US743241A - Electric-arc lamp. - Google Patents

Description

" 'PA'TEN'TED NOV. s, 1903.

H. BREMER.

ELECTRIC ARC LAMP.

APPLICATION FILED AUG. 2, 1902.

K0 MODEL.

min eJ'J es:

Tatented November 3, 1903 PATENT OEEIoE;

HUGO BREMER, OF NEHEIM, GERMANY.

ELECTRIC-ARC LAM P.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 743,241, dated November 3, 1903.

Application filed August 2,1902. Serial No. 118,064. (No model.)

To all whom it may concern.-

Be it known that I, HUGO BREMER, a subject of His Majesty the Emperor of Germany, residing at Neheim-on-theRuhr, in the Province of Westphalia, Germany, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Electric-Arc Lamps, of which the following is a specification.

The object of the present invention is to secure a quick and reliable ignition of the are in lamps wherein a striker is used for establishing the arc in the first instance and for restablishing it after the arc is extingnished.

In the accompanying drawings, illustrating my invention,Figure 1 is a diagram matic view of a lamp of this class, showing the striker displaced from its normal position. Fig. 2 is a front elevation of the striker, and Figs. 3, 4, 5, and 6 are details illustrating progressive steps in the establishment of the are.

Referring to the drawings, 1 and 2 are respectively the positive and negative electrodes of the lamp, the same being contained in conducting-tubes 3 and 4 and being adapted to be fed through the said tubes by mechanism. (Not shown.) The striker is shown at 5, being pivoted at 6 and acted upon bya magnet 7, included in a shunt-circuit 8 between the positive and negative binding-posts 9 and 10.

In series with the electrodes is an electromagnet 11, having an armature 12, pivoted at 13. This armature is under the influence of a spring 14, tending to draw it away from the pole of the magnet 11 and into contact with a point 15, which is connected by a wire 16 with the shank or pivot of the striker 5.

As shown in Fig. 2, the striker is formed into a yoke at its lower end, one arm, 17, thereof being conductively connected with the shank 5 and the other arm, 18, being insulated therefrom, as shown at 19. This striker is normally retracted by a spring 20, so as to withdraw the points of the striker-arms from the range of the lower points of the electrodes.

In Fig. 1 the striker is illustrated in a displaced position, the normal position being at right angles to that therein shown, so that the arm 17 may pass under and make contact with the point of the electrode 2, while the arm 18 may perform the same operations with respect to the point of the electrode 1.

hVhen the lamp is in operation, the main circuit passes from the positive binding-post 9, through the magnet 11 to the electrode 1, thence to the electrode 2 and the bindingpost 10. While the lamp is in this condition, the magnet 11 is energized and the armature 12 is held so as to break contact with the point 15. If, however, the arc should be extinguished and the main circuit thus broken, the magnet 11 becomes denergized and the armature 12, under the influence of the spring 14, drops so as to make contact with the point 1 5,whereupon a circuit is established from the binding-post 9 to the pivot 13, thence through the armature to the point 15, thence by way of the wire 16, the shank 5, to the arm 17. Beyond this point the circuit can go no farther until the striker is drawn forward, which action takes place through the operation of the magnet 7in shunt to the electrodes. When the striker has been drawn forward far enough to bring the ends thereof under the respective electrode-points, the described circuit through the striker is continued by way of the arm 17 and the electrode 2, passing out at the binding-post 10. The shunt-circuit is now out out and the striker is released into the power of the spring 20, which immediately withdraws it. At this point in the operation the are which begins to be formed is affected by a blow-magnet 21, which is so located as to turn the are as indicated in the later figures of the drawings. This blow-magnet may be connected np in a shunt to the electrodes or be arranged in any of the ways made known by myprevious patents and applications.

The diagrammatic views, Figs. 3, 4, 5, and 6, show what takes place at the arc during the withdrawal or retrogression of the striker. At first, as shown in Fig. 3, an arc is formed between the point of the electrode 2 and the arm 17, with a tendency to are over in the direction of the arm 18, such tendency being induced by the action of the blow-magnet 21. This tendency is continued on a further withdrawal of the striker-arms, as shown in Fig. 4, while a still further withdrawal results in an are such as illustrated in Fig. 5, wherein it appears that the arc is so far thrown over toward the arm 18 as to nearly touch the point of the electrode 1. At or before the time when the striker is completely restored to its original position the current traversing the are forms a path of less resistance through the electrode-points than between the electrode 2 and the striker, whereupon the are suddenly forms itself into the shape illustrated in Figs. 1 and 6-that is to say, the normal arcis established between the electrode-points and the lamp is again in fulloperation. The steps thus described follow one another in very rapid succession, so that the arc is completely reestablished practically instantaneously, and no serious disturbance takes place either in the lamp itself or in the circuit in which it is included.

Manifestly the striker may, if preferred, be provided with a single arm making contact with both electrodes, in which case the diagram appearing in Fig. 1 might represent approximately the true position of the striker with relation to the electrodes, although the striker maybe arranged so that its throw will be transverse to a line connecting the electrode-points, whether the end of the striker is yoked or solid. It is, however, generally more advantageous to make the free end of the striker in the form of a yoke, and in order to prevent a short circuitthrough the yoke it is also best to insulate one arm of the yoke from the other. Moreover, the yoke form described interferes less with the active radiation of light from the are even before the are between the electrode-points is fully reestablished, and for that reason theyokc is a desirable feature. \Vhat I mean is that the incipientarc represented in Fig. 3 and the increased are shown in Figs. 4 and 5 will themselves be luminous, and when a striker is used having a yoke at its free end this luminosity may shine through and cause less apparent disturbance of the light through the act of reestablishing the are.

I claim as my invention- 1. In an electric-arc lamp wherein a striker is employed for striking an arc between the electrodes, means for giving to the striker the same polarity with one of the electrodes whenever the arc is extinguished.

2. In an electric-arc lamp wherein a striker is employed for kindling the are between the lamp-electrodes,means forgivingtothestriker whenever the arc is extinguished the same polarity with one of the electrodes and means for causing the striker to approach and make contact with the other electrode.

3. In an electric-arc lamp, the combination with a pair of electrodes, of a striker having arms insulated from each other and adapted to make contact with the several electrodes, one of these arms being of opposite polarity to the electrode with which it makes contact.

4:. In an electric-arc lamp, the combination with a pair of electrodes, of a striker having arms insulated from each other and adapted to make contact with the several electrodes, one of these arms being of opposite polarity to the electrode with which it makes contact, and means for withdrawing the striker as soon as current begins to flow between the said striker-arm and the electrode.

5. In an electric-arc lamp, an electromagnet in series therewith, a striker for kindling the are between the points of the electrodes, a switch controlled by the said magnetaud a circuit connected with the strikerand adapted to be held open by the action of the magnet on the switch while the arc is burning and to be closed by the deenergizing of the said magnet when the arc is extinguished, means for causing the striker to make contact with the electrode having a polarity opposite to its own when the striker-circuit is closed and means for withdrawing the striker when the circuit is established between itself and the electrode.

Signed at Dusseldorf, Germany, this 17th day of July, A. D. 1902.

HUGO BREMER.

Witnesses:

WM. EssENWEIN, O. FRANOKE.

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