US824936A - Explosive-engine. - Google Patents

Description

PATENTED JULY 3, 1906.

M. C. KESSLER. EXPLOSIVE ENGINE.

APPLICATIONFILED $2212.24. 1904.

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J W M :v W 4% No. 824,936. PATENTED JULY 3, 1906.

M. G. KESSLER EXPLOSIVB ENGINE.

APPLICATION FILED SEPT. 24. 1904.

B SHEETS'SHBET 4.

ewtoz wwmwoeo gm No. 824,936. PATENTED JULY 3, 1906. M. c. KESSLER. EXPLOSIVE ENGINE.

APPLICATION TILED SEPT.24. 1904.

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KESSL lit iVlO'IOR COMPANY, DENVER,:(JOLORA'DG.

sxetoslvs-sne'lns.

1 on whom it may concern;

' cityand county of Denver and State of Colo- E rado, have invented certain new and usefuldo declare the following to be a full, clear,

. Be it known that I, MAnrisC. KESSLER, acitizen ot the United States, residing in the Improvements in Explosive-Engines; and .l

"and exact description of the invention, such as will enable others skilled in the art to which it appertains to make and use the to the accompanying drawings, and to the figures of reference marked thereon,-which form a part of this.

specification.

My invention relates to improvements in' ex losive engmes, my ob e ct being to no- Vii e an apparatus of this class which sha be more ethcient than those heretofore in use.

" The distinguishing feature of my nvention consists in the employment of chambers located outside of'the piston-chamber,

. in whichchambers the gas or explosive mixture is compressed durin the movement of the cylinder-piston in one direction. In my improved construction asmgle cylinder is employed, and there are two auxiliary chamberslocated adjacent the cylinder-chamber,

the auxiliary chambersbeing alternately in communication with the cylinder-chamber.

In my construction there is an explosion for' the piston.

During the movement of the piston in one Q pressed in one of th in the other auxiliary chamber.

' explosion takes place in direction the gas or explosive mixture is comauxiliarv chambers, the this direction by the taken place During the movement of the piston inthe opposite direcpiston being driven in force of an explosion which has the products of combustion are forced out o the cylinder-chamber by the piston through a valve-controlled exhaust-port, the exhaustvalve being mechanically opened at the proper time to permit this result. At or about the time theexhaust is completed an the auxiliary chamber, wherethe gas was compressed by the first forward movement of the piston, again driving the piston forward and com ressing the gas in the auxiliarychamber, in w ichthc first explosion took place. next rearward stroke ofthe piston thcexhaust again continued. It will thus he seen that as the Specification of Letters Patent. Application and s mba 24, 1904. sis. N6. 225.774.

Then (lining the f takes place and this operation is Patented July 3, 1906.

gas is compressed entirelyontside of the cylg inder-chamber the piston is allowed to travel practically the entire length of the cylinderchamber, since it is not necessary any space between the piston and the cylinder-head for compressed gas, as in ordinary constructions. Moreover, the explosion may be so timed as to take place in either auxi iury chamber before the valve controllihg the inlet from the auxiliarychamher to the cylinder-chamber has been opened, and the o ening of the valve may be so timed as to a low y the force of the explosion to act onthelpiston at any desired point of its stroke regardless of the exact time when the-explosion takes place.

Having briefi r outlined my improved construction, as well as the function it is intended to perform, 1 will proceed to describe the same in detail, reference being made tothe accompanying drawings, in. which is illustrat'ed an embodiment thereof.

In the drawings, Figure 1 is a side elevation of an explosive-engine equipped with my im-. provements. Fig. 2 is a to plan view of the same. Fig. 3 is a rear on view of the ma 1 chine. Fig. 4 is a central vertical section taken through the engine. side view of the front head of the cylinder. Fig. 6 is a similar view of tlierear head. Figs. 7, 8, and 9 are sections taken oh the lines 7 7, 8 S, and 9 9, res actively, ofFigs. .3 and 6. Fig. 10 is an insi 0 view of the-eam-gear and i the connections employed in operating the i exit-valves of the auxiliary chambers. Fig. 11 is a section taken on the line 11 l1, Fig. 2, looking in the direction of the'arrow 1 and illustratin the cam mechanism for up crating the ex must-valve of the'cylind'er. f 5 Figs. 12 and 13 are sectional views in detail,

. illustrating the valves for controlling the inlet and exit passages of the auxlliarycliarm bers.

