US781918A - Type-writing machine. - Google Patents

Description

No. 781,918. PATBNTED FEB. 7, 1905. J. A. SMITH.

TYPE WRITING MACHINE.

APPLICATION FILED JULY s1, 1903.

5 SHEETS-SHEET 1.

.EN mb PATENTED FEB. 7, 1905.

J. A. SMITH.

TYPE WRITING MACHINE.

APPLIGATIDN FILED JULY 31,1903.

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PATENTED FEB. 7, 1905.

J. A. SMITH. TYPE WRITING MACHINE.

APPLICATION FILED JULY 31.1903.

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Slifozncq PATENTED PEB. 7, 1905.

J. A. SMITH.

TYPE WRITING MACHINE.

PPLIoATIoN FILED JULY 31,1903.

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'VU l No. 781,918. PATENTBD PEB. 7. 1905.

I. A. SMITH.` TYPE WRITING MACHINE.

APPLIGATION FILED JULY31,1903.

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alltoznu Patented February '7, 1905.

IINTTED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

JOHN ASBURY SMITH, OF CLEVELAND, OHIO, ASSIGNOR TO ELLIOTT- FISHER COMPANY, OF NEIV YORK, N. Y., A CORPORATION OF DELA- IVARE.

TYPE-WRITING MACHINE.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 781,918, dated February '7, 1905.

Application filed J'uly 3l, 1903. Serial No. 167.761.

To /r/ U'mnr if may concern.-

Be it known that I, JOHN ASBURY SMITH, a citizen of the United States, residing at No. 40 Huron street, Cleveland, in the county of Cuyahoga and State of Ohio, have inventeda new and useful rlype-Iriting Machine, of which the Jfollowing is a speciiication.

This invention relates to type-writing Inachines, and has special reference to the improvement of the carriage-feeding mechanism which controls the step-by-step advance otl the carriage in the direction ot' letter-spacing.

The object of the invention, considered in its primary aspect, is to provide `for variable feeding ot' the carriage in order that the characters printed upon the work-sheet may be separated by intervals appropriate to the particular character of work performed. This general statement of the object of the inventhe considerations which have indicated the desirability ot this development of the art. In preparingtabulated statements, addressing' envelops,making out freight and express waybills, and in filling in insurance-policies, otIicial records, and kindred work it is desirable to bring out prominently certain of the data, particularly headings, names, Sac. In some classes of work it is desirable to secure this prominence by printing the matter to be emphasized in capitals or upper-case characters spaced apart by comparatively wide intervals, while in certain other classes of work it is desirable to employ the Lipper and lower case characters in their usual positions, but made prominent by exaggerated spacing. In carrying out the invention, therefore, provision has been made fornormal spacingmt'or instance, ten to the inch-and for abnormal or exaggerated spacing-"as, for instance, six to the inch--the mechanism` for effecting this variable spacing being so arranged that primary headings and the like may be printed exclusively in upper-case characters with wide spacing, and other matter-as, for instance, secondary headingsin both upper and lower case characters abnormally spaced, while still another portion of the printed matter--as, t'or instance, the body ot' the letter, report, or other form-may be printed in the ordinary manner with normal spacing'.

Subordinate to the primary object stated is the provision otl means for etlccting a reorganization ot' the carriage-feeding mechanism through the medium ot' two independent instrumentalities, one beingassociated with the case-key to change the feed when the key is depressed preparatory to the printing' ot' upper-case characters and the other being' independent ot' the case-key and designed for manipulation to secure exaggerated spacing for both upper and lower case characters.

A further object ot' the invention is to provide for a variable carriage-feed without reorganizing, adjusting, or in any way affecting' the elements ot' the escapement proper, this end being attained by means ot' a variable contion may be better understood by reference to l nection-as, for instance, gearing controlled by the escapementand in turn controlling the advance movement ot" the carriage.

A still further object of the invention is to equip a type-writing machine with variable carriage-feeding mechanism mounted upon and movable with the carriage.

To the accomplishment ot' the enumerated object-s and others subordinate thereto the invention resides in the construction and arrangement o't parts to be hereinafter dcscribed, illustrated in the accompanying drawings, and succinctly dclined in the appended claims.

In said drawings, Figure l is a sectional plan view ot' so much ot' a Fisher type-writer as is necessary to illustrate the application of my invention, the cover of the carriage being removed and certain of the parts being broken away and indicated in dotted lines. Fig. 2 is a longitudinal sectional view through the carriage, showing in elevation the escapement proper and certain ot' the elements ot' the feedv changing mechanism. Fig. 3 is a similar view with the parts in dilerent positions. Fig. I is still another sectional view of the carriage, showing the variable gearing organized for ten-to-the-inch spacing'. Fig. 5 is a similar view with the gea ring o rganized for six-to-thecapement-wheel.

