US745098A - Internal-combustion engine. - Google Patents

Description

PATENTED NOV. 24, 1903.

G. BRIKSON.

INTERNAL GOMBUSTION BNGNB.

APPLICATION FILED 00T. 17. 1902.

N0 MODEL. 2 SHEETS-SHEET 1.

ATTORNEY N0.;745,098. PATENTED Nov. 24, 1903.

G. EEIKsoN. INTERNAL GOMBUSTION ENGINE.

APPLICATION FILED 00T.17. 1902.

H0 MODEL. 2 SlETsi-SHEET 2.

INVENTOR O @f2 (Rv/Vy p QAQ'M) ATTORNEY UNITED STATES Patented November 24, 1903.

PATENT Ori-TCE GUS'IAF ERIKSON, OF SDEILTELGE, SWEDEN, ASSIGNOR TO VAGNFABRIKS AKTIEBOLAGET I SODERTELGE, OF SDERTELGE, SWEDEN.

INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINE.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent N0. 745,098, dated. November 24, 1903.

Application led October 17, 1902. Serial No. 127,671. (No model.)

To a/ZZ whom t may concern,.-

Beit known that I, GUsTAE EEIKsON, engineer, a subject of the King of Sweden and Norway, and a resident of Sdertelge, in the Kingdom of Sweden, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in or Relating to Internal-Combustion Engines, of which the following is a specification, reference being had therein to the accompanying drawings.

This invention relates to internal-combustion engines or explosive vapor-engines of the four-cycle description; and the object of the invention is to provide means for governing their power and rotary speed.

One defect found in the explosion-engines now in use is their inability to vary speed and torque within wide limits. For this reason it has not been found feasible in many instances to substitute explosion-engines for steam-engines or electric motors. An instance of this kind is an engine for operatinga machine-tool where a variable' speed with a constant torque is required. Another instance is the employment of an engine for propelling a vehicle where it is necessary to introduce complicated gearing between the motor and the vehicle-wheels in order to control the speed of the vehicle. The present engine, in which my invention is embodied, is, however, capable of variation in velocity with constant torque or in torque with constant velocity as readily as a steam-engine or electriomotor, and, furthermore, it will adjust itself automatically to variations in load, so that when the load increases the torque is also increased in proportion to the increase in the load, the rotary velocity being, however, proportionately reduced.

The object is attained by admitting into the cylinder of the engine a greater or less quantity of an explosive mixture of a constant composition and at the same time admitting a smaller or greater quantity of air in such a manner as not to allow the air in a noteworthy degree to mix with the explosive mixture in the charging-chamber of the cylinder and to such a quantity that practically a complete iilling of the cylinder is always obtained.

In the accompanying drawings, which serve to illustrate an embodiment of the invention, Figure l is a partial sectional side elevation of the engine; and Fig. 2 is a plan of the same, partly in section.

A is the cylinder of the engine, B is the piston therein, and O is the connecting-rod which couples the piston to the crank D on the main shaft E.

F is the passage admitting the explosive mixture into the ignition-chamber G.

I-I is the admission-valve that is opened either by suction, as illustrated in the drawings, or mechanically, and I is the exhaustvalve. This valve is opened at each fourth stroke of the engine by a rod K, actuated by a cam L on a counter-shaft M, driven by suitable gearing from the engine-shaft E.

All of the above features are known in this class of engine and are employed herein to illustrate the application to such an engine of the present invention, which will now be described with reference to the drawings.

In connection with the explosion-chamber Gr is an air-valve N, the valve-box of which communicates through small openings O with the outer air. A tube or pipe P extends from the valve into the explosion-chamber u`p to the rear part of the piston B when the latter takes up its remote position from the crankshaft. The valve N, which is opened by suction, is closed by a spring, the tension of which in case the admission-valve H be also opened by suction is adjustedin such amanner that a stronger suction is required for opening the valve N than that required for opening the admission-valve II. In case the admissionvalve be opened bya lever or other mechanism the strength of the closing-spring of the valve N is of no particular importance. Located in the admission-passage F for the explosive mixture,as near as possible to the admissionvalve H, is a throttle-valve Q. This throttlevalve can be controlled either by hand or by a regulator through the medium-rod Q', as seen in Fig. 1. The purpose of the provision of the two valves N and Q is to make it possible by throttling the inlet by means of the diminished. The air and explosive mixture do not mix with each other when entering the charging-chamber, the air being admitted by means of the pipe P to a place in front of the explosive mixture, which is admitted at the extreme end of the charging-chamber. The cylinder will be approximately filled, and the compression will thus be nearly constant. If the ignition, which can be performed, say, either by an ignition-tube or by electricity, is arranged to take place near the entrance of the explosive mixture, the combustion, partly on account of being initiated at a spot where a strong explosive mixture is found and partly on account of the approximately constant compression, is always insured however small a quantity of explosive mixture is drawn in.