The same reference characters indicate the same parts in all the views.

provided with front and rear heads 6 and i 7, the said-headsbeing secured in lace by l suitable bolts 8. The material of tlie cylinder is reinforced on one side and in this reinforced portion are located two auxiliary chambers, (designatedl) and 9, respectively.) These chambers communicate with the cyli indcr-chamber by way of inlet-passages 10 to leave Let the numeral 5 designate the cylinder Fig. 5 is an inand and these passages are controlled by valves 11 and 11, which are alternately 5 to pass first to one chamber and'then to the other. .The cylinder is provided with suitable water-jackets-and is connected with a crank-chamber 12 by means of'a tubular part 13, in which is located a cross-head 14,

IQ connected with a pitman 1-5 at one extremity and with a stem 16 of the cylinder-piston 17- at the op ositeextremity. The pistonstem passes t ough a stuffing-box construction 18,:v'vhich projects into the cylinder, and

is supported by a-"part 19, which enters the hollow piston-when the latteris at its for- I 'ward limit of -movement. The part .13 .is

" pocrl nected with the forward'head of the cylm er.

:0 Within-the "crank-chamber 12 is located a crank 19, connected with a shaft 20, passing centrally through the-said chamber. One

extremity-ofgthisshaft is provided with a fly-Wheel 21, while to the other extremity 5 is attachedja gear 22, meshing witli a larger gear 23, fastiona spindle 24, mounted exteriorly on: the crank-chamber This gear 24 is providedjononefside'iwith a cam-groove 25, whichjis engziedgby'a projection 26, sup-v d ported bya'a; l1 votallg' connectedwithethe frame art 3 'as" 's own amt-28;; Connectedwith e lq'wet extremity of the o nec w th Thisl'ever 3'1tis P&. "13,-- as shown" at 32,'and rojefctsbot fulcrum. e'ni th direction, thele er H I valve 11- to open the-letter, whilewhen the said rod 'mo'vesinthe opposite direction the lever'acts on'the'steini .o' f the valve l1 to 0 en the'same'; These'valves 'areheld nor-1 mally closed 33, p which engage 3 collars 34, fast? ;the,va .lve-'stems at one extremity,whil

' str g beats refore, normally hold the flhiefispringsfiith valves v rvalvell is'op'em'the :ex'pltjsivemixture is Iiforced by way'of the p'assa eIOinto the auxis open, the explosive-mixture is, forced from the cyliner-chamber byway ofthe passage 10 into the auxiliarychamber.9.-'

On'fthe op osite sideof the gear 23 is formed a cam-groove 35, 'in' which is located.

a projection '36, supported byla link 37. With this rojection is also connected a rod 38-, which 40 and adapted to alternately act on-valvesf 41 "and 41, whereby passages-42 and 42* maybe opened and closed at will'for the' purpose of admitting gas from the chambers 6 9. and 9? alternately to the piston-chamber.

'- extremit vided with an exhaust port 9 whoseextremity remoteopen'e t lever '55,

ove and below-the 29' is moved in one;

lower extremity is pivotal the engine-frame, as shown at 60.

eppjiositeextremities of the Y st the head' of the cylinder.-

in theclosed .positioin j 'When the va ve 64, whose stem is iliary chamber 9', wh le-w en'th'evalve 11 s *c Each'chamber 9 9 is ea-ds to a lever 39, fulcrumed at These valves are normally closed' by coi'l springs 43, whose outer extremities bear 'against stops 44 of the stems 45, while their inner extremities bear against the rear head of the cylinder. As shown in the drawings, (see Figs; 1'2 and 13,) each stem 45 is connected with a bushing 46, located' within a chamber 47-and providedwith packing .to form a fluid-tight joint. The valve-stem proper, 48, en'ters an opening formed in the bushing and is connected with the bushing by a key 49, which asses through registering openings forme. in-the casing 47 and the I bushin'g46 and through a slot formed-in the tvalve' stem proper, whereby the Valve is allowed suflicient movement for purposes of automatic adjustment or to allow it to properly seat itself. As shown in the drawings, each casing-$7 is provided at its outer with a screw-plug 47, through which t e stem 45 passes.

be dispense valves 11, 1 1,141, and 41 are-all ofthe same construction.