inch spacing. Fig. 6 is a sectional view through the mounting of the escapement and showing the relation of the variable gearing of the es- Fig. 7 is a sectional elevation of the subject-matter of Fig. 6. Fig. 8 is a perspective view of the gear-carrier or carriage-feed shift-lever and its gears. Fig'. 9 is a perspective view designed to illustrate the relation of the carriage-feeding mechanism to the printing mechanism, the carriagerelease mechanism, the devices for changing the feed through the medium of the case-key or independently thereof, and to the device by means vof which the operative connection between the case-key and the feed-shift is broken to permit the printing of uppercase characters without changing the feed of the carriage. Fig. 10 is a detail view of the mounting of the case-key. Fig. 11 is a detail perspective view of the vibrator and certain of its connections. Fig. 12 is a similar view of the trip-lever. Fig. 13 is asimilar view of the holding-dog; and Fig. 14 is a sectional view of a portion of the carriage-casing, showing a modification .of the independent shift.

Like characters are employed to designate corresponding parts throughout the views.

The carriage-feeding mechanism, including the escapement and the various parts associated therewith and constituting the subject-l matter of the invention, is capable of general application to machines embodying an element arranged for intermittent advance, and particularly to various type-writing machines including' a carriage movable step by step in one direction. This mechanism has been designed, however, with special reference to the equipment of what is known commercially as the Fisher type-writing' machine, in connection with which it is illustrated in the drawings. The Fisher machine exemplified, for instance, in Patent No. 573,868, to R. J. Fisher, is especially adapted for writing in books or upon letter-sheets, bills, cards, and other work elements, supported in a flat spread-out condition upon a flat platen, over which the printing mechanism is moved.

rI he machine illustrated involves in its gcneral organization a carriage-supporting frame 1, designed to travel in the direction of linespacing upon the main tracks or guides (not shown) and provided with parallel front and rear carriage-guides 2 and 3, upon which is mounted to travel in the direction of letterspacing a carriage 4, usually provided with a pendent type-bar-sujiporting ring 5, upon which are grouped a series of type-bars 6, a portion of the ring 5 and one of the typebars being shown in Fig. 9. The carriage 4 is arranged to be drawn to the lright or in the direction of letter-spacing by spring-actuated straps or tapes7 and is provided with cariiage-pinions 8 and 9, which mesh, respectively,

the front and rear carriage-guides 2 and 3 of the machine-frame. The carriage-pinions 8 and 9 are mounted upon a common feed spindle or shaft 12, extending' transversely through the carriage-casing and having operative connection with a ratchet or escapement wheel 13, which constitutes the rack element of what may be termed the escapement proper. Since the spindle 12 is geared by the pinions 8 and 9 to the fixed racks 10 and 11, it follows that the escapement-wheel, having operative connection with the spindle, must rotate when the carriage moves forward in the direction of letter-spacing. Such rotary movement of the escapement-wheel 13, and consequently the advance of the carriage, is controlled by mechanism cooperating with the wheel and preferably comprising a pair of escapement-dogs--to wit, a holding-dog 14 and a spacing-dog l-constructed and arranged in a manner similar to the disclosure in my concurrent application Serial No. 167,762. These dogs occupy approximately horizontal positions and are pivotally mounted at their outer or remote ends upon an escapementbracket or base-plate 16, secured to the inner face of the rear wall 17 of the carriage-casing. The inner or proximate ends of the dogs are disposed for engagement with adjacent teeth of the escapement-wheel 13, the holding-dog 14 being normally in engagement with said wheel to hold the latter against movement. The other. or spacing dog 15 is normally disposed out of engagement, but in position to engage the tooth succeeding the one engaged by the holding-dog. to effect the alternate engagement of the dogs with the wheel 13, they are arranged to be swung simultaneously in opposite directions by a rocker or vibrator 18, pivotally mounted at its center upon the base-plate 16. At opposite sides of its axis the vibrator has operative connection with the escapement-dogs, this connection being preferably effected by means of studs 19 and 20, projecting from the vibrator and received within slots 21 and 22, formed for their reception in the dogs. The vibrator 18 is connected at one end, as by a link 23, to an arm 24, extending laterally from a rock-shaft 25. This rock-shaft is disposed longitudinally of the carriage within the casing thereof and is afforded bearings in the opposite end walls of the casing. Adjacent to its ends the shaft is provided with additional arms 26, pivotally connected to the upper end of slides 27, provided with lateral projections 28. These projections are disposed to be engaged bythe swinging keyyokes 29, mounted in the casing and disposed for actuation by the letter and space keys in the manner explained in the Fisher patent hereinbefore identified. Then a key is depressed, one of the key-yokes is swung and its rear ends, engaging certain of the projections on the slides, elevate the latter, causing' IOO (See Fig. 4.) In order IIO the rock-shaft 25 to rock and the connected vibrator18 to vibrate in an obvious manner. Thus upon the depression of a key the vibrator is swung from the normal position indicated in Fig. -t to the position indicated in Fig. 2, the holding-dog 14C is moved out of engagement with the escapement-wheel 13, and the spacing-dog 15 is moved into engagement with the wheel. The engagement of the spacing-dog is effected, however, before the disengagement of the holding-dog is complete, so that the letter-space feed of the carriage is not effected duringthe described transposition of the escapement-dogs. As soon as the key is released, however, the key-yokes will swing back, permittingthe slides to drop and the shaft and vibrator to swing back to the position indicated in Fig. 1. During this restoration of the parts to their initial positions the carriage will advance one letter-space, because when the holding-dog moves back into engagement with the wheel it will contact with the rear inclined face of the tooth formerly i engaged by it, and the escapeincnt wheel will therefore be permitted to move until the succeeding tooth engages the holding-dog. r1`he prompt return of the rock-shaft and the connected parts upon the release ot' a key is insured by the provision of suitable springs, as shown, and as the carriage must be free at all times to move back to the left the vertical dimensions of the slot 21 in the holding-dog are sufticient to accommodate the independent vibratory movement of the dog incidental to the reverse rotation of the escapement-wheel during the retraction of the carriage. The complete release of the carriage in order to permit unrestricted movement thereof is effected by a trip-lever 30, which is mounted upon the plate 16 and is equipped at one extremity with an antifrictionroller 31, disposed to b-ar upon the cam-shaped tailpiece 32 of the holding-dog. At its opposite end the trip-lever is connected to the rear extremity of a release-lever 33, suitably mounted in the carriage-casing and designed to be operated by the carriage-release key 3a, as is well understood. By depressing the key 34 the levers and 33 are swung and the tailpiece 32 of the dog is depressed for the purpose of lifting' the nose of said dog out of engagement with the ratchet-wheel, as shown in Fig. 3. \\'ith the parts thus positioned the carriage may be moved freely in either direction without reference to the actuation of the escapement.

