US783872A - Apparatus for generating and burning gases from hydrocarbons. - Google Patents

Description

No. 783,872. S PATENTED FEB. 28, 1905.

' J. N. L ASE. APPARATUS FOR GENERATING AND BURNING GASES FROM HYDRO0ARBONS APPLICATION FILED 001. 22, 1902.

PATENTED FEB. is, 1905.

' J. N. LEAGH. v APPARATUSYPOR GENERATING AND BURNING GASES FROM HYDROGARBONS.

APPL'IULTIOH FILED 00122, 1902.

3 SHEETS-SHEET 2.

oo 60o unoo 0000 00 PATENTED FEB. 28, 1905.

J. N. LEAGH. APPARATUS FOR GENERATING'AND BURNING GASES FROM HYDROGARBONS.

APPLIGATION FILED OUT. 22, 1902.

3 BHEETB-8HBET 3.

No. 783.8721. Patented lt'ehruary as, it

' UNITED STATES PA'rEiirir JOHN N, LEACH, outintnosn, .MASSACHUSE'ITZli-l, aseienon, er" man AND MESNE ASSIGNMENTS; TO NATIONAL out i-uarrine- JiiMPAili' Y, a. CORPORATION or MAINE. 1

APPARATUS FOR GENERATING AND BURNING GASES Flltilil lWUlilflli/illililillii.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent "No, ifilifi'm, dated February 5M5, 19061 Application filed October 22,1902. Se1'iali'i o.i128,254u

To (til whom it may concern.-

Be it known that I, Joan N. LnAoH, a citizen of the United States, residing at .Melrose, in the county of Middlesex and State of ltlassa 5 chusetts, have invented certain new and useful improvements in Apparatus for Generating and Burning Gases from. Hydrocarbons, of which the following is a specification, reference being had therein to the accompanying I0 drawings, which form a part thereof.

My invention relates to an apparatus for generating and burning gases from hydrocarbons, and more particularly to a class of burn crs especially adapted for heating purposes and to use kerosene, crude oil, or other hyd rocarbons.

The object of my invention is to provide an apparatus for generating and burning from hydrocarbons. wherein the kerosene or other oil will be effectively volatilized and mixed with oxygen before its introduction within the combustion-chainber.

A further object is to provide an apparatus 3 of. this class wherein the flame maybe readily controlled -that is, capable of being reduced or extinguished, increased, or relighted at any time-and wherein the volatilixation of the fuel-oil when interrupted may be resumed without the necessity of manual ignition to start such renewed volatilization.

A still further object is to provide an apparatus of this class which will be automatically lighted and rclighted.

A still further object is to provide an apparates of this class wherein the vaporizing of the oil will not be dependent upon boiler heat under any conditions. i

'A still further object is to provide an apparatus of this class wherein the dangers of back tiring f om the combustion to the mixing chamber will be reduced to a minimum, il' not entirel obviated; and a stillfurther object is to provide an apparatus of this class wherein the supply fuel may be used under andalso 'apable of convenient regulation.

The invention consietsin comblnmg-with a burner a vaporizer comprising a vaporizinghigh pressure to force the flame when desired lcoil and a superheatine-eoil formed oil a con tinnous pipe wherein the :lueboil is subjected 5 to successive lie-noes, whereby the oil is vapo rized and the vapor inperheated before being thoroug'i'ily ruined with oxygen and intro duccd within tllib(10m JliiFtlitift-lill.l1filifll. f it further consiete in the utilization of an auxiliary burner having a permanent flame the com bustiodchamher of which is either a part of or in direct communication with the combustion-chamber of the heatii'ig--l)ui'ner; and it consists, still further, in these novel few tures' of construction and arraugmnent of v parts hereinafter set forth dud described. and

more particularly pointed out inthe claims hereto appended.