The rear extremity of the normally closed bya valve 50, provided .with a stem 51, having adisk 52 at itsouter extremity, the said being-acted on by a ;.rounding.-the casing '54, through which the J This exhaust-valve is coil-spring 53, survalve stem' passes. oughthe instrumentality of a vfulcrumed at 56 and having one arm coimectedwitha rod 57, asshown at 58. IThe extiemity of this rod remote from the 'leverisv-engaged by a cam-59, fasten the shaft 201 The extremity of the rod adjacent a link 60, whose. y'con'nected with f Every' the cam59 is supported by Attention is called to the fact that this screwlug is not necessary and may with. It maybe stated that the'mechanism of the cylinder is pro time the-shaft 20 makes a. complete revolu is opened to permitthe-products of combustion and'gases to escape from the cylinder.

=tion or every time the cylinder-piston makeh a complete. reciprocation the exhaust-valve The explosive mixture is-conducted to the cylinder-chamber by way-of an inlet-pi e 61,

a assage 62, and a port 63, controlle by a acted on-bym coil-'- ring 65, which normally has a tendency to ose the valve;

, plosive mixture in the chamber ignited.

penetrated by an a izo From the foregoing description the use and operation of my improved explosive-engine.

will be readily understood. Assuming that the piston 17 is at its rearward limit of move'.

'ment and; the cylinder-chamber has been filled with the explosive fluid mixture by the opening otthe valve 64,. which opens in respcnsetothe suction producedbv' the.rearmovement of thepiston during this movement of the piston-.the -exhauit-valve has been opened. through theinstrunientality of the, mechanism heretofore describedfthus allowing the exhaust or the-products of com" 'hustion and gasesto passthrough and out to is atm osphere; At onapproximately at the e that the piston reachesits rearward limit oi novemcnt the; valve-.41 is openedthrough the instrumentality of. the lever '39-&I1d-ltS- 1 connections, the cam-groove 35 being so regulated as to produce this result.- Previously 66,.and the force'of the explosioncommuni- ,cat'es with the cylinder-chamber-b .way of or approximately at the time the valve, 41 pens asparh is produced in'the chamber 9 -u ougl the instrumentality of its'electrode the passage 42 and the valvecontro led port.

,( .flhisexplosion acts on the piston 17 to drive thelatter forwardly ontoward the right, referring tohigs. 1,2, 4, 7, 8, and 9 of the drawings.

As' soon as the piston begins its forward shovement the induction valve 64 closes both through the action of its spring and the pistompressure, At the same time the explosive mixture driven from the chamber of the piston thiough a passage 10 into the i I chamber 9, the valve 11' being mechanically openedidhrough the instrumentality of the lever 31 and its connections. As soon as the piston reaches ts forward hunt-of movement it begins the return or rearward stroke, and

' into the cylinder-chambefithrough tmn-pipepassage, and port-61, 62, and 63, IP")0tl1 ly. As sooner approximately as the exhaustvalve 503s mechanically opened through the mechanism heretofore described. During this rearward movement of thepiston -another charge of explosive mixture is drawn the inducon as the piston has reached its rearward limit of mrp ement an explosiomtakeeplace' i -the aux iiiry chamberi9"-' through the in strurnentality of the electrode 66, connected th the said chamber. Thisexplosion com v -rnunicates with the cylinder-chamber by way zjof a passage -i-2 and the port controlled by the valve 41?, the said valve-being opened by 4 ithe lever 39 and its connections; 'The force of tr e explosion drives the 'piston forward rend forces the chargeof explosive mixture in the cylinder-chamber Into the chamber 9, and duringitscontinued use the operation emitters described is re eated. P

Y Attention is called tot e fact'that th'eg'ear containstwice as many cogs as the gear 22.

