Classifications

• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
  • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
  • C07D401/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, at least one ring being a six-membered ring with only one nitrogen atom
  • C07D401/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, at least one ring being a six-membered ring with only one nitrogen atom containing two hetero rings
  • C07D401/12—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, at least one ring being a six-membered ring with only one nitrogen atom containing two hetero rings linked by a chain containing hetero atoms as chain links
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
  • A61P3/00—Drugs for disorders of the metabolism
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
  • A61P3/00—Drugs for disorders of the metabolism
  • A61P3/04—Anorexiants; Antiobesity agents
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
  • A61P3/00—Drugs for disorders of the metabolism
  • A61P3/06—Antihyperlipidemics
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
  • A61P3/00—Drugs for disorders of the metabolism
  • A61P3/08—Drugs for disorders of the metabolism for glucose homeostasis
  • A61P3/10—Drugs for disorders of the metabolism for glucose homeostasis for hyperglycaemia, e.g. antidiabetics
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
  • A61P9/00—Drugs for disorders of the cardiovascular system
  • A61P9/12—Antihypertensives

Definitions

• the present invention relates to neuropeptide Y Y5 receptor antagonists useful in the treatment of metabolic and eating disorders, pharmaceutical compositions containing the compounds, and methods of treatment using the compounds.
• Neuropeptide Y is a 36 amino acid neuropeptide that is widely distributed in the central and peripheral nervous systems.
• NPY is a member of the pancreatic polypeptide family that also includes peptide YY and pancreatic polypeptide (Wahlestedt, C., and Reis, D., Ann. Rev. Toxicol., 32, 309, 1993).
• NPY elicits its physiological effects by activation of at least six receptor subtypes designated Y1, Y2, Y3, Y4, Y5 and Y6 (Gehlert, D., Proc. Soc. Exp. Biol. Med., 218, 7, 1998; Michel, M. et al., Pharmacol. Rev., 50, 143, 1998).
• NPY Y5 receptor subtype Central administration of NPY to animals causes dramatically increased food intake and decreased energy expenditure (Stanley, B. and Leibowitz, S., Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 82: 3940, 1985; Billington et al., Am J. Physiol., 260, R321, 1991). These effects are believed to be mediated at least in part by activation of the NPY Y5 receptor subtype. The isolation and characterization of the NPY Y5 receptor subtype has been reported (Gerald, C. et al., Nature, 1996, 382, 168; Gerald, C. et al. WO 96/16542).
• PCT patent application WO 00/27845 describes a class of compounds, characterized therein as spiro-indolines, said to be selective neuropeptide Y Y5 receptor antagonists and useful for the treatment of obesity and the complications associated therewith.
• Urea derivatives indicated as possessing therapeutic activity are described in U.S. Pat. Nos. 4,623,662 (antiatherosclerotic agents) and 4,405,644 (treatment of lipometabolism).