The foregoing' description of the general construction and arrangement of the escapement and its key connections is thought to be necessary in order that the novel structural features ofthe present invention, to be hereinafter described, may be clearlyunderstood. It is also deemed necessary to describe briefly the usual construction employed in the Fisher type-writing machine to effect a change from the lower to the upper case by the depression of a case-key, inasmuch as the present invention contemplates the variation ofthe carriagefeed by the depression of the case-key under certain conditions.

The ty pe-bar 6 (illustrated in Fig. 9 of the drawings) is shown equipped with what is known in the art as a plural type-head 35, pivotally mounted at the upper free end of the type-bar and carrying upper and lower case characters 36 and 3T. This type-head is normally retained by a trigger 38 in a position which will insure the presentation of the lower-case character at the printing-point when the type-bar is thrown down by the depression of a key. lhe trigger 38 is mounted on the type-bar, as shown, and is provided with a cam-shaped tailpiece or trip-arm 39 and with a resetting-arm 40. Above the trip-arms 3S) of thc several triggers is disposed a trip-ring 41, carried by a trip-frame 42, secured to a vertically-disposed spring-supported stud 43, movable in a vertically-disposed guide-sleeve ai, suitably mounted in the carriage-casing. The trip-ring 41 normally occupies a position suliiciently elevated to prevent interference with the trip-arms of the triggers when the type-bars are swung down. \Vhen, however, it is desired to print an upper-case character, the trip-ring is depressed, so that tha` trigger of any actuated type-bar will be sw'ung out of engagement with the type-head by reason of the engagement of the tailpiece 39 of said trigger with the trip-ring during the initial movement o'f the bar. '.lhe tripping of the trigger in this manner and the consequent rclease of the type-head will permit the latter to shift under the impulse of centrifugal force, thus presenting the upper-case character in the printing position. During the retraction of the type-bar the head drops back to its normal position, and the restoration of the trigger toits position in engagement with the head is insured by the contact of the resetting-arm with a fixed bufferring 5, a portion of the latter being indicated in Fig. 9. The depression of the tripframe 11 for the purpose stated is effected through the medium of a case-key 46, whose stem 4:7 is suitably guided in the carriagecasing (see Fig. 10) and is connected at its lower end tothe case-key lever 4S, Yfulcrumed at its opposite end, as indicated at i9, and pivotally connected intermediate of its ends to the stud L13. The case-key is normally retained in its elevated position by a spring and is provided within the carriage-casing' with a laterally-extonding pin 51, which is designed to be engaged by a locking device` or swinging catch to retain the key in the depressed position-as, for instance, when it is desired to print upper-case characters exclusively.

Since the showing of the described mechanism is more or less fragmentary, reference IOO ITO

IZO

is made to the Fisher patent heretofore identiiied,also to reissued Letters Patent No. 11, 848 to R. J. Fisher, and to the Fisher patent, No. 708,213, wherein the entire organization of the machine, in addition to the elements selected therefrom for the purposes of the present disclosure, is shown.

