr)
WO (1) WO2008000585A1 (fr)

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20110235670A1 (en) * 2006-08-22 2011-09-29 Werner Herden Method for operating a pump light source having a diode laser
US20110259291A1 (en) * 2008-04-17 2011-10-27 Heiko Ridderbusch Laser device and operating method for it
US20120312267A1 (en) * 2009-12-14 2012-12-13 Heiko Ridderbusch Laser ignition system

Families Citing this family (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102007021915A1 (de) * 2007-05-10 2008-11-20 Robert Bosch Gmbh Lasereinrichtung und Betriebsverfahren hierfür
DE102008047236B3 (de) * 2008-09-08 2010-06-02 Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt e.V. Vorrichtung und Verfahren zum Zünden eines Brennstoff-Oxidator-Gemisches
DE102009001664A1 (de) * 2009-03-19 2010-09-23 Robert Bosch Gmbh Lasersystem und Zündeinrichtung für eine Brennkraftmaschine
EP3183448B1 (fr) 2014-08-18 2021-01-13 Woodward, Inc. Allumeur de chalumeau
US11421601B2 (en) 2019-03-28 2022-08-23 Woodward, Inc. Second stage combustion for igniter
WO2021262853A1 (fr) 2020-06-23 2021-12-30 Woodward, Inc. Système d'allumage pour moteur de génération d'énergie

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US6796278B2 (en) * 2001-05-24 2004-09-28 Southwest Research Institute Methods and apparatuses for laser ignited engines
US20060120418A1 (en) * 2004-12-07 2006-06-08 Imra America, Inc. Yb: and Nd: mode-locked oscillators and fiber systems incorporated in solid-state short pulse laser systems
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US20060159132A1 (en) * 2005-01-19 2006-07-20 Young York E System and method for a passively Q-switched, resonantly pumped, erbium-doped crystalline laser
US7421166B1 (en) * 2006-08-04 2008-09-02 The United States Of America As Represented By The United States Department Of Energy Laser spark distribution and ignition system

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JPH05327103A (ja) 1992-05-25 1993-12-10 Mitsui Petrochem Ind Ltd 固体レーザ装置
US6514069B1 (en) * 1997-04-21 2003-02-04 The Regents Of The University Of California Laser ignition
US6676402B1 (en) * 1997-04-21 2004-01-13 The Regents Of The University Of California Laser ignition
JP2000298200A (ja) 1999-04-13 2000-10-24 Agency Of Ind Science & Technol レーザー励起型ｘ線源
US6796278B2 (en) * 2001-05-24 2004-09-28 Southwest Research Institute Methods and apparatuses for laser ignited engines
JP2006144618A (ja) * 2004-11-18 2006-06-08 Nippon Soken Inc レーザ点火装置
JP2006153985A (ja) 2004-11-25 2006-06-15 Mitsubishi Electric Corp 波長変換レーザ装置
US20060120418A1 (en) * 2004-12-07 2006-06-08 Imra America, Inc. Yb: and Nd: mode-locked oscillators and fiber systems incorporated in solid-state short pulse laser systems
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US7421166B1 (en) * 2006-08-04 2008-09-02 The United States Of America As Represented By The United States Department Of Energy Laser spark distribution and ignition system

Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20110235670A1 (en) * 2006-08-22 2011-09-29 Werner Herden Method for operating a pump light source having a diode laser
US9136664B2 (en) * 2006-08-22 2015-09-15 Robert Bosch Method for operating a pump light source having a diode laser
US20110259291A1 (en) * 2008-04-17 2011-10-27 Heiko Ridderbusch Laser device and operating method for it
US8656879B2 (en) * 2008-04-17 2014-02-25 Robert Bosch Gmbh Laser device and operating method for it
US20120312267A1 (en) * 2009-12-14 2012-12-13 Heiko Ridderbusch Laser ignition system

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Publication number Publication date
KR20090015144A (ko) 2009-02-11
JP5086341B2 (ja) 2012-11-28
JP2009541649A (ja) 2009-11-26
EP2038544A1 (fr) 2009-03-25
KR101092758B1 (ko) 2011-12-09
WO2008000585A1 (fr) 2008-01-03
US20100296530A1 (en) 2010-11-25
DE102006029996A1 (de) 2008-01-03

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