US710605A - Dust collector or separator. - Google Patents

Description

No. 710,605. y Patented out.; |902.

w. S. USBBNE 8|. C. BRYANT.

DUST GLLECTUR 0R SEPRTUR.`

(Applict' l I N W11|m|"""' www@ . WILLIAM S. OSBQRN UNITED ,STATES n Atri ELWIN'c. BRYANT, oF s'r. Louis, Missoum.

nusT COLLECTOR on sEPAnAToR.

MSPEQIFICATION forming part f Letters Patent 0. 710,605, "7, 1902. l Appllcltlon f-ed December 17. 1900. 'Serial No. 40.178. me model.)

To all wmnt itgnwy concern:

11e itknown that'we, WILLIAM S. Osnonna and ELWIN C. BRYANT, citizens of the United States, residing at the cityof St. Louis, in the State of Missouri,have invented a certain new and usefullmprovemeut in Dust Collectors or Separatore, oi which the following isa full,

clear, and exact description, such as will enable others skilled' in the art to which it appertains to make and :isc the same, reference being had to the accompanying drawings,

forming part of this specification, in which;-

Figure 1 is a top plan view, partly in sectiou,'o our improved coiiector. Fig. 2 is a vertical sectional view through the came. Fig. 3 is aside elevational view with partei the casing removed to show the interior; and Fig. 4 is a view illustrating a system of pulveriz- `ing and grading material', in i. vhich system our improved collector is designed to he employed.

' the object being to construct a device of the.

' This invention'relates to a new and yuseful improvement in dust collectorsor separators,

character described which is cimple,cheap, and effective. Ourimproved collector is designed' primarily for use in connection vwith a system for pulverizing and grading material such as shown and described in an ap-v plication filed by us contemperaneously herevwith on December 17, 19'00, and Serial No. 40,177; but it will of course be understoodthat our improved collector can be used independently of said system.,

The invention consists in the construction, arrangement, and combination of theseveral parts, all as will hereinafter he described and afterward pointed ont in the claims.

liefore giving a detailed description ol' our improved collector we will refer to Fig. 4 and describe thesystcin shown tlierein,with which our improved collector is designed primarily tobe employed. In this system Ajudicates a machine for reducing material to a finely` divided state, the material to be reduced lie ing fed into said machine through a closed hopper containing a feeding apparatus a. This reducingnnachine may be of any desirable construction, and we have not, therefore,

shown the details of the same 'in the'drawings. B indicatesa spout leading Afrom the topvof the maehine,into which the reduced matcial from the machine iis-received. bis a valve in the spout- B. The spout B leads .into what we have designated as a grader C, thedetails of which are not-shown inthis presentapplication, they forming theaubjeoti matter o f an application (Case l) filed contemporaneously herewithon' December 17,

maand senin No. 40,176. Wewuismm,

however, that this graderpreferahly consists of an octagonal easing having a conical lower machine to return the tailings, or said spout PATENT'-- OFFIC.4

portion discharging into a spout D, which spout may connect with the feed end of the s w .e

with a valve d." The top of the grader is closed bya suitable cover. 'F indicateea discharge-spout leading fromthe head'ol' the grader and connecting with the eye of an ex` p ha\istfau G. A enitable'valiref isarrauged in the pipe F.

H indicates a pipe leading from the fau G into the head oi: our improved. i l

collector or separater I.-

Before proceedin with a detailed descrip-- tion of the collect :r or separator we will briefly describe the operation of the grader C. l a f .In using the term grader in connection vwith this construction we do so primarily to distinguish this part ofi our apparatusfrom the separator. The purpose of this :so-called grader is to initial y grade the` pulvernlent material, returning the large particles, called tailings, back to the grinding-machine to be reduced and permittingthe particlesof sufficient neuess to pass on beyond the' grader. In other words,this so-ealled grader serves as a screen in that by regulating the valves in the spout of the exhaust-fan itis possible .to cause material of varying degrees of ineneas to he passed therethrough, say,

up to a certain mesh, those paftrtieles of material exceeding in size the desired mesh be ing returned to the machine for regrinding or to a suitable receptacle as linshed product.