It is now in order to describe the mechanism whereby I am enabled to secure the vari- -able feed of the carriage in the direction of letter-spacing#that is to say, intermittent advance movements of the carriage differing in extent-to the end that the characters printed may be separated by comparatively wide or narrow intervals, as desired. ln the illustrated embodiment of the invention the variable feed is secured by means of differential gearing, which under normal conditions permits such relative movement of the carriage with respect to the rack element or ratchet of the escapement as will provide for the printing of ten characters to the inch, but which may be reorganized to so increase the relative movement of the carriage that a less number of characters-say six to the inchmay be printed, the reorganization of the variable connection thus eecting a greater separation or wider spacing of the printed characters than is provided for normally. To provide for the interposition of this variable gearing, the ratchet-wheel 13 of the escapement instead of being mounted upon the feedspindle 12, as usual, is mounted independently thereof-as, for instance, upon a bearing-screw 53,v screwed into a post 54, projecting from the base-plate or bracket 16 of the escapement at a point directly above the spindle. (See Fig. 6.) Directly below the ratchet-wheel apinion 55 is keyed or otherwise secured to the feed-spindle 12. This pinion is termed the driving-pinion, for the reason that it is placed under tension by the pull exerted upon the carriage by the carriage-propelling mechanism and serves, through intermediate gearing, to drive the escapement-wheel when the latter is released by the dogs.

To the inner face of the escapement-wheel 13 is fixed what may be termed the driven pinion 56, constituting an element common to twoindependent trains of gears designed to alternately effect an operative connection between the driving-pinion and the escapementwheel. One of these trains of gears includes an intermediate pinion 57 in constant mesh with the driven pinion 56 and arranged to be moved into mesh with the driving-pinion 55` when the abnormal feed of the carriage and the consequent exaggerated spacing of the printed characters is desired. The other train of gearing includes an intermediate gear 58, which, like the gear 57, is in constant mesh with the driven pinion 56; but this gear inl stead of being arranged to mesh with the driving-pinion 55 is fixed to an intermediate pinion 59, which is moved into mesh with the `to the rack.

pinion 55 when the normal feed of the carriage and the consequent normal spacing of the printed characters is desired. Thus it will appear that by establishing the operative connection of the driving and driven pinions through these differently-proportioned trains of gearing the relative movement of said pinions is varied. Consequently as the advance of the carriage is proportioned to the advance of the driving-pinion such advance movements of the carriage in the direction of letter-spacing will vary in extent according to the organization'of the variable connection notwithstanding the fact that the step-by-step advance of the rack element or ratchet-wheel of the escapement is uniform. This characteristic of the present invention-to wit, the incorporation of variable gearing and means for changing or varying the sameas a permanent part of a type-writing-machine organization is believed to be broadly novel, and its importance will be readily appreciated by those familiar with this art.

It has been proposed to vary the extent of the carriage-feed by varyingthe movement of the rack element of the escapement. Thus escapement-dogs are associated with the rack, and the spacing or slip dog is permitted to move with the rack for a predetermined distance. Associated with such dog is a stop which is adjusted to arrest the dog at dierent points, and thus permit its movement for a distance of one, two, three, or more rackteeth. This arrangement besides involving certain structural disadvantages will be seen to contemplate only such variations of the feed as may be secured by a multiplication of the tooth-spaces-that is to say, the proposed arrangement permits the advance of the carriage a distance of one, two, or more rackteeth, but precludes the possibility of intermediate spacing bearing no definite relation The arrangement contemplated bythe present invention, on the contrary, renders it possible to secure any desired character of spacing without reference to the dimensions of the rack-teeth, since the advance of the carriage depends entirely upon the relative proportions of the elements of the variable gearing. Thus in the illustrated embodiment of the invention the intermediate gears are proportioned to effect a carriage-feed of six or ten letter-spaces to the inch, as desired; but in order to equip the carriage for other spacings it is simply necessary to provide other intermediate gears proportioned to effect the transmission of movement in the desired ratio from the driving-pinion 55 to the driven pinion 56, and it is evident that this end may be accomplished without disorganizing the escapement proper.

It is now in order to describe the means whereby the change or variation of the gearing is effected. The intermediate gears ofthe different trains are mounted upon what may TOO One end of the lever 60 is extended to a point I adjacent to one end of the carriage-casing, where it is provided with a terminal notch 6l, designed for the reception of the reduced extremity 62 of a lever 63, fulcrumed upon a post 64 and disposed transversely of the carriage. At its front extremity the lever 63 is pivotally connected to the stem 4T of the casekey 46-fas, for instance, by means of a pin 65, extendinglaterally from a collar 66 on the stem. \\'e have already seen that the depression of the case-key will reorganize the printing mechanism b v moving the trip 41 into a position which will insure the printing of upper-case characters when the typebars are operated, and it will now appear that by reason of the connection between the case-key and the carriage-feed shift-lever the depression of the key will also oscillate the lever 60 from the position shown in Fig. 4 to that indicated in Fig. 5, with the result that the variable connection of the carriage-feed mechanism will be reorganized or varied to provide exaggerated spacing for the u p per-case characters to be printed. If the matter to be printed-as, for instance, a primary heading-is to consist of upper-case characters exclusively, the case-key is held in its depressed position by moving the catch 52 into engagement with the pin 51. Thus this catch will be seen to constitute means for locking the gear-carrier or carriage-feed shiftlever 60 in one position.