1 :I-ience the cam-gear 23 only makes one revolution for two revolutions of the crank-shaft 20,

and this is as it should be, since the exhaustvalve, which is directly controlled by a cam on the crank-shaft, must 0 )en during'eyery revolution of the crank-shart or complete reciprocation of'the piston, While the valves 11, ii, i and ar are each only opened once during each tworevolutions of the crank-shaft. In-

other'ivords, assuming that when the piston g has reached its rearward limit ofrnovement thezexplosion talics :plzice i'n'thc'auxiliary I chamber9:.and the valve 41 is opened to allow the explosive force to act on "the piston, drivingthe'latter forwardly, the valve 1 I will be opened-to allowthe explosivennixturc to en- -ter.;the chamber 9*." Then when the piston reachesitsirearward limit =01" movement the next'time.ancxplosionwill take place in the chamberQfi-and the valve e1 willlie opened toallow the explosive force to act on the pistonand drive-it again forwardl and during this forward movement the valve llwill be again-opened to allow the explosive mixture to enter the chamber 9.

' The'mechanisin for controllim the valves 40 and 41* is such that durin the rearward stroke of the iston the chaniber 9 or 9", in. which the exp osion has taken'place, remains open to the cylinder to allow the products of combustion to exhaust as thoroughly as pos-.

sible-jnto the atmosphere.

in further explanation of the construction and arrangement of the valves 41 and 41 attention is called. to the fact that these valves are so constructed and arranged that v no tendencv'to open this valve. If it were not for thisbalanc'ed construction of the valve,

an exceedingly powerful spring would be required in order to prevent the valve from openine dnring the" action of vthe exploslve force t ereon, It is not intended. that. the springs 43 are of sufficient stren th to prevent the valves from opening, T 1e only object of thesesprings is to hold the valves nor- Hence there is IIO mally seated in the absence of fluid-control- S ling influence and prevent them frorn accidental movement; Thenormal condition of thesevalves is closed, and the springs 43 simply hold' them in this position but it is not sup posed that'they are of suliicient strength'to resist the action of a high explosive force generated in the auxiliary chambers by the ignitionof the explosive -mixture therein. Hence the necessity for the balanced, structure. This balanced feature is highly important in a mechanism of this class, since it is often necessary to ignite the explosive mixture in the auxiliary chambers considerably in ad Vance of the openingof the valvctoallow the explosive force to enter the cyhndeh-cham her. This condition is necessary when run '45 this time is equal .or approximate ning the engine at high'speed. In this case the explosive force may be ignited I in the auxiliary chamber a full stroke in advance of the piston or when the piston is a full stroke from the extremity of the cylinder where the valve is located and where the explosive force is to commence its action thereon. .In running the engine at lower speeds the igni tion of the explosive mixture in the auxiliary I -chambersis re lated accordingly, the time of the ignition 1n advance ot the pistons arrival at the extremity of the cylinder where the force is to begin action thereon gradually diminishing as the speed diminishes.

The necessity for the variation of .the time of ignitin the explosive force in the auxiliary cha-m ers in advance of the iston makes it exceedingly important that t e means for controlling the ignition in these chambers shall be entirely independent of the operation of the valve mechanism.

It may be further stated that the valves 1 1 and 11 for controlli'n |the entrance of the explosive mixture to t e auxiliary chambers.

} 5 are also balanced and of the same construction as the valves 41 and 41*,as heretofore explained. These valves 11 and 11 are I thereforeopened by mechanical means, the

' compression ofthe iiuid incident to themove- "3 ment of the piston with the cylinder-chamber having no tendency to' move the said valves in the one direction or the other. This makes it practicable to time the opening of the'valves with the utmost accuracy, and therefore accurately maintain the proper relation between the opening of these valvs and the o ening of the valves 41 and 41*.

