US73091A - James gr - Google Patents

Description

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' Leners Parma N0. 73,091, daad January 7, 1868..

BAS-BURNING HOT-AIB. PURNAGB.

'ro ALL wucir rr 'Miur CONCERN:

Be it known that I, JAMES GRAY, of the city of Albany, in the county of Albany, and State of New',v`

York, have invcnteda new and improlvcd Base-Burning, Parlor, Portable, and Stationary Hot-Air Furnaces; and I do hereby declare that the following is a full, clear, and exact descriptionv thereof, reference being had to the accompanying drawings making a part of this specicatiomjin which.-

Figure 1, sheet 1, is a front elevation of thevfurnacc.,

Figure 2 is a section taken from front'to' rear-,fand in a vertical plane through the centre of the furnace.

vFigure 3 is a section through the furnace, taken in th'c horizontal plane indicated by red line y y, g. 2,-

Figure 4 is a section taken .in the.horizontal plane w cv, iig. 2.

Figure, 5, sheet 2, is a section through the furnace, taken in a vertical plane indicated by the course of red line y y in iig. 4. l

Figure 6 is a section taken in the course indicated by`red line e z in iig. 2.

Figures 7,8, and 9 ar'e views of the fire-brick section which is used at the base'of the supply-cylinder.

Similarltters of reference indicate corresponding parts in the several 'gures.

This invention relates in part. to certain .novel improvements on the base-burning stove, for which Letters Patent were granted to me on the 18th dayof October, .1864, which improvements are chiefly designed for improving the operation and usefulness of such stove as a parlor-heater, and also to adapt it'for a hot-air fur. nace, for warming other` apartments than that in which it is placed.A

The object of the first4 part of my invention is to remedy a serious objection which is found toexist in base-burning furnaces or stoves, in which the coal-is fed to a fire-pot or chamber from a coal-supply cylinder or reservoir, in consequence'of the accumulation of gas in such reservoir, which commingles with air when the reservoir is opened, and forms anexplosiv'e compound. This I avoid by forming a communication between the upper part ofthe, reservoir and an'eXit-pipe, which will allow of the escape of all gas, and consequently prevent liability of explosion when the supply passage leading into the reservoir is opened forintroducing coal, and for other purposes, as will be hereinafter described. y

Another objection in base-burning stoves is the-.admission of cold air, to be warmed, through the lowermost chambers or bases' of such stoves, .whichkeeps' thelower .parts thereof comparatively cool, and affords littlev or no radiated'heat therefrom. This objection is removed by takingin the'cold air to be warmed at a 'pointor points above the top of the re-pot, so that the heat which is radiated from the latter will warm the lower part of the stove, as will be hereinafter described;

Another object of my invention is t'o obtaina more uniform distribution of heat throughout thenpper por.- tion ofthe stove, and to greatly increase the superficial area of heat-radiating surfaces; at the same time to provide for readily cleaning the passages forthe products of combustion, and keeping these passages free from ashes and dust, as will -be hereinafter described.

Another object of Amy invention is to provide a draught-passage for the ash-pit, which islregulated by a damper or valve, for preventing the escape of light ashes and dust into the room during. the shaking of the grate, and also for affording means for regulating the draught of the stove, as will be hereinafter described.

Another object of my invention is to provide the lower termination of the coalr'eservoir with aprotection of removable iron, or of fire-brick, or other refractory substance, which extends below the lower end of this reservoir, and forms aA contracted extension thereof below an annular air-heating chamber, as will be hereinafter described.

Another object of my invention is to provide, ina base-burning stove or furnace, for a -free circulation of air through passages which are made'through and across the annular smoke-chamber d, into the annular space G, formed betweenvthe reservoir and'thc inner wall D, which surrounds a space in which the coal-reservoir is arranged, and which is also extended above said reservoir, for tho purpose of augmenting the amount of heatingsurface, as will be hereinafter described.