The lever 63 is formed at its rear end with a laterally movable or swinging section 6T, designed to be moved laterally by a shifter 63 for the purpose of withdrawing the reduced extremity of the level 63 from the notch 62, thus disconnecting the case-key from the carriage-feed shift-lever. Thus supposing that a primary heading has been printed in upper-case characters exclusively,

as heretofore explained, and that it is desired to print another portion of the workas, for instance, the body of the report-with normally spaced upper and lower case characters occupying their natural positions this may be done by first moving' the catch 52 out of engagement with the pin 51 to release the case-key and thereafter operating the shifter 63 to disconnect the lever 63 from the carriage-feed shift-lever 60. The release of the case-key will have restored the elements of the variable connection to their normal positions, and the connection between the lever 60 and the case-key being broken said key may be depressed for the purpose of changing to upper-case characters without effecting a reorganization of the carriage-feed. The upper and lower case characters may therefore be printed indiscriminately and the normal or ten-to-the-inch feed of the carriage preserved.

W'e have now seen that it is possible to print upper and lower case characters in the usual manner with normal or ten-to-the-inch spacing or upper-case characters exclusively with exaggerated or six-to-the-inch spacing. lt is desirable undersome conditions, however* as, for instance, in printing secondary headingsto utilize both the upper and lower case characters in their usual positions, but separated by exaggerated spaces. 1 have therefore provided a second actuator or shifting device for the lever 60, arranged for automatic connection with said lever when the connection between the shift-lever 60 and the lever 63 is broken. This independent actuator for the carriage-feed shift-lever may be and preferably is in the form of a bell-crank lever 6E), mounted in any suitable manner within the carriage-casing and having one end extended through the top of said casing for convenient manipulation. At its opposite end the lever 69 is pivotally connected to the upper end of a link TO, provided at its lower extremity with a slot Tl to receive a pin 'T2 at the innerendof theshifter63. (See Fig. 3.) Ata point intermediate of its ends the link T0 is provided with a notch T3, arranged to be engaged by a pin 74 on the lever 60 when the shifter 68 is drawn out to the position indicated in dotted lines in Fig. 4. .l n fact, the position of the parts indicated in dotted lines in said ligure is normal, because ordinarily the feed mechanism is organized 'for ten-to-the-inch spacing' and the case-key is released from the carriagefeed shift-lever, so that upper-case characters may be printed in the usual manner without a change of feed. Suppose, however, it is desired to print both upper and lower case characters with exaggerated spacing'. This may be effected by shifting the actuator 69 to the position shown in Fig. .2 ofthe drawings, the carriage-feed shift-levm 60'thus being swung independently of the case-key to reorganize the variable connection by throwing the gear 59 out of and the gear 5T into mesh with the driving-pinion 55. The actuator 69 may be locked in its adjusted positions in any suitable manner-"as, for instance, by notching one wall of the slot T5 in the top wall of the carriage-casing. 1f the lever 69 is shifted back to its normal position, the carriage-feed shiftlever will be depressed to the position shown in Fig. 4, the gear will be changed from six to the inch to ten to the inch or normal, and, if desired, the shifter may be moved in to ctl'ect the reengagement of the lever 63 with the lever 60 and the disengagement of the link 70 from the pin T4. The parts will then be in the positions indicated in full lines in Fig. 4,

The manner of connecting the shifter 68` with the-swinging section 67 of the lever 63 is not material, the only essential feature of such connection being the provision of means permitting such movement of the lever 63 as is incidental to the depression of the case-key, it being obvious that this movement of the levei' must be provided for in both positions of the shifter. By preference, however,vthe shifter 68 is formed with a vertically-disposed open-ended guide 76, which, like the notch 61 in the lever 60, receives the reduced portion 62 of the lever 63 The shifter 68 may be guided in a bearing-post 77, (see Fig. 9,) and its front end terminates in a handle 78 and is provided with notches 79 designed to engage the wall of the carriage-casing to retain the shifter in either of its adjusted positions.

It may be desirable under some conditions to equip the vmachine with only one actuator or operating device for the feed-changing mechanism, in which event the case-hey alone may` be employed, or the connections between the case-key and the lever 60 may be omitted, and the bell-crank lever or actuator 69u would in that event be connected directly to the carriage-feed shift-lever 60 by a loose connection 80, as shown in Fig. 14.