It will be observed that the grinding-machine,

operating in acloscd system, will thoroughly l The vacuum in epoutA reduce the material. B can be regulated by the valve b. The dust laden air entering the grader is designed to be deflected laterally and downwardly, the tortuons passage it is compelled to follow re snlting in the precipitation of heavier par- The outlet-pipe Fl being connected with the eye of an exhaust-fan will have a constant tendency to draw and exhaust all the air and its carried particles of material through the grader. Y The amount of air admitted to the grader is controlled hy the valves b and d, the available area through which said air is drawn into the fan being controlled by the valve f.

lt is well known that particles of material held in suspension in air rely upon the air resistance for their buoyancy; that if said particles of material were placed in a vacuum-chamber, wherein the air would offer no resistance to the action of gravity, said particles of material would be practically dead, so far as their floating capacity is concerned. We take advantage of this natural law in effecting the grading actiou'in the chamber C by exhausting the air from saidV chamber and creating a partial vacuum therein, so as tcltake away tromthe particles olmaterial the sustaining properties of the air, rendering them more susceptible to the action of gravity. f Being introduced inte a chamber from which the air is being constantly exh ansted and wherein there vexists a partial tuous passage at the time of introduction into said chamber, the' particles of material will immediately become more susceptible to the action of Igravity when they reach the gradisceA is' no upward circulation o f air through the pipe D. Therefore the heavier particles are not resisted in their descent, and a more nely- .divided product will thus pass through `the pipe F. If, on the other hand, the valve d is open to permit an upward circulation of air therethrough, the particles of material meeting with this resistance are held in sdspension by the air passing upwardly through the pipe D, and consequently the material passing through pipe F is of a coarser quality. The regulation of valve bis such that the opening controlled thereby is about sucient to take care of the capacity of the griuding-machine `without admitting an excess quantity of air at 'this point; but of course it willbe under` stood that the valve b being open full will affect the degree of tineness of the particles of material passing through the pipe F. HOW- ever, it is not intended to use the valve b for the purpose of, accomplishing this, said valve being designed primarily to control the exitopening from the grinding-machine, and thus goes more to accommodating the capacity of said machine than to controlling the quality of ground material passing beyond the grader. The valve f is adjustable to regulate the discharge-opening from the grader accordingiA the capacity of the fau, and while the open-' ing controlled by this valve will affect the quality of material passing therethrough said valve is not intended `to be used forthis purpose, we preferring to rely rather on the valve d, which is not only more accessible, but, de pendingl upon conditions, can be manipulated as occasion reqniresas, for instance, an excess of heavy particles falling into the pipe D would require the valve d to he opened to a greater extent, while a scarcity of material in pipe D wculd require that the valve d he closed. The accessibility of valve d and its ease of manipulation is of advantage in the event of an irregular feed of material into the grindingnnachine. It' the material to be ground is not regularly fed and there is no regulation of valve d. it follows theta variation in the quality of` the product will resnlt, which is undesirable. `We do notclaim the details of this grader in this application,

as the same forms the subjectmatter' of an application (Case B] herein'betore referred t0..

The pipe ILheng the dischargeppe from Vthe exhaust suction-fan G, leads into the head of a separator l, the detailsof construction of which are shown. in Figs. 1 to 3. Referring now to these tigures ift will be seen that j the flischargepipe enters thehead of the sepafl Vrater ou aparallel line with one of the sides y of the Octagon, and the dustladen air is forcedto paw in a downward direction by the inclined dedectingpipes ,leading from the head to the main body` of the machine, the. particles of material beiugwhirled around" and by centrifugal' force caused 4to hug the conical lower-portion of the separator until they enter theA discharge-apostel. "The polygonal or cctagoual lshape of the separator separation of the particles of material by theformation ot eddiesl in the corners thereof.

{shown in the drawings lendsitself to a ready This dischargespout is provided with avalve j for well-understood reasons. In Fig. 4 we' have shown scales upon which isarranged a bag for receiving the material ,from the discharge-spout J. The top of this separator is closed to the exterior, but receives a pipe K, which extends some distance down into the separatorchamber, 'the introduced end of` said pipe being surrounded' by the inner cas` ing or hood of the head, whose rlower end adords a point of attachment for the various inclined deilecting-ppes i. the dnst-laden airV enters the chamber of this separator and centrifugal force causes the particles of dust or moet of them to hug the As stated before, v

walls of the chamber until finally they are deposited in the discharge'spont J. A `In some classes of material where it is possible to meisten the particles of dust` in the air and to the extent thatthey absorb such moisture they become heavier and are more readily deposi ted in the dischargespout we introduce a steam-piped., havingajet at itsends, which jet throws the steam into the head of the separotor at the pointof introduction ofthe d nst.-

laden air. We may also employ a perforated steam-pipeM, near the lower en'd of the hood k and beneath the inclined deIiectina-pipes i, for the purpose of introducing steam into the separating chamber lat a point where the dust-laden air passes from the contracted diacharge -mouth of the head into the larger conical chamber.