, Another object-of my invention is tocombine with a coal-supply reservoir, and an annular hollow openwork chamber, through which the products of combustion pass, an annular. casing, in such manner that cool air,

admitted into such casing, will'b'e caused to 'circulate -through the openings which are through said chamber,

andhecome heated before passin'g out of the casing, as will be hereinafter-described.

raoul. 2 i l ,1

Another object of my invention is.to employ, in a base-burning hot-air furnace, a chute or'passage, leading through one side ofthe external casing, and into the appel-'part oi' the coal-reservoir, so that coal canfbe conveniently supplied to said reservoir through the sidc,fvinsteadlof through the top of lthe furnace, as will bo hereinafter described.

To' enable others skilleduin the art to understand my invention, I' will describe its construction Vund operation.'

In the accompanying drawings,`A represents the base-placent4 the furnace, upon which outerand inner walls a al are secured,.forming the ash-pit, A1, Aand also an outerchamber, B,in'to which the passage b conducts cool air. On top of the ash-pit section is the outwardly-'flaring' fire-pot, C, the bottom of which is a grate, C', that may be constructed in the well-known manner, with the exception thatiits shank or shakingbar can be made very short, in consequence of the largetlaring mouth ofthe ash-pit,- which' is formed bythe inclined and arched platea, shown in figs'. 1, 2,' and 5.VA The' inner and lowest edge'of the arched plate a3 extendsnearly t0 the outer edge of the grate, so that a very short shank can be conveniently used for shaking or tilting thev grate. The entrance to the ash-pit K will lne-provided with a door, applied 'to the outer casing surroundingthe furnace. At the back of the ash-pit Alie an opening, which communicates with an ascending due.,- A,gthat is provided with a damper, a3, and that leads'into the combustion-chamber above the upperedge of theme-pot, C, as shownin figs. 2 and 6. Whenthe damper a3 is opened, there will-'be an upward draught through the flue A, which will carry oil' light dust from the vash-pit during the operation of shaking the grate. lThis flue-will also .admit cool air into the combustion-chamber when the damper a3 is opened.

The upper edge of the fire-pot C has an outwardly-flaring rim, c, formed on it, to the outer edge of which an annular wall, D, is secured, which forms, in conjunction with an inner wall, D', a smoke-chamber, having' its lower end opening into the {ire-space above. thc {ire-pot C, andsurrounding the' air-chamber G, and thence' through `the vertical contracted passages ec, opening at their upper ends into a. a`hollow ring, e', thence through the horizontal pipes d' cl' d' to the exit-pipe F', shown in figs, ,2, 8, andl.

The lower end of the inner wall D' is curved or contracted, and secured to the lower end of the coul,- reservoir E, so as to form an annular space, G, between the reservoir and saidpwall D', as clearly shown yin gs. 2, 4, and 5. T he upper end of' this chamber' or 'space G communicates withv the air-space G,'whoh is formed bx the external casing H, which encloses the entire heati11g-arrangement.- i ,y '1

The open-Work section F, which caps the annular smoke-chamber d, is composed of a number of vertical contracted passages, e e, opening at their upper ends into a hollow ring, e', above the highest point of the coal'- rcservoir, as shown in the drawings.v The'smoke orproducts of combustion is conducted oil' to the main or' central exit-Hue, F', by means of the radial pipes d'. .This mode'of constructing lthe open-work'section -F a'ords Is. very large amount ofair-heating surface, and also concentrates the heat, by retarding the draught or escape of the heated products of combustion. It will be seen that the lmain flue F is arranged over the'centre-y of the coalreservoir E, and that communications are made with this flue by radial pipes, which are also arranged over the coal-reservoir, and form heatingfchambers for the surrounding air. This arrangement of the duo yF will canse the heated products of combustion rising from the tire-pot to ascend equally on all sides of the annularl chamber il, and through all o f the contracted Apassages e c, so that every part ofl the furnace will be uniformly heated. Below the open-worksection F, and: above the upper edge of the fire-pot C, circular or-v elliptical or other-shaped airpassages,ff, are made through the two walls D D', and space d, for the purpose of allowing of a circulation of anbetween Ithe space G and space G'. These passagesf allow air from th'e chamber G t0 enter the space Gbelow'the section F, and to become hea-ted hy'impingementnpon the inner wall D.