Theoperation of the various mechanisms contributing to the illustrated embodiment of the invention has been incidentally described during the foregoing description and will be clearly understood without further comment. In order, however, that the scope of the subjoined claims may be intelligently determined, it may be well to point out briefly the several aspects in which the patentable novelty here presented may be viewed. In the first place the invention obviously comprehends-a movable carriage, whether it be designed for the support of the printing mechanism, as in the illustrated type of machine, or` for the support of paper, as in machines of the roundplaten type. Upon this carriage the mechanism for changing' the feed thereof is mounted as distinguished from feed mechanisms which embody escapement-dogs mounted on the frame and controlled in their movements by .mechanism mounted independently of the carriage. This feed-changing means, which in the present instance is the shiftable element of the variable gearing, is operated to vary the feed of the carriage by an actuator which is movable with the carriage, the broad term actuator being answered by either the case-key or the lever 69. In another aspectthe invention will be seen to comprehend carriage-feeding mechanism including an intermittently-movable elementas, for instance, the escapement-wheel land a variable connection for varying the relative movetinguished from those constructions which embody a fixed rack and a carriage the feed of which is controlled by a dog whose movements exactly correspond with the movements of the carriage, but which is limited in its movement by agraduated stop. In other words, the present invention embodies meansgto wit, variable gearinggwhich is separate from the escapement proper and which varies the extent of movement of the carriage when the latter is released. In stillanother aspect the invention comprehends the provision of carriage-feeding mechanism including variable gearing and an escapement controlling the movement of an elementthereof. In the present embodiment of the invention the escapement is mounted on the carriage, as also are the shiftable elements of the gearing. It will be understood, however, that this particulararrangement is by no means essential, since in adapting the invention for the equipment of machines embodying various types of escapements involving slip-racks mounted on the carriage or a fixed rack mounted on the carriage and engaging escapement-dogs on the frame, &c., the mounting of the parts would be greatly varied, while still retaining the broad feature of the variable gearing controlling` the extent of the carriage-feed inaugurated by the depression of the key. It is to be distinctly understood, therefore, that, considered in its broader aspects, the invention is not limited to any particular means for effecting the variation of the feed or to the employment of any particular escapement; also, that the character of the variable connection for varying the movement of the carriage relative to the rack member of the escapement may be varied within wide limits land disposed to be actuated by one or more actuators irrespective of the particular character of the mounting or connection of the latter. In brief, I desire it to be understood that while the illustrated embodiment of the yinvention is thought at this time to be prefanism including a dog-controlled rack member' arranged for release by the keys of the printing mechanism and having constantly-uniform ment of said element and the carriage as dismovement, variable means whereby the extent IOO IIO

of the carriage-feed may be varied notwithstanding the uniformity of movement of the racl( member, and a key operatively related to said means to effect the variation of the carriage-feed.

I3. In a type-writing machine, the combination with a movable car riag'e, printing mechanism, and operating-keys therefor, of carriagefeeding' mechanism including a rack member arranged for release by the keys and having' constantly-uniform movement, variable gearing controlling' the movement of the carriag'e and controlled by the rack member, and an actuator operatively related to the variable gearing to rearrange the same and thereby vary the extent of the carriage-feed notwithstanding' the constant uniformity of movement of the rack member.

JL. In a type-writing machine, the combination with a movable carriage, of carriag'efeeding' mechanism including an escapement and variable gearing, and means for shifting one, element of said gearing' into operative position and another element thereof out of operative position to vary the extent of the carriage-feed.

.3. In a type-writing machine, the combination with a movable carriag'e and a relatively fixed feed-raclaifcarriage-feeding' mechanism including an escapement movable with the carriage, variable gearing' connecting the rack and escapement and means whereby the carriage-feed may be changed through the medium o'f the gearing.

6. In a type-writing' machine, the combination with a movable carriage and a relatively fixed feed-rack, of a feed-pinion geared tothe rack and movable with the carriage, an escapement mounted on the carriage and including' a rack member and cooperating dogs, and variable gearing in the line of connection between the feed-pinion and the rack member of the escapement and means for etl'ectinga variation of said gearing' to change the extent of the carriage-feed.

T. ln a type-writing machine, the combination with a movable carriage and a relatively lixed feed-rack, of carriage-'feeding mechanism including a feed-pinion movable with the carriag'e and geared to the rack, a rotary escapement-wheel mounted on the carriag'e, dogs cooperating with the wheel, variable gearing connecting' the escapement-wheel with the feed-pinion, and a key for effecting a variation of the gearing to change the carriage-feed.

8. In a tvpe-writing machine, the combination with a movable carriage, of carriage-feeding mechanism including an escapement and variable gearing', and a gear-carrier carrying' separate elements of the g'earing' and shiftable to present said elements in operati ve position.

9. In a type-writing machine, the combination with a movable carriage, of carriage-feeding mechanism including an escapement and variable gearing, and a carriage-feed shift-lever carrying separate elements of the gearing at opposite sides of its axis and movable to present said elements in operative position.

