US744666A - Carbonizing apparatus. - Google Patents

Description

No. 744,666. PATENTED NOV. 17, 1903.

B.'ZWILLING'BR-.

GARBONIZING APPARATUS;

ufmculon FILED NOV. 23. 1899. RENEWED 0012 22. 1903.

N0 MODEL.

I Wdborngy.

No. 744,666. PATENTEDNOV.17,1903

B. ZWILLINGER.

CARBONIZING APPARATUS. PPPP GATION FILED NOV. 23, 1899. RENEWED 001 22 1903.

1 M; a S

vide devices arranged to receive the gases UNITED STATES Patented November 1' 7, 1903.

, PATENT, 7' OFFICE.

BERNHARD ZWILLINGER, OF NEW YORK, N. .Y., ASSIGNOR, BY MESNE ASSIGNMENTS, TO AMERICAN FUEL AND DISTILLATION COMPANY, A CORPORATION OF NEW JERSEY.

CARBONIZING APPARATUSJ SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 744,666, dated November 17, 1903.

Application filed November 23, 1899. Renewed October 22, 1903. Serial No. 178,153. (No model.)

To-aZZ whom it may concern:

' Be it known that I, BERNHARD ZWILLINGER,

a citizen of the United States, formerly a resident of Ashland, in the county of Ashland --and State of Wisconsin, and now a resident of the city of New York, borough of Manhattan, in the county and State of New York, have invented a new and Improved Carbonizing Apparatus, of which the following is a full, clear, and exact description.

My invention relates to apparatus for carbonizing material, such as wood, in a com-- paratively short time and for saving the valuable gases which are drawn off during the carbonization process, and has for a further.

object to very quickly cool the carbonized material, whereby the capacity of the plant is materially increased, since it may be re'- ous vapor is such a gas, as is also ordinary air mingled with a proper proportion of such fixed gases as are set free during and as a result of the carbonizing operation.

In the accompanying drawings I have shown an example of an apparatus embodying my invention, in which Figure l is a sideelevation of such an ap-' 'paratus, and Fig. 2 is a plan View thereof.

The apparatus comprises as its chief parts a kiln and means for forcing gas therethrough. I also provide means for heating said gas, so as to efiect carbonization in the kiln, and, further, I provide a receptacle for the byproducts of carbonization. For use in cases where the particular gas employed makes such provision desirable I add devices for depriving the gas used of part of its oxygen and for loading it with aqueous vapor. These latter devices and also the heating devices are arranged to be cut out when not needed. For cooling the carbonized material I pro- 1 hereinafter set forth my invenpassing out of the kiln, and the same devices may serve to condense after carbonization the gas through the kiln. The gas delivered by the pump may pass through a pipe C into the lower part of the vessel W, partly filled with waterW, supplied continuously through a spraying device W and kept at a constant level by a siphon W The object of this portion of the apparatus is to partly deprive the air of oxygen at the beginning of the op erationand to load it with aqueous vapor in cases where air is the gas to be forced initially into the kiln. The gas delivered by the pipe passes through a pipe W provided with a cut-off valve W5, into a coil F in a heatingch-amber F and thence through a pipe F into a vertical drum F. From this drum the gas passes through a pipe K to the perforated pipes K which discharge it through their apertures into all parts of the lower portion of the carbonizing chamber or kiln. From this chamber the gas and the volatile prodnets of the carbonizing process escape through a pipe K pass a water seal in a vessel D, and are conveyed to coils R R in a circulating ,bath of cold water, whence they pass into a closed receptacle B. This vessel and siphon carries such material as has been condensed in liquid form to another vessel B to be disposed of as maybe desired, while the more permanently gaseous products pass through a pipe B to a suitable reservoir G. By closing a valve near the lower end of the pipe B (see Fig. 1) and opening a bypass at B the fixed gases are made to pass directly to the reservoir without entering the receptacle B. If the gas supplied to the compressor does not consist exclusively or largely of atmospheric air, it need not of course be sent through the water and spray, although I consider it preferable to do so in any event, for the reason that even if the gas has the proper C after rising through the water and spray I low percentage of oxygen the charging of this gas with aqueous vapor will be of advantage in that it will act as a protection against overheating of the coil F.

