US825281A - Condenser. - Google Patents

Description

PATENTED JULY 3, 190-6.

J. STUMPP. CONDENSER. APPLIQATION FILED DEG. 20, 1901.

4 SHEETS-SHEET 1.

No. 825,281. PATENTED JULY'3, 1906.

J. STUMPP. GONDENSER, APPLIOATIONTILED 1mg. 20, 1901.

4 SHEETSSHEET 2.

z/ZZIQ asses: [22 wen (Z1 I, Ja/kmn PATENTED JULY 3, 1906. J. STUMPF. CONDENSER.

APPLIGATION'PILED DBO. 20, 1901.

4 SHBETS-SHEET a.

No. 825,281. PATENTED JULY 3, 1906.

'J. STUMPP. CONDENSER.

APPLICATION FILED DB0.'20,1901.

4 SHEETS-SHEET 4.

-' o the turbine-wheel movin on.

JOHANYSTUMPF, OF BERLIN, GERMANY.

CONDENSER.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented July 3, 1906.

Application filed December 20. 1901. Sean No. 86,711.

To all whom, it may concern.-

Be it known tha l,.loimx.\' S'ruiirr, a sol.- ject of the Kingoi lrussia,German Emperor, and a resident of 27 Itankestrasse, Berlin,

Kingdom of Prussia, German Empire, have invented new and useful Improvements i1 Condensers, of which the folltnving is an exact specification.

My invention relates to a new and im- IO proved condenser in form of a turbine-heel provided with a rim having buckets or vanes, around which rim- :1 second non-rotatable socalled leading-vane rim is situated.

My invention is represented on the accomi5 panying drawings, in which Figure] is a vertical section of the whole condenser. Fig. .5 is a vertical section oi part otthe turbin -wheel rim and the leading-bucket rim to an enlarged scale.

"vidcd with my new condenser. l is 2 side view of the tnxbine .-;li()\\'ll in l*ig. I),

In case water or other liquid and air arc brought int a tn;l inc\\'hccl at or near the center of the same ,hc llnid will by the rotation of the \\'l1ccl al\\'21.'s be discharged throuyl'; the bucket spaces or channels and will always flow along that 'wall oi the channcb which are situated opposite to the direction 0 of rotation, or, in ther words,- the fluid will flow along the rear wall. A small pa-ssagc will remam in every channel lor the an. steam, or the. like contained in the chamber in which the turBine-wlurcl rotates, which passage is situate between the water and that wall ot the channel which is situated at that side in thc dircction in which the rotating turbme-wlu-el moves. The continual streams of an', steam, or'thc like and water 40 escaping l'rom the'turliinc-wlu-el are continually interrupted b the buckets ol'' the same passing the fixed leading buckets or vanes ol the outer rim. As: soon as the channels of both bucket-rims are situated one above theother, or, in other words, momentarilv register, the columns of watcr pass from the turbine-wheel into the channels 'bctwecn the leading buckets. i -litmus oi" water arefinterrupted again by Now as air oe'stea'm ontinually passes to the leadingbucket rim and enters the channels of the same small quantities of air or steam are alwavs-inclosed or pocketed by quantities of 'water entering at. the moment when the chan- 20 is a vertical section oi a st'eam turbimpro- Att-he next moment these i consequencethereof small disconnected colthe leading bucket, which columns of water drive the air, steam, gas, or the like contained fluid between them to the outer circumference ot' the leadingbucket-rim byreason of the centrifugal force PI'OtlttCQLl by the revolution of the turbine-whecl. This at rangement may be used for condensing steam as well as for pun ping, or even :t'or compressing air or the like gases. If air or gases are to be drawn ol'l' by means oi this apparatus, it will-be sufficient to have the channels of the leading-bucket. rim of the same area all over, while in case the gases are at the same. time to be compressed it will be necessary to conininish toward the. outer circumference. of the rim.

The apparatus ma advantageously be used for condensing steam, as the columns of water formed during the rotation of the turbine-wheel within the channels of the leading-bucket rim cause a very fine distribution of the water, the steam bein in'closcd between the numerous small water columns,

when-b a large surface is formed, on which surface the steam condenses.

tum ot' the ater is transformed into etl'oct by 'the velocity of the same boing'gradually reduced and at; the Same time the condenserpressure is being augmented up to the pressure of the outer atmosphere. Around the.

into which the water and the steam or thewater of condensa lion aro'or is thrown, and from which casing it is led oil through an outflow-pipe.