10. In atype-writing machine, the combination with a movable carriage, of carriagefeeding' mechanism including a rotary escapement-wheel, escapement-dogs, variable gearing' for varying' the extent of the carriage-feed and including a driven gear fixed to the escapement-wheel, a driving-gear and intermediate gears, and a carriage-'feed shift-lever coaxial with the driven gear and movable to present the intermediate gears in operative position to vary the carriage-feed.

11. In a type-writing machine, the combination with a movable carriage and carriagefeeding mechanism includingvariable gearing, of mechanism 'for printing upper and lowercase characters and including a case-key operatively related to the carriag'e-feeding mechanism to chang'e the feed when the key is depressed to change the case.

12. In a type-writing machine, the combination with a movable carriage and Vfarriagefeeding' mechanism including variable gearing mounted on the carriag'e, of means for re arranging said gearing to vary the extent of the feed, and printing mechanism including a case-key operatively related to said means.

13. In a type-writing' machine, the combination with a movable carriage, carriag'e-feeding mechanism including an escapcment and if'ariable gearing mounted on the carriage, of means for rcorganizing the gearing to vary the extent of the feed, and printing mechanism also mounted on the carriag'e and including a case-key operatively connected to said means and adapted to simultaneously change the case and the extent of the carriage-feed.

14. YIn a type-writing machine, the combination with a movablel carriage and variable carriage feeding' mechanism, of printing mechanism includingl a case-key operatively connected to the feeding' mechanism to change the feed, and means for disconnecting the key to permit a chang'e of case without a change of feed.

15. In a type-writing machine, the combination with a movable carriage, carriage-feeding mechanism including an escapement and variable gearing 'for varying the extent of the carriage-feed, of a carriage-feed shift-lever movable to reorganize the gearing and change the feed, printing' mechanism includinga caseley, and a shifter controlling' the connection between said key and the carriage-feed shiftlever.

16. In a type-writing machine, the combination with a movable carriage and variable carriage-feeding mechanism, of a carriagefeed shift-lever movable to change the feed, an actuator, and a connecting' member between the actuator and theel rriage-feed shiftlOO I'IO

lever, said member being movable to an inoperative position to break the connection between the actuator and the lever.

17. In a type-writing machine, the combination with a movable carriage, and carriagefeeding mechanism including means for varying the extent of the feed, of printing mechanism, and a plurality of actuators for -said means, one of said actuators being independent of the printing mechanism.

18. In a type-writing machine, the combination with a movable carriage, and carriagefeeding mechanism including means for varying the extent of the carriage-feed, of printing mechanism including a case-key operatively related to said means, and a second actuator for said means, said actuator being independent of the printing mechanism.

19. In a type-writing machine, the combination with a movable carriage and carriagefeeding mechanism including variable gearing for regulating the extent of the carriage-feed, of a plurality of independent devices for effecting' a reorganization ofthe gearing to vary the feed.

20. In a type-writing machine, the combination with a movable carriage and a carriagefeeding mechanism including variable gearing, of printing mechanism including a casekey operatively related to the gearing to change the feed, and an actuator independent of the printing mechanism and likewise operatively related to the gearing to change the feed.

21. In a type-writing machine, the combination with a movable carriage, of carriagefeeding mechanism, including means for varying the extent of the feed, independent actuators for said means, and means for connecting the feed-varying means with either of said actuators.

22. In a type-writing machine, the combination with a movable carriage, and carriagefeeding mechanism including variable gearing, of a plurality of independent devices for reorganizing the gearing to vary the feed of the carriage, and means for operatively connecting either of said actuators with the gearing.

23. In a type-writing machine, the combination with a movable carriage, and carriagefeeding mechanism including means for varying the extent of the feed, of a pair of independent actuators for said means, and means for simultaneously connecting one of the actuators with 'and disconnecting the other actuator from the feed-varying means.

24. In a type-writing machine, the combination with a movable carriage and carriagefeeding mechanism including variable gearing for varying the extent of the feed, of a plurality of independent actuators for reorganizing the gearing, and means for simultaneously connecting one of the actuators to, and disconnecting the other actuator from the gearing.

25. In a type-writing machine, the combination with a movable carriage, carriage-feeding mechanism and means for varying the extent of the feed, ofprinting mechanism including a case-key, an actuator independent of the printing mechanism, and means for connecting either the case-key or the actuator with the feed -varying means and for simultaneously disconnecting the other of said elements therefrom.

26. In a type-writing machine, the combination with a movable carriage and carriagefeeding mechanism including variable gearing, of printing mechanism including a casekey, an actuator independent of the printing mechanism, and means for operatively connecting the case-key or the actuator with the gearing and for simultaneously disconnecting the other of said elements therefrom.

27. In a type-writing machine, the combination with a movable carriage and carriagefeeding mechanism including means for varying the extent of the feed, of a carriage-feed shift-lever for operating said means, printing mechanism including a case-key, a shifter controlling the connection between the case-key and the lever, a separate actuator for said lever, and means controlled by the shifter for connecting the lever and actuator.