Practically it is convenient to supply the pump with the gases collected in the reservoir G, and for this purpose a pipe G is shown as leading from the reservoir to the pump. 'Where the pump thus draws its supply from the reservoir, the apparatus need not be first filled with gas not a supporter of combustion, for if the pump first delivers ordinary air much volatile matter will be given off by the material in the kiln before combustion can begin, and hence the mixture of gas and vapor which the pump circulates through the apparatus becomes incapable of supporting combustion before the matter in the kiln reaches the point of ignition. The temperature in the kiln is indicated by a pyrometer T, extending into the drum F. In addition to the devices already described a valved by-pass pipe W leads from the vessel W around the heating devices at F to the drum F and a second valved by-pass pipe 0 leads from the pipe 0 around the vessel W to the pipe W at a point between its valve and the drum. By this arrangement it is possible to cut off the heating device alone or both that device and the devices for reducing the gas and charging it with vapor.

The drum F is provided with a valve F on the top of the kiln capable of being operated from without the kiln, and if this valve be opened gas is discharged into the top of the kiln as well as through the perforated pipes J on its door. If it should be desired to allow the gas to escape from the kiln without passing through the cooler, the pipe Y may be opened at Z. It is obvious that the gas pumped through the kiln for cooling it need not be the gas stored in the reservoir, but may be any suitable gas, ordinary atmospheric air being appropriate if it be sent through the device at V. It is equally clear that it the cooler be adequate a small quantity ofv gas stored in the reservoir will be quite sufficient, since the same gas makes repeated circuits, each time giving up in the cooler the heat which it has just taken from the kiln.

I eifect a considerable saving of time in my invention by pumping through the kiln cooling-gases which are not supporters of combustion, and I find that the timerequired for cooling may by this procedure be shortened practically to the same extent as the time needed for carbonizing.

I desire it to be understood that various modifications may be made without departing from the nature of my invention.

I claim as my invention and desire to secure by Letters Patent 1. In a carbonizing apparatus, the combination with a closed kiln, of a. conduit leading from the kiln, a compressor, the inlet of which is connected with said conduit, a cooler located in the path of the gas between the kiln and the compressor, a vessel connected with the outlet of the compressor and adapted to hold water to partially deoxygenize any air that may be fed by the compressor, and to charge it with aqueous vapor, a heater connected with the outlet of said vessel, and a connection from the outlet of said heater to the inlet of the kiln so that a mixture of gases and .air partially deoxygenized and charged with aqueous vapor will be forced into the kiln at the beginning of the operation.

2. In a carbonizing apparatus, the combi-,,

nation with a closed kiln, of a conduit leading from the kiln, a compressor, the inlet of which is connected with said conduit, acooler located in the path of the gas between the kiln and the compressor, a vessel connected with the outlet of the compressor and adapted to hold water to partially de'oxygenize any air that may be fed by the compressor and to charge it with aqueous vapor, a heater connected with the outlet of said vessel, and a connection from the outlet of the heater to the inlet of the kiln, so that a heated fluid partially deoxygenized and charged with aqueous vapor will be forced into the kiln at the beginning of the operation.

3. In a carbonizing apparatus, the combination with a closed kiln, of a conduit leading from the kiln, a compressor, the inlet of which is connected with said conduit, a cooler located in the path of the gas between the kiln and the compressor, a deoxygenizing apparatus located between the compressor and the kiln, and adapted to deoxygenize any air that may be fed by 'the compressor so that the gaseous fluid may pass through the said apparatus on its way from the compressor to the kiln, a heater between the deoxygenizing apparatus and the kiln and a direct connection from the compressor to the kiln and means for leading the gaseous fluid derived by the carbonization of the wood through said direct connection or through the deoxygenizing apparatus and the heater.

BERNHARD ZVVILLINGER.

Witnesses:

M. E. DILLON, LoUIsE MCCARTHY.

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