Referring to the drawings, Figure l a oeetional elevation of my burner as applied to i the boiler of a steam-carriage. Fig", 21 is a plan thereof, also showing the detached coir trollingwalve', the top plate oi lllle fiblfllliit e tion-chamber beinerenioved; il front eleval ion of said controllingwalve as ftpplied to the chau'ii'eurs seat of'a stmtueear riage, so as to be readi-iy accessible. j i i a side elevation of a modification of the invite? 'tion applied to a heatingfurnace, partiy' broken away and partlyin section. l i r. ii a horizontal section on the line 5 T' of Fig; Fig. 6 is a front vertical section in pi tive of the lower part ol a ll8%ll'-tti".,t-.il0 "ll'I}Z'-' the primary and the secondary burners each to in section and aiso disclosing a modified of burner-plate. tion on line 7 i'of Fig, 4:, allowing a-rhodiiied form of lnirner-plate. Fits. 8 isadetail view of the mixing-tube and the air-inlet tubewith 5 the upper portion of the needlepoint valve" of the tube in section. Fig". i isadctailvieu of the lower portion of the said neediwpijint 'fvalve in section, and ll-Fin. it) is a horizontal sectiontalien on the line id 10 of Fig. 6.

Li he letters refer tolilce parts throughout the several views.

- In Figs. 1 to 3 of the drawings l have shown the apparatus as used in connectiouwith the boiler ot'a steam-carriage and in Figs. 45 to 10, inclusive, as used in connection with a Fig. 7 is a horizontal sec plicable only to such; uses-J} 1 My burner comprises anlinclosing casing,

as a, which 'is divided into separate mixing chambers d and e, each prov'ided with an individual burner-plate, as-b and c, andinto a combustion-chamberf, extending over and common to both burners." For convenience burner 0 will hereinafter be designated the primary burner and bhrner b the secondary? burner. A top plate or plates, as g,'Figs. 4 to 6, and 8; Fig. 1, are provided for the en- 'tire combustion-chamber f. To prevent-interleren'ce between the' secondary burner and the flame of the primary burner, Iso divide the combustion-chamber f. adjacent to the' qrilatter-as 'tbhave the different portions of said 'combustiomchamber communication only at a 'point some distance above the burner c and provide an.ir nperforate top plate 7 or a; hood, as g, Figs. 4 and 5, directly abovethe primary burner to confine the flame, thus preventing the extinguishment of;'.th.e flame of this burner fromback draft due'to'the igni-- tlon of'thesecondary burner therefrom.

The oil, whether kerosene, crude oil, or other hydrocarbon i used, is stored in a det'ached tank (not shown) and is fed to ,the

secondary burner through a pipe t, which is passed into the combustion-chamber f and formed into a vaporizing-coil 7," directly above "the secondary burner b, thence through said,

chamber to directly above the primary burner -0, where a second such coil, constitutinga superheating-coll 2", IS formed, of a size to best expose all parts thereof to the action of the primary flame or torch, and. thence tothe' a mlxlng-chamber (Z, where it terminates in a spraying-nozzle 2' controlledby a needle point valve 71. It will vaporizer, comprising'tie vaporizing-coil v1 and superheatiug-coil a" and the portions of pipe connectingthese coils',all-contained within the combustion-chamber f, feeds the ,secondary burner I) only.

A separate system of piping, as k, which may take its oil from the same tank as pipe 27 or from a separate tank, feeds the primary burner c; .Thispiping Z; is passed vertically through the mixing-chamber c and the coil 9: I

e observed that the,

vessel: f

one-half to three fourths of" an inchjfapayt;

scope of thy-invention. Ithiiis been found, however, that in burners em lo'ying thin or 'sheet-metal burnerfplatesth e danger from back firing fromfithe combustion to the mixing cham her is great when said plates become over-heated or reach a red heat. This danger is obviated by providing the burner b with a facing of-asbestosor other material non-conductive of heat, as b", on either the top or the .bottom thereof, or both, in the spaces between the slots 6' and the separate tiers of'said slots; This has been found to practicaiiy eliminate this danger of back firingfrom this source, no conditions having developed wherein such takes place.

iron cast'inghaving small burner-holes drilled therein, as 0' 0, &c., anda firing-pan 0 formed on the upper face thereof contiguous to and surrounding the feed-pipe k, which pan is designed to hold the alcohol necessary to the initial formation of vapor and the ignition of this burner. The form of burnershown has proved effective in 'use; but other forms can be used, if desired.