• this invention provides novel compounds having NPY Y5 receptor antagonist activity. These compounds are represented by structural formula I:
• n is a number from 1 to 3;
• n is a number from 1 to 3;
• n and n maybe the same or different;
• R 1 is 0 to 5 substituents which can be the same or different, each being independently, —OH, halogen, alkyl, haloalkyl, cycloalkyl, —CN, alkoxy, cycloalkoxy, alkylthio-, cycloalkylthio-, —NR 5 R 6 , —NO 2 , —C(O)NR 5 R 6 , —NR 5 C(O)R 6 , —NR 5 C(O)NR 5 R 6 where the two R 5 moieties can be the same or different, —NC(O)OR 7 , —C(O)OR 5 , —SOR 5 , —SO 2 R 5 , —SO 2 NR 5 R 6 , aryl or heteroaryl;
• R 2 is 0 to 2 subsitutuents which can be the same or different, each being independently, —OH, halogen, alkyl, haloalkyl, cycloalkyl, —CN, alkoxy, cycloalkoxy, alkylthio-, cycloalkylthio-, —NR 5 R 6 , —NO 2 , —C(O)NR 5 R 6 , —NR 5 C(O)R 6 , —NR 5 C where the two R 5 moieties can be the same or different, —NC(O)OR 7 , —C(O)OR 5 , —SOR 5 , —SO 2 R 5 , —SO 2 NR 5 R 6 , aryl or heteroaryl;
• R 3 is hydrogen or alkyl
• R 4 is 0 to 6 substituents which can be the same or different, each being independently alkyl, alkoxy, heteroaryl, aralkyl-, heteroaralkyl-, haloalkyl or —OH;
• R 5 and R 6 can be the same or different each being independently hydrogen, alkyl, aryl, heteroaryl, aralkyl, heteroaralkyl, haloalkyl or cycloalkyl;
• R 7 is alkyl or cycloalkyl
• Z is NR 8 or CR 3 R 9 ;
• R 8 is hydrogen, alkyl, cycloalkyl, alkyl substituted with a cycloalkyl group, aryl, heteroaryl, aralkyl-, heteroaralkyl-, —SO 2 R 10 , —SO 2 NR 5 R 11 , —C(O)R 11 , —C(O)NR 5 R —C(O)OR 10 ;
• R 9 is hydrogen, alkyl, —OH, alkoxy, —NR 5 R 11 , aryl, or heteroaryl; or R 3 and R 9 can be joined together and with the carbon to which they are attached form a 3 to 7-membered ring;
• R 10 is alkyl, cycloalkyl, aryl or heteroaryl
• R 11 is hydrogen, alkyl, cycloalkyl, aryl or heteroaryl.
• This invention is also directed to pharmaceutical compositions for the treatment of metabolic disorders such as obesity, and eating disorders such as hyperphagia.
• this invention is also directed to pharmaceutical compositions for the treatment of obesity which comprise an obesity treating amount of a compound of formula I, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or solvate of said compound, and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier.
• the present invention relates to compounds represented by structural formula I, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or solvate thereof, wherein the various moieties are as described above.
• the compounds of formula I can be administered as racemic mixtures or enantiomerically pure compounds.
• a preferred group of compounds are compounds of formula I wherein R 1 is a halogen.
• a further preferred group of compounds of formula I are those in which R 1 is 2 substituents, each of which is fluorine.
• Another group of preferred compounds are compounds of formula I wherein R 2 is 2 substituents.
• Another preferred group of compounds are compounds in which R 2 is zero.
• Another preferred group of compounds are compounds of formula I wherein R 3 is alkyl.
• Another preferred group of compounds are compounds in which R 3 is methyl.
• Another preferred group of compounds are compounds of formula I wherein m is 2 and n is 2, R 4 is hydrogen and Z is NR 8 .
• R 8 is —SO 2 CH 3 , —C(O)OC(CH 3 ) 3 , hydrogen, —C(O)CH 3 , —C(O)CH 2 CH 3 , —C(O)cyclopropyl, —C(O)CH(CH 3 ) 2 , —SO 2 CH 2 CH 3 or —SO 2 CH(CH3) 2 .
• R 1 is 2 substituents which are halogens that can be the same or different;
• R 3 is alkyl
• R 8 is —SO 2 R 10 or —C(O)R 11 .
• Compounds of formula I can be useful as highly selective, high affinity NPY Y5 receptor antagonists useful for the treatment of obesity.
• alkyl refers to “alkyl” as well as to the “alkyl” portions of “alkoxy”, “alkylamino” etc.
• Patient includes both human and animals.
• “Mammal” means humans and other mammalian animals.
• Alkyl means an aliphatic hydrocarbon group, which may be straight or branched and comprising about 1 to about 20 carbon atoms in the chain. Preferred alkyl groups contain about 1 to about 12 carbon atoms in the chain. More preferred alkyl groups contain about 1 to about 6 carbon atoms in the chain. Branched means that one or more lower alkyl groups such as methyl, ethyl or propyl, are attached to a linear alkyl chain. “Lower alkyl” means an alkyl group having about 1 to about 6 carbon atoms in the chain, which may be straight or branched.