'llic condenser arrangement abovedescribed has a'gr'eat: advantage over the conncls are situated one above the other. In

The motor t'or driving the turbine-wheel Between the leading buckets the-momendensers hitherto used, inasmuch as the prestimns of water arc formed in the channels of struct the channels so that their area will di on tel lead ing-bucket rim a casing is provided,

the leading-bucket rim, through'which annular space a cpld-ainstream 1s drawn by means rotated by means of a steam-turb1ne, an elecneeds, therefore, onlyso much. ower as the turbine-wheel needs additio'na power for overcoming part of .the atmospheric pressure. In case only a small quantitiy of Water-is used thest paratus may advantageously be constructe to form a condenser in which the same water is always used over again for condensing purposes, so that the water e111 al- Ways circulate. In order-to attain this purpose, an annular space must be left free around of a revolving fan or the "like ventilator.

. This current of cold air passes through they p wheel I) the leading-bucket rim is arranged.

finely-distributed hot water and effects I quick. evaporation of the same. The a1r-cur- 5 rent thus saturated with steam is led off;

through an exhaust-pipe. By the eva oral tion the tem erature of the water is re need 1 in the same egree as it was augmented withg in the turbine-wheel or within the channels 1 between the leading buckets by the condensa-- tion of the steann Hereby is attained that on the outside of the leading --bucket rim nearly the same quantity of water is .va-porized, whichquantity is formed witoin the channels of the lezidmg-bucket rim by means of the condensation. The water once used 1 and cooled-again can be collected in areseri (lensing apparatus.

voir and from there be. drawn back-into the, condenser. In this case the velocity corresponding to an air-pressure of about ten-meters of water-'pressure that is to say, the] pressure of about one atmosphere-is utilized for driving the turbine wheel, andonly a very small quantity of additional power for driving this wheel is necessary, contrary to the condensers used until now, in'which it is not "possible to utilize the whole Water-pressure.

A further advantage of the new condenser f. is the lack of all kinds of valves, which often render all kinds of repairs necessary in con- 5 pecially advantageous and useful for steaml turbin'es-.- It. is clear that all complicated driving mechanisms usually employed hitherto in condensing apparatus are now entirely perfectly superfluous. v 1

In Figs. 1 and 2 of the drawings-a con:- denser constructed according to my inven' tion is shown. The water and air enter the l turbine-wheel near the center of the same.

these buckets in separate columns a.

be seen from the urawingsthat the water The water is then divided up betweenthe numeLous buckets of the turbine-wheel; rim and flows'through the channels'm between It will flows along that wall of the channels opposite tothc direction inwhich the wheel rotates.-

By the water entering the leading bucket- I rim columns of'water are formed. A certain quantity of Water passes from each channel m of the turbih-wheel inone of the channels n of the leading-bucket rim. In consequence l of. the continuous interruption of. the con The condensers are es with the water near the center of-the turbinewheel; but it will be understood that it may equally well be admitted betiweenthe turbine- I Wheel and the leading-bucketriin. In'Fi'g. I the latter arrangement is shown. 9 The turbine-wheel l) is fixed to the shaft a, which is tric motor, or the like. Around the turbine- Thewater enters the turbine-Wheel by -the pipe dand the chamber Thesteam enters by the vertical pipe 9 and passes through the pipes h and o to the turbine wheel. It enters this wheel between the rim of the same and the leading-bucket rim. To the annular chamber p, provided around the leading I bucket rim 3 a channel 1" is connected-, in

E which channel revolves a fan 8 or the like on the shaft a. This fan sucks a cold aii' stream through the chamber leaving the leading-hue this chamber is cooled. The water can then be collected underneath the condenser in a' reservoir and can be brought back from there to the turbine-wheel. that the apparatus described can also be used, for removing the condensation water, steam, and air out of a'so-called surface-condenser.