' In furtl ier ex lanation' of the necessity for igniting the exp osive mixture in the auxil- 4 iary-chambers in advance of the piston it may be stated that it requires an appreclable time after ignition of the explosive mixture v .to generate the maximumexplosive force,

and when the engine is running at high speed y equal to the full time re uire for the piston to travel from one en of the'cylinder to the other.. It may also be stated that this time 'is only a small fraction of a second when the 5 engine is'run 'ng at a speed of two thousand revolutions per minute. In this event the time required for the piston to travel from one extremit of the cylinder to the other is ap roximate y one sixty-sixthof a second.

'4 11, 41, and 4:1 of my im roved engine are all arranged to open inwar ly.'.- Hence when the valves are seated the explosiveforce acting thereonfrom the auxiliary chambers or from the cylinder-chamber can have no open- -ing action. These valvesare therefore arranged when closed toresist the action of the "explosive or other fluid force from both directions. 1

the ignition oft e gases in the auxiliary t may be stated also that the valves 11,

Having thus described my invention, what Iclai is 7 1. In an explosive-engine,'the combination witha cylinder and piston, of two auxiliary chambers separated from the cylinder-chamber but in communication with both extremities of the latter b suitablepassages, valves for controlling saici passages, means for i 'iting the explosive mixture in thexauxi iary chambers, and means for opening the valves to allow the explosive force to pass to the cylin- 7 5 der-chamber from one of the auxiliarychaim, bers simultaneousl with the passage of the explosive mixture rom the cylinder-chamber to the other auxiliary chamber, the-valves for admitting explosive forcefrom the auxil- 8,0 iary chambers to the cylinderbein indepf'ildent of the means for regulatin t eignition of the explosive mixture in t e auxiliary chambers, whereb the time relation between '8 chambers and the admission of the explosive 5 force ltlherefrom to the cylinder may be varied at W1 2. An explosive-engine including'a main 1 cylinder and piston, two auxiliary chambers communicating at their opposite extremities with the opposite extremities ofthe cylinder, means for controlling said communication, whereby the explosive mixture from the cylinder is admitted alternately to the'auxiliary chambers, and the explosive force from the auxiliary chambers alternatelyto the cylinder, and means forigniting the ex losive mixture in theauxiliary chambers, t 0 arrangement of the igniting means and the means for admitting the explosive. force to the cylinder being such that the time relation between the ignition of the mixture in the auxiliary chambers and the admission of the explosive force to the cylinder may be varied at will.

3. The combination in anexplosive-en'gine with a cylinder and piston, of'two auxiliary chambers each of wluch is in communication with both ends of the cylinder biy suitable passages, valves for contrplling sa'i passages, means for igniting the explosive mixture in the auxiliar chambers: at properly-timed intervals, an means. for controlling the said valves so timed that while the explosive force 5;

is passing from one auxiliary chamber to thev cylinder chamber, the explosive mixture from the cylinder-chamber is being forcedinto the other auxiliar chamber bythe piston, the valves oontro ling the admissionofsfmo the explosive force to the cylinder being balanced whereby the explosive-"force in the auxiliary chambers has ,no-infiuence thereon.

- 4. *In an explosive-engine,-the combination with a cylinder and piston, loftwoauxiliary 12 5 chambers eafe'hof wlnchis in communication with both e'n'ds of the cylinder b suitable passages, valves for controlling sai passages,

- o .posmg surfaces of equal area, exposed to leans for igniting the explosive mixture in the auxiliary chambersat properly-timed 1nterwals, an

is passing from one auxiliary chamber into the eylinder, the explosive mixture fromthe cylinder-chamber is being forced into the other auxiliary chamber by the piston,each of the valves controlling the admission of the explosive force to the cylinder, having two t e explosive force of an auxiliary chamber, when the valve is closed whereby the said force has no tendency to move the valve in either direction.

5. In an explosive-engine, the combination with a suitable cylinder and piston, of an exhaust-valve connected with the cylinder, an induction-valve connected with the cylinder, the induction-valve being opened by suction during the-rearward movement of the piston, two auxiliary chambers adapted to hold the explosive mixture, means for igniting the explosive mixture in the auxiliary chambers at properly-timed intervals, the auxiliary chambers being connected with both ends of the cylinder-chambers bv suitable-passages, valves for controlling said passages, means 'for opening the exhaust-valve to allow the exhaust to escape during the rearward movement of the piston, and means for operating the valves controlling the passages between the auxiliary chambers and cy inder-chamber, the operation of the said valves being so timed that while the explosive force is passing from one auxiliary chamber to one end of the cylinder, the explosive mixture is being forced out of the other end of the cylinder into the other auxiliary chamber, the explosions occurring alter 'nately in the two auxiliary chambers, the

valves for controlling the admission of the explosive force to the cylinder being balanced whereby the explosive force has no influence thereon when closed.