• substituted alkyl means that the alkyl group may be substituted by one or more substituents which may be the same or different, each substituent being independently selected from the group consisting of halo, alkyl, aryl, -cycloalkyl, cyano, hydroxy, alkoxy, alkylthio, amino, —NH(alkyl), —NH(cycloalkyl), —N(alkyl) 2 , carboxy and —C(O)O-alkyl.
• suitable alkyl groups include methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, isopropyl, n-butyl, and t-butyl.
• Alkenyl means an aliphatic hydrocarbon group comprising at least one carbon-carbon double bond and which may be straight or branched and comprising about 2 to about 15 carbon atoms in the chain. Preferred alkenyl groups have about 2 to about 12 carbon atoms in the chain; and more preferably about 2 to about 6 carbon atoms in the chain. Branched means that one or more lower alkyl groups such as methyl, ethyl or propyl, are attached to a linear alkenyl chain. “Lower alkenyl” means an alkenyl group having about 2 to about 6 carbon atoms in the chain, which may be straight or branched.
• substituted alkenyl means that the alkenyl group may be substituted by one or more substituents which may be the same or different, each substituent being independently selected from the group consisting of halo, alkyl, aryl, -cycloalkyl, cyano, and alkoxy.
• substituents include ethenyl, propenyl, n-butenyl, and 3-methylbut-2-enyl.
• Alkynyl means an aliphatic hydrocarbon group comprising at least one carbon-carbon triple bond and which may be straight or branched and comprising about 2 to about 15 carbon atoms in the chain. Preferred alkynyl groups have about 2 to about 12 carbon atoms in the chain; and more preferably about 2 to about 4 carbon atoms in the chain. Branched means that one or more lower alkyl groups such as methyl, ethyl or propyl, are attached to a linear alkynyl chain. “Lower alkynyl” means an alkynyl group having about 2 to about 6 carbon atoms in the chain, which may be straight or branched.
• Non-limiting examples of suitable alkynyl groups include ethynyl, propynyl and 2-butynyl.
• substituted alkynyl means that the alkynyl group may be substituted by one or more substituents which may be the same or different, each substituent being independently selected from the group consisting of alkyl, aryl and -cycloalkyl.
• Aryl means an aromatic monocyclic or multicyclic ring system comprising about 6 to about 14 carbon atoms, preferably about 6 to about 10 carbon atoms.
• the aryl group can be unsubstituted or substituted on the ring with one or more substituents which may be the same or different, each being independently selected from the group consisting of alkyl, aryl, OCF 3 , OCOalkyl, OCOaryl, CF 3 , heteroaryl, aralkyl, alkylaryl, heteroaralkyl, alkylheteroaryl, hydroxy, hydroxyalkyl, alkoxy, aryloxy, aralkoxy, acyl, aroyl, halo, haloalkyl, haloalkoxy, nitro, cyano, carboxy, alkoxycarbonyl, aryloxycarbonyl, aralkoxycarbonyl, alkylsulfonyl, arylsulfonyl, heteroaryls
• Non-limiting examples of suitable aryl groups include phenyl and naphthyl.
• the “aryl” group can also be substituted by linking two adjacent carbons on its aromatic ring via a combination of one or more carbon atoms and one or more oxygen atoms such as, for example, methylenedioxy, ethylenedioxy, and the like.
• Heteroaryl means an aromatic monocyclic or multicyclic ring system comprising about 5 to about 14 ring atoms, preferably about 5 to about 10 ring atoms, in which one or more of the ring atoms is an element other than carbon, for example nitrogen, oxygen or sulfur, alone or in combination.
• Preferred heteroaryls contain about 5 to about 6 ring atoms.