is fixed directly upon the shaft of the engine It will be understoo so that the water j et rim 0 and entering Ioc Incase the bucket-wheel'of the condenser 0 for which the condenser is provided a me chanical efliciency of one hundred per cent. can be attained. The condenser can most advantageously be used in connection with steam-turbines, in which case abueket-whecl can be situated within the turbine-casing and fixed to the turbineshaft. Besides the great efficiency this arrangement has the advantags that a special condensing 'vessel and herewith all the auxiliary means which .are

i necessary for a .separate condenser, which means are driven by the engine, are no longer necessary. The result hereof is naturaslly a very considerable simplification and eheapening of thewhole arrangement. Furthermore,

itmust be taken in consideration that the way the steam has to pass from the turbinewheelto the condenser is as small as possibly.- can be attained .Anexample of such an ar--' rangement is shown in Figs. 3 aud t of the ac: co'mpanying drawin s. The turbine-wheel A, with a relatively Iarg within the closed casing ,C. to :a shaft B; Around the t'urbine wheel A the steam-ad- I mission channel D is situatedfrom which thesteam is led to 'theturbihekwheei through the admission-nozzles D.v In thedrawin s a turbin'e with double buckets, s'o-cal-led""- 'elton e diameter, is fixed buckets, is shown, in which the steam enters in the middle between the two buckets and streams through the buckets to the sides. Upon the shaft B bucket-wheels E are arranged on both sides of the turbine-wheel A. These bucket-wheels E are surrounded by the fixed leading-shovel rims or buckets F. Each bucket-wheel forms with its leadingshovel .rini a condenser in the manner described above, in which the cooling-water enters near the shah. is divided up in the buckets of the bucket-whecl v and streams out in small water-plug between which steam to be condensed is situated, through the leading-shovel rim. vThe steam leaving the turbine-wheel A can flow within the casing (1 immediately to the condensers. This maybe seen from Fig. 3, the bearings (,r ol' the shaft B are situated in hollow caslugs H.

The water which is led to the condenser [lows through the casings H and hereby etl'ects the cooling ol the bearings G. The

water is led to the turbine through pipes J and enters the casing C through annular n'oz zle-openings ll, situated around the shaft B, flows then along the shaft B, and enters into the bucketwhecls E. The nozzles M are secured to the inner ends of the bearings Hand serve to direct the incoming water along the hub of the wheels E with sutlicient Velocity to prevent it from being thrown oil centrifugally. In connection with this matter it should be borne in mind that the hub is smooth and that the coellicient of friction between it and the tubular stream of water discharged by the nozzle is very small. Any water discharged directly by the nozzle and not immediately picked up by the wheel will be caught by and carried along with the large volume of steam rushing throughthe spirally-'atrranged space bounded by the casing and the partition K. To state the matter in a different way, the steam or other elastic tluid discharged by the bucket-wheel A acts like an injector. and carries the water in a more or less tinely-divitled.state along with it. The action of the wheels E in discharging cooling-water causes the mixture of steam and water to be carried with itthrough the leading-shovel rims l. Owing to the fact that the chamber surrounding the wheelhub is working at a vacuum, the cooling-water will continue to flow th'rough the nozzle ii if the wheel or pump E is primed, providing, of course, that the distance the water'has to be raised is not too great. Where the distance is too great, a suitable pump may be employed in addition.

In those cases where it is desired to deliver same casin steam will come in contact with the coolingsteam or other motive tluid exhausting from the turbine-wheel. The partition if serves to prevent exhaust-steam trom continuously rota? mg with the bucket-wheel A and at the same timy directs it toward the wat(- r-discharging 11001. The arrangement described is especially desirable, owing to its high efiiciencv All of the parts are incioscd injthe which dispenses with long passages, valves. &c. It also occupies a minimum amount of floor-space.

During the passage of the cooling-water from the casing H to the bucket-wheels.E it comes in contact with the steam and 'will partly condense the same. It will be clear that the bucket-wheels E can be provided with cut-outs or with similararrangements, so that while the water passes through them the steam can come in contact with the same and can be condensed.

Advantageously on both sides of the turbine-wheel a spiral-formed partit ion .K is pro vided, as shown in Fig. 4 of the drawings. These partitions K have the purpose of facilitating the admission of the steam to those places in which the same'is condensed by acting against the centrifugal power of the steam leaving, the turbine-wheel A witha considerable velocity. shovel .rims F the cooling-water and the con densed steam discharges into the annular room Land flows off from there through the channels L.

Having thus fully described the nature of my said invention, what I desire to secure by v Letters Patent of the United States is 1 In a condenser; the-combination ol' a turbine-whecl, means for rotating said turbine-wheel, a stationary leading-shovel rim situated around said turl'iinc-wheel and means for leading water to the shovels of the turbine-wheel from -the center of the saine, substantially as described and for the pur- ,pose set forth.