The external casing H, which encloses the entire he'ating-arrangcrnentV above described, is provided nt its upper end with one or more hot-air vescape-lines, I, from which the heated air is conducted into upper apart. hments, or wherever desired, and it is alsoprovided with door-openings, K, L, and M, leading into the ash-pit section, into the combustion-chamber or tire-pot, and also into the coal-reservoir. The latterA opening com;` municatcs with the coal-reservoir E through an inclined passage or chute, J', which is provided with a damper, 'g, by whichthe,communication can be eut olf at pleasure. r This passage J'also communicates' with. the flue F', through the hollowring e' upd horizontal-pipe ,orv pipes d', as shown inigs. 1, 2, and 5, so that when the damper g` is open, the gas from the coal-reservoir will be carried olf into the'main duc. Y The passage leading into the chute J should be provided with an outer door; so, also,.should the 'passage through cgsing H,- which lleads into the combustion-chamber be provided with a doof. or window. "The cool air may bo admitted into the casing vH through the opening b, leading into the space surroundingthc ash-pit, as shown in figs, 2and 5. This casing'may be made of metal, or it may consist ofbrick-worlr built up around Vthe heating-apparatus. v

'I protectthe lowerA ends of the coal-reservoir E, and'wallQD, where 'theseparts are united to iorm the smoke-passage d and air-space G, by means of ironv, or ot' rebrick,'soapstone, black lead, or other suitable refractory substance, which vis madeup in the form of a cylinder, in sections 71, h, which sections have shoulders, i, formed on their external surfaces, by which they are supported in place upon the annular lip Thse sec. tions 7L are made of the required shape, and 'secured together by means of two metal plates, c 7c", and vertical bolts H, as shown in figs. 7, 8, and 9. The top plate or flaring ring, k, protects the upper part of tlielining le, from injury by the descending coal in reservoir-E, and the lower shouldered ring c sustains the liningJi upon 4the lipj. When thesese'gmcnts are nado wholly of iron they can beroast inthe required shape, and fitted in their place without the use of4 the nietal plates and vertical'bolts, as described. Two or more of the segments or sections h make the cylinder complete, andV in this form they may be put in place from' thebottom of th ei reservoir, and made to forma firm and substantial fixture.- They maybe readily removed for repairing, without 1 taking the furnace asunder. 1

Having described the mode of constructing the stove or furnace, I will now brieily describe the operation of the same.

The fire is started upon the grate, through-the frontdoor leading into the combustion-chamber, after which the fuel is supplied through the coalreservoir. Before coal is put in-to this reservoir, it is necessary to draw out the damper g, and allow the gases to escape into ilue F', afterv which the door vleading into the passage or chute Jean ybe vsafely opened. It will be seen that the damper g can be lopennl or closed when .the front door' leading into thechute is closed. Y f When it is desired to shake the.g1ate, thedarnper a3 is4 opened, .so that the light dust' and ashes will be drawn up through the pipe A?, instead'ol" escaping into the room from the ash-pit'door. This damper as is also a. perfect regulator to the draught-ot` the furnace, diminishing it'while open, and increasing it while closed.

The fire-brick lining being made. in sectionsQeach'section beingl secured llirrnly between ring-segments, l

as described, is protected, itself', from inj ury, and serves to protect the lower'ends of the reservoir-cylinder and wall D from the intense heat -oi the tire.' By making ,this lining-of segnients, separately secured between "metal plates, Vthese segments caribe Aapplierlto ord-removed from vthe .bottoni of the reservoir at pleasure, without disturbing other parts of thestove or furnaczelzWhen these se'guients aremade wholly of iron, they also serve to proteet -the lower end of the"reserv'oir-cylinderfand wall D freni the intense healtof the fire. They can also be applied/to orremoved fron; the bottom of' the reservoir at pleasure, without disturbing other parts of the stoveorfurn'ace.