, It will be noticed by referring to Fig. 2-

that the hood 7c, before referred to, forms the inner .wall of the space or chamber in the head of the collector, said head 'being polygunal iu its lower-portion and tapered at its top. The outer walls of the casing at the top are preferably polygonal, the head then tapei-ing so as to form a contracted space bencath the dcflecting-pipes i. These deflecting-pipce, which arearranged between the upper ende of the polygonal'portion of the.

headof the collector,` are formed by4 flanged plates riveted or otherwise secured in position, said plates being arranged at an inclination, as. shown in Fig. 3. v The perforatedpipe M, before referred to, is arranged arou ud the lowerportion of the polygonal lower end of hood It', and'to prevent material lodging ihereabove a hood or 'shield 'm is provided for overhanging said pipe. In this manner the communcationbetween'the head of the col lector and the enlarged conical chamber in its bottom portion is very contracted, and the dust-laden air is forced to take a; path adja-y cent the outer wall of the collector. 'The space between the lower end'of pipe K and' the hood' k is in communication with the enlarged chamber in the lower portion of the collector. t `'lhie space can be cut oi by arranging a perforated disk at the lower end of the pipe K andthe hood k; but we prefer to utilize said space as a dead-air space or cushion accommodating the variable pressures of the dust-laden airv introduced into the machine, whichinitially expands in the head-chamber, this expansion beingpractically complete when it is introd ucediuto the- Y enlarged conical' chamber.`

Any finely-divided particlesA of material in the separator which arenot depositedin the discharge-spout.) will pass upwardly through the pipo K, and instead of permitting said `particles to escapeto the exterior we prefer lo lead said pipe K into an auxiliary collector N. Any particles of material arrested in this auxiliary collector willbe deposited Vin the discharge-spout 0, preferablyvconnected ,to the fan G, while the purified air escapes lho nature and principle of our invention.

ent, in

scribed, the combination with a casing having an enlarged head and a conical lower portion, an inlet-pipe leading into said head, a discharge-pipe leading from the lower end of said conical portion, a hood I.: arranged in the head of the apparatus, deilector-pipes arranged around aaidv hood, and a perforated pipe M arranged beneath said dellcctor-,pipes stantially as described.

2. In an apparatus of the character detion, deiiector-pipee establishing communication between the chamber inthe head,and the enlarged chamber in the conical portion, a hood k -fordirecting the dust-laden air into pipes into the'enlarged chamber, a perforated the apparatus, and a shield or hood 'nz for said pipe; substantially as described.-

tion, a pipe K projecting into said head, a

pipe K., deilectors for imparting a circular in the head inte the enlarged conical chamleading into lsaid head arranged` to causo the` .lectors, and an outletrpipe at tho lower end 'tially as described.

ing an enlarged head and conical lowcr'portion, an inlet-pipe leading into said hoad,au outletlpipe leading from the lower. portion of per portion tapered downwardly and outroundingthe pipo l, and dollectors arranged between the wall of the casing and the lower portion of the hood, substantially as ,doscribed.

5. In 'an apparatus of tho character dcing having an enlarged head and conical lower portion, an inlet-pipe leading into said head arranged to canse the air to travel in a given lower portion of said conical portion, a pipo K projecting into said head, a polygonal hood 1. In an apparatus of'lhe character ldefor admitting a fluid into the apparatus; sub

the deflector-ppes, and from said deilector' rmotion to the air passing from the chamber s :o5 bei" communicating therewith, an inlet-pipo. Y

air to travel around the tapered portion off, the hood k andin the direction of the dc-` andl substituted for those herein sliovn and A' described withoutin the leastdcparting from 4 r 1 f llavingthua described our invention, what J i we claim, and desire to secure by Letters Pats] l scribed, the combination with a casing having an enlarged head and a conical lower por l pipe M- through which fluidis introduced into Y In an apparatus o the character described, the combination with a casing hav'- ing an enlarged headand conical lower por` t' mchood k vtapered downwardly und outwardly for a part of its length and surrounding the j no ofthe conical portion of the casing,.substanff 4'. In an apparatus of the character defk scribed, the combination'with a' casing have said conical portion, a pipo K projecting into said head, a polygonal hood k havingits up-` y 12o wardly from the top of the casing, and sur scribcd, the combination with a polygonal cas'- x30' direction, an outlct-pipe leading from thek having its upper portion tapcreddownwardly and outwardly"flvomj lthe top of the 'casing above the'nletihereto'and projecting downwardly to substantially the plane of the lo wer end of the pipe K and surrounding' the S same, and inclined delleclors supported between the wall of thecasing and the lower por tion of the hood, substantially as described.

6. In an apparatus of the character described, the combination with a casing havxo ing an enlarged head and conical lower por'- tion, an outlet in the head, a hood surrounding said outlet. having a downwardly and ontwardly inclined portion, an inlet in the head arranged to cause the ai: to .travel around said inclined portion in a circular directints and ,downwardly therefrom,and an outlet; at the lower end of the conical portion of the casing, substantially as described. A

In testimony whereof we hereunto aix our signatures, in the presence of two witnesses, 2c this 14th day of December, 1900.

' WILLIAMS. OSBORNE.

. "ELWIN C. BRYANT. llfitnesses: f

`F. RCORNWALL, A WM, II. Scorr.

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