28. In a type-writing machine, the combination with a movable carriage, and carriagefeeding mechanism including means for varying the extent of the feed, of a carriage-feed shift-lever for operating said means, printing mechanism including a case-key, a lever connecting the case-key to the carriage-feed shiftlever and having a section movable to4 break the connection, a shifter for moving said section, a link connected to the shifter and movable therewith into and out of connection with the carriage-feed shift-lever, and an actuator connected to said link.

29. In a type-writing machine, the combination with a movable casing, and carriagefeeding mechanism including means for varying the extent of the feed, of printing mechanism includinga case-key mounted on the carriage, an actuator independent of the case-key, and means for connecting either the case-key or the actuator with the means for varying the carriage-feed.

30. In a type-writing machine, the combination with a movable carriage, and carriagefeeding mechanism including means for varying the extent of the feed, of printing mechanism includinga case-key, an actuator mounted on and movable with the carriage, and means for connecting either the case-key or said actuator with the feed-varying means.

31. In a type-writing. machine, the combination with a movable carriage, and carriagefeeding mechanism including means for varying the extent of the feed, of printing mechanism mounted on the carriage and including a case-key, a separate actuator likewise mountiro' IIS

ed on the carriage, and means for operatively connecting' either' the case-key or said actuator with the feed-varying' means.

3Q. In a type-writing machine, the combination with a movable carriag'e and a relatively lixed rack, of variable g'earing' operatively connected to the rack and carriag'e respectively, an escapement controlling' the operation of the g'earing', and a plurality of independent devices for rearranging' the g'earing' to vary the extent of the carriage-feed.

In a t-ype-writing machine, the combination with a movable carriage, a relatively fixed rack and variable gearing' controlling' the movement of the carriage relative to the rack, of an escapement controlling' the movement of the gearing', printing' mechanism, and separate devices for effecting the rearrangement of the gearing', one of said devices constituting' the case-key of the printing' mechanism,

Si In a type-writing' machine, a movable carriage, printing' mechanism, feeding' mechanism including' an escapement and variable gearing', a member shiftable to reorganize the g'earing' and thereby vary the carriage-feed, and a key arranged to shift said member and to reorganize the printing' mechanism.

35. In a type-writing' machine, a movable carriag'e, printing' mechanism, carriage-feeding' mechanism including' an escapement and variable g'earing', a member carrying' elements of said g'earing' and shiftable to move said elements into and out of operative position to change the extent of the carriage movement controlled by the escapement, and a casekey having' operative connection with said member.

36. In a type-writing' machine, a movable carriag'e, printing' mechanism, carriag'e-feeding mechanism including' a feed-spindle, an escapement controlling' the movement of said spindle, variable gearing' intermediate of the escapement and spindle, and means for moving' different elements of the gearing' into operative position to vary the extent of the advance movement of the spindle upon the release of the latter by the escapement.

3T. In a type-writing' machine, a movable carriage, printing' mechanism movable with the carriage and including' a case-key, a relatively iixed rack, a feed-spindle movable with the carriag'e and geared to the rack, an escapement controlling' the movement of the spindle, and means operated by the case-key for varying the extent of the escapcment-controlled movement of said spindle.

38. Atype-writer for producing' two distinct classes of print comprising' in combination two distinct alphabets of type each usable independently of the other, and carriage-feeding' mechanism including' variable gearing to give a uniform narrow or a uniform wide feed accordingly as one alphabet or the other is in use.

39. In a type-writing' machine, a movable carriage, a series of type-bars each having a movable head, two distinct alphabets of type one type of each alphabet being' carried by each type-head, carriage-feeding mechanism normally arrang'ed to letter-space the printing, a case-key, means operated by the case-key and arranged to cause the shifting of the typeheads, and means also operated by the caseliey for varying' the extent of the carriage-feed.

40. In a type-writing machine, a movable carriag'e, a series of type-bars each having a movable head, two distinct alphabets of type, one type of each alphabet being carried by each type-head, carriage-feeding' mechanism normally arranged to letter-space the printing when one alphabet is in use, a case-key, means operated by the case-key for shifting' the heads to bring' the other alphabet into use, and means also operated by the case-key for varying the extent of the carriage-feed.

il. In a type-writing machine, a movableV carriage, a relatively fixed rack, a feed-spindle movable with the carriage and geared to the rack, carriag'c-feeding mechanism including' an escapement controlling' the movement of the spindle, a series of type-bars movable with the carriag'e and having' rocking heads each equi ppcd with a plurality of type, a casekey, means operated by the case-key for varying the extent of the spindle movements, and means operated by the case-key and movable into position to cause the shifting of the typeheads.

In testimony that I claim the foregoing' as my own I have hereto affixed my signature in the presence of two witnesses.

JOHN ASBURY SMITH.

W'itnesses:

A. R. VARNER, J. A. ZIEGLER.

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