By my invention, I not only heatthe'air which is allowed vto'circl .ilate through the'heating-ilues or charte bers', below the top of the coal-reservoir, but I also provide' for heating air above 4'this reservoir by heatingchanibers, which are Varranged abovoiit.' And while this is the case, I also provide for causing theheated prody ilcts of combustion to rise on all sides o f the furnaccfandthen pass'horizontlly over the coal-reservoir to u.

central outlet, thereby' securing an eqnabledistrihution of heat thro-ugh the stove, above the combustion-chamber,

and outside of the coal-reservoir.

I do not claim in'a.` basebnrning furnace anyco'mhination with a'sinuated body, nor do I claim any cornhi- `nation with the annular flue-ringev and short connecting-pipes e, nor doI claim the combination of the annular flue-ring c', the short connecting-pipes e, and thefsliding damper g.

Having described my invention, what I clai Vas new,'and des-ire'to'secure by Letters Patent, is-

I. In a base-burning stove or lfnrnace, whiohvhas a supply-cylindenl claim an escape-passagefroru the l chute J through the'horizo'ntalpipe d', or thehollow ring e",'into the ilue F, substantially asv described.-`

'2. Providing tl'iev chute J, leading through one side of -the external .c asing'into .tlreylinder E, with a damper or valve,g, substantially as described..v I. V. l

3. ,The constructionfof the double wall cylinder DID', annular chamber'dd, and air-passages ff, substantiallyin the manner shown and described. i I I I' l v 4. v '.lbe' conrbination ofthe magazine E, outer casing H,with the hollowiopen-work section `F,'an d the annular lchamberd d with air-passagosf f, crossing it, of'a. base-burning air-heating furnace, substantially as d described.

l5. The combination of the magazine E,'central exit-flue F', and-ascending annuler liue 0l, leadingvfrom the re-chamber, substantially as and for the purpose described. L-

6. Conducting-the heated products of combustion, rising from the re-po't, around and over thecoalsupply cylinder, (and discharging them` into a centralV flue, directly over the centre ofthe said supply-eylinder,) in combination with warm-air chamber Grand G, such chamber being enclosed bywall H, all for the`purp0se of heating air'. which is to be used for warminghapartments, substantially -as described.

T. Making the ironfprote'ctor or the guard-plates c of the J.dre-bricks (lorjtheir equivalents) portable segments, so that they may be removed through the lower end of the magazine E, substantially as described.

'8. I claim, in the construction of a base-bnrning air-heating furnace, having a magazine, E, an annular circulating-air chamber, and an annularsmoke-passage, bothb surrounding said magazine; and situated between the same and the annular` wall I), the inclined chute or passage J', provided with a valve, g, andfgasLeseapc conduit, and adapted to serve as a rneans for introducing coal into the magazine from a point which. is' belowA the top of the outer casing, substantially as described. v

9. The flaring arched opening of the ash-pit- A, forined'hy theinclincd plato asnbstnnti'nlly as described.

10. The combination of the sectional lining hh with annular circulating space G and v jacket orwnll D. substantially in the manner described and shown. I A

11. The combination ot' the `magazine E, damper or ralveg, the horizontal'pipel or pipes d', and the hollow ringe', substantially as described.

l2. The-arrangement ot' l'l'ues d and e so that theycan be cleaned hy usingaflexible-handled brush from inside of the door leading into the coul-supply cylinder or reservoir, substnntiallylas described;

13. In a base-burning air-heating furnace,"having a magazine, E,II claim a doorway orv passage, provided with a door or window, and opening i'ntop'the combustion-chamber` through tire outer casing of the furnace, substantiallyas described.

14. In a base-burninnr air-heatinff Furnace lnrvin1r a maoazine- E Ielnim a ussaco covered h a door ory D a 9 x: a 7 2 a Y window, and leading into the combustion-chamber, through and across thenir-chainbcr formed by the exterior case or Welland the outer wall of the furnace, substantially in the manner and for the purposesv described.

JAMES GRAY..

Witnesses:

T. W. Srnvnns, HERMAN H. Russ.

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