• heteroaryl can be optionally substituted on the ring by replacing an available hydrogen on the ring by one or more substituents which may be the same or different, each being independently selected from the group consisting of alkyl, aryl, heteroaryl, aralkyl, alkylaryl, aralkenyl, heteroaralkyl, alkylheteroaryl, heteroaralkenyl, hydroxy, hydroxyalkyl, alkoxy, aryloxy, aralkoxy, acyl, aroyl, halo, nitro, cyano, carboxy, alkoxycarbonyl, aryloxycarbonyl, aralkoxycarbonyl, alkylsulfonyl, arylsulfonyl, heteroarylsulfonyl, alkylsulfinyl, arylsulfinyl, heteroarylsulfinyl, alkylthio, arylthio, heteroarylthio, a
• the prefix aza, oxa or thia before the heteroaryl root name means that at least a nitrogen, oxygen or sulfur atom respectively, is present as a ring atom.
• a nitrogen atom of a heteroaryl can be optionally oxidized to the corresponding N-oxide.
• suitable heteroaryls include pyridyl, pyrazinyl, furanyl, thienyl, pyrimidinyl, isoxazolyl, isothiazolyl, oxazolyl, thiazolyl, pyrrolyl, triazolyl, and the like.
• Alkyl means an aryl-alkyl-group in which the aryl and alkyl are as previously described. Preferred aralkyls comprise a lower alkyl group. Non-limiting examples of suitable aralkyl groups include benzyl, 2-phenethyl and a naphthlenylmethyl. The bond to the parent moiety is through the alkyl.
• Alkylaryl means an alkyl-aryl-group in which the alkyl and aryl are as previously described. Preferred alkylaryls comprise a lower alkyl group. Non-limiting example of a suitable alkylaryl groups is tolyl. The bond to the parent moiety is through the aryl.
• Cycloalkyl means a non-aromatic mono- or multicyclic ring system comprising about 3 to about 10 carbon atoms, preferably about 5 to about 10 carbon atoms. Preferred cycloalkyl rings contain about 5 to about 7 ring atoms.
• the cycloalkyl can be optionally substituted on the ring by replacing an available hydrogen on the ring by one or more substituents which may be the same or different, each being independently selected from the group consisting of alkyl, aryl, heteroaryl, aralkyl, alkylaryl, aralkenyl, heteroaralkyl, alkylheteroaryl, heteroaralkenyl, hydroxy, hydroxyalkyl, alkoxy, aryloxy, aralkoxy, acyl, aroyl, halo, nitro, cyano, carboxy, alkoxycarbonyl, aryloxycarbonyl, aralkoxycarbonyl, alkylsulfonyl, arylsulfonyl, heteroarylsulfonyl, alkylsulfinyl, arylsulfinyl, heteroarylsulfinyl, alkylthio, arylthio, heteroarylthio, a
• Non-limiting examples of suitable monocyclic cycloalkyls include cyclopropyl, cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl, cycloheptyl and the like.
• Non-limiting examples of suitable multicyclic cycloalkyls include 1-decalinyl, norbornyl, adamantyl and the like.
• Halo means fluoro, chloro, bromo or iodo groups. Preferred are fluoro, chloro or bromo, and more preferred are fluoro and chloro.
• Halogen means fluorine, chlorine, bromine or iodine. Preferred are fluorine, chlorine or bromine, and more preferred are fluorine and chlorine.
• Haloalkyl means an alkyl as defined above wherein one or more hydrogen atoms on the alkyl is replaced by a halo group defined above.
• “Cycloalkenyl” means a non-aromatic mono or multicyclic ring system comprising about 3 to about 10 carbon atoms, preferably about 5 to about 10 carbon atoms which contains at least one carbon-carbon double bond. Preferred cycloalkenyl rings contain about 5 to about 7 ring atoms.