2. In a steam turbinc, the combination of a turbine-wheel, means for leading steam to said turbine-wheel and a casing surrounding, the turl ine-\vlieel, of a second turbine-wheel rigidly connected to the shaft of the first turbinewheel, a leading-shovel ri-rn situated around said second turbine-wheel and means for leading cooling-water to the shovels of the second turbine-wheel from the center of the same, substantially as described and for the purpose set forth. y

3. In a st.eam-turbine, the combination of the turbine proper, with several condensers From the 'leadingsituatedin the steam-tdrbine casing C, said connected to the shaft B of the steam turbi-ne-Wheel A, leading-shovel rims F, means for leading cooling-water to the shovels of the turbine-wheels E, and spiralrformed part-itions K-situated within the turbine-casing c I so asto lead the exhaust-steam to the condenser, substantially as described and for the purpose set forth. 7

5. An elastic-fluid turbine comprising a [casing and bucket-wheel, in combination buckets carried by a separate support which witha Wheel. rotating with the bfic keh'wl eel,

' decrease the velocity of the fluid delivered by the wheel, a'chamber containing liquid to 'feed the wheel and a conduit for supplying the chamber.

'6. All elastic-fluid turbine comprising a bucket-wheel and casing in which the motive .fluid is condensed after leaving the wheel, in

combination with a pump which is located within the ca'singand is driven by the bucketwheel, and buckets carried by a separate support and surrounding the Wheel which. de crease the velocity of the fluid discharged by the wheel.

.7. An elastic-fluid turbine comprising a casing and bucket-wheel in combination with a Water-discharging wheel of smaller diameter than the bucket-wheel located in said casing for condensing the motive .fluid'after it passes through 'the bucket-wheel, and means for conveying the exhaust from-the bucket-wheel to the water-discharging wheel where it mingles with the water.

- 8. An elastic-fluid turbine comprising a.

cas'ing'and a bucket-wheel in combination with a cylindrical structure located in saidcasing containing one or more velocity-reducing-orifices through Which cooling-water is. discharged, and a device for directing the exhaust against said structure.

9, In a combined turbine and condenser,

-the'combination of a Wheel having drivingbuckets, means for discharging fluidagainst the buckets, rows ofv buckets arranged on op posite sides of the driving-buckets, and conduits for conveying liquid 'to the last-mew.

tioned buckets for condensing the exhaust from the first mentioned buckets.

10. In a combined turbine and condenser, the combination of a wheel having drivingbuckets,-means for discharging fluid-against the buckets, rows of buckets-arranged on opposite sides of the driving-buckets, and of less dia meter, stationary buckets arranged to receive the fluid delivered by thelastmentioned buckets-and decrease its velocity, and conduits for conveying liquid to the said rows of buckets to condense the exhaust from the driving-buckets. V ,v

11. In a combined turbine and condenser, the combination of a wheel having drivingbuckets, a second set of buckets drivenby the first, a shaft for the buckets, a bearing for-the shaft, a nozzle carried by the bearing for directing a cooling l quid along the shaft to the second set of buckets, and a conduit for supplying liquid to aid nozzle.

12. In a combined turbine and condenser, the combination of a wheel having drivingbuckets, a casing therefor, a second set of buckets driven by the first, stationary buckets receiving fluid from the driven buckets and decreasing its velocity, a casing supporting the stationary buckets and containing a chamber into-which the latter discharge, and a conduit for exhausting the fluid from the chamber.

13. In a combined turbine and condenser, the combination of a wheel having drivingbuckets, a casing therefor, a second set of buckets driven by the first, of smaller diameter than the first, stationary bucketsreceiw 'ing fluid from the second set and decreasing.

its velocity, a means for conveying exhaust from the driving-buckets inward to the second set of buckets, and a conduit for conveying' liquid to the driven buckets for condensing the exhaust from the driving-buckets.

14. In a combined turbine and-condenser, the combinationof driving-buckets, driven buckets mounted on the same shaft and on opposite sides of said driving-buckets, conduits. for supplying liquid to the driven buck ets, for'co'fldensing the exhaust from the driving-buckets, conduits which receive the concle which is common to the conduits.

In testimony whereof'I have signed my name to this specification in the presence of -two subscribing witnesses.

, JOHANN STUMRF. Witnesses: HENRY IISPER, 1 WOLDEMAR HAUPT.

'densed fluid from the buckets, and a recepta IIO

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