By using the air-valve N and the throttlevalve Q for regulating the quantity of explosive mixture drawn in it is possible, first, to vary the power of the engin e, while retaining a constant speed of rotation; second, to vary the speed of the engine under a constant load, and, third, to obtain an automatic governing control of the power and speed of the engine according to the variations in the load.

Case l. Then the engine is running at a constant speed and the resistance to admission of explosive mixture is varied by the throttlevalve, a greater or less quantity of air will be drawn in through the air-valve and a correspondingly smaller or greater quantity of explosive mixture will be drawn in through the admission-valve and as a result the violence of the explosions and the power of the engine will be varied.

Case 2. With a constant load if the resistance offered to the admission of explosive mixture through the throttle -valve be decreased a smaller quantity of air will be drawn in through the air-valve and a correspondingly larger quantity of explosive mixture will be drawn in through the admission-valve. As a result, the violence of the explosions will increase and the velocity of the engine will be correspondingly increased. In consequence of the increased speed of the engine the resistance in the throttle-valve is also increased, and as a result a larger quantity of air is drawn in through the air-valve. This will continue until the resistance in the throttlevalve amounts to the original resistance,when a condition of continuance will begin. If the resistance of the throttle-valve be increased, a diminished velocity will result.

Case 3. If the load increases while the throttle-valve is kept in a constant condition, so as to offer a constant resistance, the velocity of the engine will decrease. As a result the resistance in the throttle-valve will be decreased, and thus a smaller quantity of air will be drawn in through the air-valve and a larger quantity of explosive mixture will be drawn in through the admissionvalve, and the explosions will increase in violence. This will continue until the resistance offered by the throttle-valve has decreased in such a degree as to barely admit of a quantity of explosive mixture being drawn in sufficient for the increased load, a condition of continuance at a decreased velocity now beginning. The reverse action will take place when the load is decreased.

A method of controlling before used which is somewhat similar to that described and which also fulfils within narrow limits the cases above indicated is by throttling without the use of an air-valve N. Such a method has, however, the great inconvenience that the compression falls with the throttling. In consequence thereof a limit will soon be reached where the ignition becomes uncertain, andv then the control cannot be carried farther. By the arrangement according to this invention the compression will, as shown,he nearly constant, and as a result the ignition is always insured, whereby the controlling device will be more economical than that obtained by simply throttling.

Having now described my invention, what I claim as new, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is-

l. An internal-combustion engine having means for operating the exhaust-valve thereof, means for admitting an explosive mixture to the engine-cylinder, means for regulating the quantity of the explosive mixture admitted during one stroke of the piston, an autom atie suction air-valve for admitting air, when the explosive-mixture charge is reduced in quantity, simultaneously with and in front of the explosive mixture and in a quantity, together with the explosive mixture, to fill the cylinder.

2. An internal-combustion engine having an exhaust-valve, an inlet-valve for an explosive mixture, a throttle-valve for regulating the quantity of the explosive mixture admitted during one stroke of the'piston, an automatic suction air-valve for admitting air to the cylinder and a spring which holds said air-valve normally closed Iduring the suctionstroke, said spring being strong enough to resist the opening of said air-valve when the admitted explosive mixture is not throttled.

3. An internal-combustion engine having an exhaust-valve, an inlet-valve for van explosive mixture, a throttle-valve for regulatin g the quantity of the explosive mixture admitted, a suction air-valve for admitting air to the cylinder, a spring which holds said airvalve normally closed during the suctionstroke, said spring so adjusted that the airvalve only opens when the admitted explosive ICO IIO

Ill

mixture is throttled, and means for deiivermy name in the presence of two subscribing ing the admitted air in front of the explosive Witnesses. mixture, said means Comprising L pipe F eX- tending from theair-valve through the ex- GUSTAF ERIKSON' 5 plosveehztmher yto the inner end of the eyl- XVitnesses:

nder. ERNST SVANQVIST,

In Witness whereof I have hereunto signed AUG. SRENSEN.

Images