6. In an explosive-engine, the combination of a cylinder, a piston therein, a crankij-fhamber, a crank-shaft passing therethrough, a pitman connecting the crank of the shaft 1. ith the stem of the iston, auxiliary chambers located in suit'ab e proximity to the cylinder chambor and. communicating with both ends thereof by inlet and exit passages,

tn'o valvesconnected with one head of the' cylinder for controlling the inlet-passages to the auxiliary cl'iambers, two valves mounted means for controlling the said. valves so timed that while the explosiveforcevalve of either auxiliary "chamber is open the inlet-valve of the other auxiliary cham' her is open.

7. In an ex losive -en ginc,-,the combination of a cylin er, a piston therein, a cranle crankshaft, the cylinder being provided with suitable inlet and exhaust passages,=tne said passages being both open durntgthe:

closed during the forward movementthcreof, two auxiliary chambers located in; suitable? proximity to'thc cylinder, each auxiliary chamber having apassage leading from each of its extremities to the corresponding extremities of the cylinder, one of these passages for each auxiliary chamber being an inlet-passagc and the other passage being an outlet-passage, normally-closed valves 5 mounted at one end of the auxiliary chambers to control the inletpassages to said chambers, and valves located at the opposite extremities of the auxiliary chambers for controlling the exit-passages, a lever for controlling each pair of valves, a cam-gear actuated from the crank-shaft, and suitable connections between the camgear and the valveoperating levers whereby the inlet-valve of either auxiliary chamber and the exit-valve 95' of the other auxiliary chamber are open at the same time, the other two valves in the meantime remaining closed.

8. in an explosive-engine, the combination with the main chamber and piston, of a 100 plurality of auxiliary chambers, means for compressing the explosive mixture in the auxiliary chambers, means for controlling the ignition of the said fluid within the said chambers, the auxiliary chambers being con- 5 nected with the piston-chamber by suitable passages, and valves for controlling said passages whereby the explosive force is allowed to enter the piston-chamber from the auxiliary chambers at proper intervals, the said no valves being independent of the means for controlling the ignition of the explosive mix ture in. the auxiliary chambers.

9. In an explosive-engine, the combina tion with the 'main chamber and piston, of a i S plurality of explosion-chambers communicating with the main chamber. by valve-controlled passages, means for su plying the ex plosion-chambers with an explbsive mixture,

means for igniting the explosive mixture 120 within the saidchambers, means for admit ting the explosive force to the main chamber from the several explosion-chambers succcssivelyfand at proper. intervals to impart the reciprocating movement to the piston, 5

the means for admitting the explosive force from the explosion-chambers to theimain' chamber, being controlled independently of the means for igniting the explosive force in the explosion-chambers whereby the time 3 0 chamber, a crankshaft therein, a suitable I connection between the piston and the y anism' actuated iromthe crankrshaft for al- 3 relation'between the said ignition and admission events may bewvariedat will.

10. In an explosive-engine, the combina: tion of a cylinder, a piston therein, auxiliary chambers located in suitable proximity to the cylinder-chamber and communicating With both ends thereof by inlet and exit passages, two valves for controlling the inletpassages to the auxiliary chambers, two

vvalves for controlling the exit-passages fiom the auxiliary chambers, and suitablemechternatcly operating'thevalyes of each pair,

7 the operation of the valves" being so tuned that. when the exit-valve of either auxiliary '15 chamber is opened, the inlet-valve oftheother auxiliary chamber is opened. t

In testimony whereof I affix my signature in presence of two witnesses. x MARTIN O. KESSLER.

- Witnesses: v A. J. OBRIEN,- W. J LA TOURRETTE.

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