Adjacent to the burner 01 provide a needle;

through the vaporizer portion of the pipe l", which is used to regulate the feed of oil through the pipe 1'. This pipe is vertically disposed to prevent clogging of this valve.-

thereto by gravity alone, or the oil in the main tank m'ay be'placed under pressure in any well-known or desired manner to enable the forcing of the flame. used, 1 place in the length of the pipe 1' at some convenient point a needle-point valve '11 by means of which the flow of oil to the secondary burner may be controlled or entirely shut off, if desired.

The construction-and arrangement heretofore described are common to all forms of my invention, and thediiferent applications thereof entail merely immaterial variations in the relation of these parts and other details of construction necessary to their use in a definite connection.

In Figs. 1 to 3, inclusive, 1 have shown the apparatus as applied to a steam carriage primary burner 0, its mixing-chamber c, and its portion ofthe combustion-chamber f are arranged at one side of the secondary burner boiler. This is preferable, as by such arrangement the secondary burner constitutes the sole source of heat for generating steam,- and the permanent flame of theprimary Preferably the primary burner c is of thin point valve is, the stem is of which passes in using my apparatus the oil may be fed \Vhatever the system boiler, as above stated. When so used, the

I), so that' the latter alone will be beneath the tain pressure somewhat lower than the blowchautl'eui"s seat, as 0, so that the secondm'yby a verticalpartition ji, extending to about having all portions of the OOH}lHISi iUIl'TElHIH1" burner will not raise the pressure in the boiler, but hna been found to maintain a cerofl' point. in this ci'mstructioi'i the plate 1/ o'l liigs. t and fl is (llSPGIlHOtl with, the lower crown-sheets of the boiler talk-big its place. in this form ot'i'ny invention the combustionchamimefis divided adjiuzent to the burner v onebhalf the height of the comlmstion-cham- 1 her, time protecting the flame of this burner l liro'nr the effects of the back draft occasioned i when the secondary burner is ignited, still i her, however, in direct coxmnunication with each other. g is'a plate located over the confine the flame and deflect it more or less over the secondary burner. \Yhen used in this connection, the valve w is mounted on a transverse plank located directly beneath the burner flame may be reduced, increased, extinguished, or relighted, as desired, from a point convenient to the throttle-levciz In Figs. 4: to '10, inclusive, the invention is shown as applied to theordimn'y lu-zating-lurnace. an airchamber 1) of any desired design and a rrangement, which is provided with the usual ht--air-distributing pipes 11 and the lluepi1,)e p to exhaust the gases which may enter the chamber 1). The apparatus is suspended within the base of theturmiee, as the ordinary fire pot', by meansot' the flange a. and an additional support therefor is provided. as the standard it, within the ordinary ash-pit To prevent as much as possible the radiation; of heat, the casing (i above the burner 11 am I die protected by a sheathing of asbestos, 1 tire-brick, or other similar material Hi. The l pit p" constitutes a tresh-air chamber with which the mixing-tube and the air-inlet 1 I of the mixing-t11be are in communication j and drawtheir supply of air. For con\'en 1 ience in this type ol apparatus the primary burnerw: is arranged within the secondary 3 l'iurner/Jinstead ol at one side thereof, and the 5 mixing-chamber I and hnrnenplate w are arranged belowthe level ol the secondary burner I), thus dispensing with the partition liot'l igs. I 1 and 2, yet protecting the flame of this burner from the eil'ects of back draft. The hood 1/,

' arranged above the burner r. serves to conline the l'laine of this burner and aids'in so protecting it. The top plate in this form of burner is provided with a plurality of small openings, which enables this plate to 5 act as a deflector to conline the flame of the secondaryburner more or less within the combustion-cllamher to. insure morepertect E combustion and avoid contamination of the air within the chamber i by the unconsunied gases and to deflect the vapor into that part i 1 any desired lorm.

The apparatus is here placed beneath l,

of the coinbustioirchamber over the primary burner, so as to insure ignition.

'lhe corrugations ol' the burner I may take In l igsQl to inclusive, they are shown in a plurality of parallel ceneentric circles and in Figs. ti and 7 in straight parallel lines. i

The operation ol the heretolbre-described apparatus whatever its applicatioi'l, is in so far as I have been able to determine as follows: lo Ignite the apparatus, a small amount of alcohol is placed in the pan 'and ignited and the lmmlle-point valve A" opened after the va iorizerportion hasbeen suflieiel'itly heat- 1 ed, the sullicienev ol heat being ascertained by the color of the llameandthe perfection of primary burner. and it is iinperforate to the eomlmstion in the primary burner. As

1 the oil passes through the portion of thepipe A adjacent to said pan the heat and flame therelrmn and the alreiuly-heated pipe vaporize it, and in this state it is charged jntothe mixing-tube where it receives an effective :uhnixture of oxygen through the air-inlet 'lhrough the tube it passes to tllGHllX- lug-chamber w and from there to-the combustion-chamberf1 through the openings 1: c in the primary burner 11, where it becomes ignited from the flame of thenlcohoh The 1 quantity of the alcohol being small, its flame f soon dies klown, so that. the volatlhzatlon of the oil passing through pipe Z' is continued solely by means of the flame from the primary burner r, the flame of which from this source is thus rendered self-sustaining and permanen t. \Vhen it is desired to light the second- I ary burner, the i'leedle-point valve 11 isopened to permit the passage of oil to the vaporizer through pipe I. This initial charge by con- [act with the superheating-eoil f fl which is kept hot by the flame from the primary burner w, iscom'erted into a vapor more or less super heated, which passes through the nozzle 1' and mixing-tube j, where it receives an admixture of oxygen, to the mixin g=chamb w (I. From this chamber it passes through theslots b b in the secondanv burner/; to the combustion-chamber f. The accumulationof this vapor or gas in the eoml1ustion-chamberfl it is ammrent, is self-ignited from the primary burner r. The flame thus produced is atlirst a blue-vapor llameol apparent good combusr tion, but alter the vaporizing-coil becomes a dull cherry-red color changes into a nearly transparentflameof moreperfectcombustion. This flame acts directly upon the vaporizingcoil f and thereafter vaporizes theoil at this point such vapor being afterward passed through the sn1im'lfieating-coil 1", where it is through the mixing-tube j to the secondary burner 11. The fuel-oil is therefore subjected while in the vaporizer to the continuous heat and si'iceessivcly to the flames of said secondary and said pri mary burner. "hen so. passed 4o fuel-supply-pipe systems.

that the fire can be forced to any desired ex-' furnace and described,

" through the two coils, asabove stated, a pure hydrocarbon gas is generated, which when. mixed with oxygen, the admixture of which is regulated by means of the needle-point valve i, develops an intense heat with a small expenditure of liquid fuel. With the ignition of the secondary burner b from the primary burner c a back draft is created, which tends to extinguish the flame of the latter. The partition It in the form shown in Figs. 1 to 3 and the arrangement of the ,burner c on a lower level than the secondary burner l), as shown in Figs. 4 to 7, inclusive, thus having the point of communication between the portion of the combustion-chamber. adjacent to said primary burner some distance above said burner and the imperforate plate or hood to confine its flame, serves to protect this flame from the effects of this back draft.

\ l' zo The intense heat 1n the combustion-chamber f has heretofore been found to overheat the burner-plates when thin metal was used for the same to an extent which induced back firing tothe mixing-chamber, with its resulting 2 inconvenience and injury. The non-conductive facing b has been found to quiteeflectually prevent this overheating and the results therefrcim.

The volume of flame is controlled by means 59 of the valve 11 and may therefore be readily regulated from any convenient point where this valve'is located. If it be desired to extinguish the flame entirely, this may be done by means of this valve, and the burner b may be relighted and the flame again produced to the desired extent by simply opening this valve, as the closing of the valve does not af-- feet the primary-burner flame in anyway, these burners being supplied from separate It has been found tent without adversely affecting combustion or injuring the burner in any way.

The application of my burner to a heatingresults in the production of an efiicient, clean, and economical means of heating and such as can be readily regulated.

It is not my intention to limit the invention to the details of construction as herein shown as it is apparent that the burner may be varied without departing from the spirit and scope of my invention.

Having described the invention, what I claim as new, and desire to have protected by Letters Patent, is-

1. In an apparatus for generating and b u rning gases from hydrocarbons, the combinatiorr of-a pri mary burner and a secondary burner providedwith separate mixing-chambers, a

secondary-burner fuel-supply system comprising a vaporizer and a super-heater formed of acontinuous pipeand subjected respectively directly to the flame of said secondary burner and said primary burner; means whereby oil isfed to said vaporizer and means whereby vapor from said superheater is given an admixture of air and discharged into said secondary-burner'mixing chamber, a primaryburner fuel-supply system comprising an individual vaporizer, means whereby oil is fed thereto, and means whereby vapor fro'm said vaporizer is given an admixture of ai' discharged into the mixing-chamber of primary burner.

2. In an apparatus for generating and burning gases from hydrocarbons, the combination of a primary burner, and a secondary burner .provided with separate mixing-chambers, a primary-burner fuel-supply system comprising a vaporizer so disposed as to be subjected to the flame of said primary burner, means whereby oil is fed to said vaporizer and means whereby vapor from said vaporizer is given an ad mixture of air and discharged into said primary-burner mixing-chamber, a secondaryburner vaporizer so disposed as to subject portions thereof to the flames of each of said burners, means whereby oil is fed to said secon ary-burner vaporizer and means whereby Va por from said secondary burner vaporizer is given an admixture of airand discharged into said secondary-burner mixing-chamber.

3. In an apparatus for generating and burning gases frdm hydrocarbons, the combination of a primary burner and a secondary burner provided with s eparatc mixing-chambers and separate mixing-tubes providing independent communication between each mixing-chamber and the atmosphere, a primary-burner fuelsupply system comprising a vaporizer so disposed as to be subjected to the flame of said primary burner, means whereby oil is fed to said vaporizer and means whereby vapor-from said vaporizer is discharged into the mixingtube of said primary-burner mixing-chamber ,to give said vapor an admixture of air, a secondary-bu rner vaporizer so disposed as to subject portions thereof to the flames of each of said burners, means wherebyoil is fed to said .secondary;burnervaporizer and means whereby va'por from said secondary-burner vaposecondary-burner mixing-chamber to give it an admixture of air.

4. In an apparatus for generating and burning gases from hydrocarbons, the combination of a primary burner. and a secondary burner provided with separate mixing-chambers and having a common combustion-chamber, indeperildent fuel -supply systems therefor comprising respectively a oil'is subjected to the flame of the primary burner and a vaporizer wherein the fuel-oil is subjected successively to the flames of both said burners and connections'providing communication between said Vaporizers respectively and a source of oil-supply, ing-chambers of the respective burners.

5. In an apparatus for generating and burning gases from hydrocarbons, the combination vaporizer wherein fueland the mixreams of a primary burner and a secondary burner provided with separate mixingmhambers and having acommon combastionchamber, inde pendent fuel-an pply systems therefor comprising" respectively a vaporizer wherein fuel-oil is subjected to the [lament the primary burner and a vaporizer wherein the fuel-oil is subjected successively to the flames of both said burners;- conncctions providing comn'iunication between said vaporizers respectively and a source of oil-supply, and the mixing-chainbers of the respective burners, and a lire-pan adjacent to said primary burner wherein a temporary flame is produced to produce the initial charge for said primary burner.

6. in a n apparatus for cncrating and burninp; gases from hydrocarbons, the combination of a primary burner and a secondary burner provided with separate mixing-chambers and having a' common combnation-chamber,-independent fuel-supply systems therefor com prising respectively a vaporizer wherein the fuel-oil is so bjected to the flame of the primary burner,- and a vaporizer wherein the fuel-oil is subjected successively to the flames of both said burners, connections providing commie nication between said Vaporizers respectively and a source of oil-supply, and the mixingchambers of the respective burners, and means whereby cxting'uishment of the flame of the primary burner from theback draft from the ignition of t'hesecondary burner is prevented.

7. In an apparatus for generating and burning gases from hydrocarbons, the combination of a= primary burner and a secondary burner provided with separate mixing-chambers and having a common combustion-chamber, independent fuel-supply systems for said burners, and a top plate over said primary l)Ull1(-)l,l}l1ftl3 portion of the combustion-cliamber between said burner and said plate being in communication with the rest of the said combustiorn chamber at a point above said burner and adjacent to said plate.

8. in an apparatus for generating and burnin g gases from hydrocarbons, the combination of a primary burncr i ind a secondary burner provided with separate mixirig-chambers and having a common combustion-chambcr, independent t'uel-i-nniply systcrzis therefor and a partition dividing the lower portion ol said Q0111bHRbl0ll-Pllfllill)0l' adjacent to said primary burner from thcrest of the lower portion of the said comliustion-ehamber.

9. In an apparatus for generating and bu rninp; gases from h yd rocarl: ons, the combination of a primary burner and a secondary burner provided with separate mixing-chambers and having a common combumion-chaml)cr, independent fuel-supply systems therefor comprising resl'iectively a vaporizer wherein fueloil is subjected to the flame of said primary burner and a vaporizer wherein the luchoil is subjected successively to the llames of both said lmrncrs, connections providing connnunil 2 burner may be controlled independently of that for the said primary burner.

ing gases from hydrocarbons, the combination of a primary burner and a secondary burner 3 provided with separate mixing-chambers and having, a common combustion-chamber, independent fuel --supply systems therefor com prising respectively a vaporimr'whcrcin fueloil is subjected to the flame of the primary burner, and a vaporizer wherein the fuel-oil, is subjected successively to the flames of both cation between said Vaporizers respectively arranged at a point of said secondary-burner t'uetsupply system remote from said burner whereby the flame of said burner may be'controlled independently of said primary burner ondary-bu rner fuel-supply system comprising a vaporizer and a superheater formed of a continuous pipe and subjected respectively to the flame of said secondary burner and said munication between said vaporizer and source of oil-supply and between said superheater and the mixing-chamber of said second ary burner, a primarydiurncr fuel-supply system comprising an individual vaporizer, means therefrom is given an admixture of air and discharged into the mixing-chamber of said primary burner, and a fire-pan arranged to produce an initial supply of vapor to said primary burner.

1.2. in an apparatus for generatingand burning gases from hydrocarbons, the combination of an inclosing casing, means dividing said casing' into separate miiring cl'iambers, an individual burnerplate having burncnopenintrs therein extending over said 1nixing-chambers respectively whereby a combustion'chamber common to, and above both said chambers is provided, said burnerplates closing the bottom of said combastion-chamber, and, through the said l urner-openings, establishing com munication between said mimug-chambers and said combnstion-chamber, independent fuelsupply systems for said burner-plates respcc tivel y comprising a vaporizer disposed above both said lmrncr-plates whereby fuel-oil thcrc in' is subjected successively to the flames thereof, and a vaporizer wherein fuel oil is subl jectedto the flame of but one oi said burnerand a source of oil-supply, and the mixingchambers of the respective bu rners anda valve having a common combustion-chamber, a sec primary burncr,'connections providing come a cation between said vaporirers respectively 10. lnana iparatusforgeneratingandburm said burners, connections providing communi for feeding oil thereto, means whereby vapor IIO burner-plate is controlled independently of theplates.mixing-tnbcsprovidingcommunication other.

13. 'In an apparatus for generating and burning gases from hydrocarbons, the combination of an inclosing casing, mea'ns dividingsaid cas- "ing into separate mixing-chambers, and individual burner-plate having burner-openings j therein extending over said mixingchagnbefs respectively whereby a combustion-chamber common to, and above both said chambers is provided, said burner-plates closing the. bot tom of said combustion-chamber, and,throngh "the said burner-openings, establishing coml'mumcation between saldnnxlng-chambers an'd said combustion-chamber,- indepe'ndent fuelsupply systems 'for said burner-platesrespectivel y comprising a 'vaporizerdisposed above both said burnerr-plateswhereby fuel-oil therein is subjected successively to the flames there of, and a vaporizer disposed above and wherein fuel-oil is subjected to the flame of but one of said burner-plates, mixing-tubes providing communication between said mixing-chambers respectively and the atmosphere, con- -nections proyiding communication between each of said Vaporizers and a source of oilsupply, and dischargingvapors therefrom into said mixing-chambers respectively through said mixing-tubes, and means whereby the fuel-supply for each said burner-plate is controlled independently'of the other.

In witnesslwhereof I have hereunto aflixed my signature; this 1st day of October, 1902, in the presence of two Witnesses. v v JOHN N. LEACH. Witnesses: N. LQFROTIII'NGHAM,

A. A. ASHMAN.

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