• the cycloalkenyl can be optionally substituted on the ring by replacing an available hydrogen on the ring by one or more substituents which may be the same or different, each being independently selected from the group consisting of alkyl, aryl, heteroaryl, aralkyl, alkylaryl, aralkenyl, heteroaralkyl, alkylheteroaryl, heteroaralkenyl, hydroxy, hydroxyalkyl, alkoxy, aryloxy, aralkoxy, acyl, aroyl, halo, nitro, cyano, carboxy, alkoxycarbonyl, aryloxycarbonyl, aralkoxycarbonyl, alkylsulfonyl, arylsulfonyl, heteroarylsulfonyl, alkylsulfinyl, arylsulfinyl, heteroarylsulfinyl, alkylthio, arylthio, heteroarylthio,
• Non-limiting examples of suitable monocyclic cycloalkenyls include cyclopentenyl, cyclohexenyl, cycloheptenyl, and the like.
• Non-limiting example of a suitable multicyclic cycloalkenyl is norbornylenyl.
• Heterocyclyl means a non-aromatic saturated monocyclic or multicyclic ring system comprising about 3 to about 10 ring atoms, preferably about 5 to about 10 ring atoms, in which one or more of the atoms in the ring system is an element other than carbon, for example nitrogen, oxygen or sulfur, alone or in combination. There are no adjacent oxygen and/or sulfur atoms present in the ring system.
• Preferred heterocyclyls contain about 5 to about 6 ring atoms.
• the prefix aza, oxa or thia before the heterocyclyl root name means that at least a nitrogen, oxygen or sulfur atom respectively is present as a ring atom.
• the heterocyclyl can be optionally substituted on the ring by replacing an available hydrogen on the ring by one or more substituents which may be the same or different, each being independently selected from the group consisting of alkyl, aryl, heteroaryl, aralkyl, alkylaryl, aralkenyl, heteroaralkyl, alkylheteroaryl, heteroaralkenyl, hydroxy, hydroxyalkyl, alkoxy, aryloxy, aralkoxy, acyl, aroyl, halo, nitro, cyano, carboxy, alkoxycarbonyl, aryloxycarbonyl, aralkoxycarbonyl, alkylsulfonyl, arylsulfonyl, heteroarylsulfonyl, alkylsulfinyl, arylsulfinyl, heteroarylsulfinyl, alkylthio, arylthio, heteroarylthio, aralky
• the nitrogen or sulfur atom of the heterocyclyl can be optionally oxidized to the corresponding N-oxide, S-oxide or S,S-dioxide.
• suitable monocyclic heterocyclyl rings include piperidyl, pyrrolidinyl, piperazinyl, pyranyl, tetrahydrothiophenyl, morpholinyl and the like.
• Alkenyl means an aryl-alkenyl-group in which the aryl and alkenyl are as previously described. Preferred aralkenyls contain a lower alkenyl group. Non-limiting examples of suitable aralkenyl groups include 2-phenethenyl and 2-naphthylethenyl. The bond to the parent moiety is through the alkenyl.
• Heteroaralkyl means a heteroaryl-alkyl-group in which the heteroaryl and alkyl are as previously described. Preferred heteroaralkyls contain a lower alkyl group. Non-limiting examples of suitable aralkyl groups include pyridylmethyl, 2-(furan-3-yl)ethyl and quinolin-3-ylmethyl. The bond to the parent moiety is through the alkyl.
• Heteroaralkenyl means an heteroaryl-alkenyl-group in which the heteroaryl and alkenyl are as previously described. Preferred heteroaralkenyls contain a lower alkenyl group. Non-limiting examples of suitable heteroaralkenyl groups include 2-(pyrid-3-yl)ethenyl and 2-(quinolin-3-yl)ethenyl. The bond to the parent moiety is through the alkenyl.
• “Hydroxyalkyl” means a HO-alkyl-group in which alkyl is as previously defined. Preferred hydroxyalkyls contain lower alkyl. Non-limiting examples of suitable hydroxyalkyl groups include hydroxymethyl and 2-hydroxyethyl.
• acyl means an H—C(O)—, alkyl-C(O)—, alkenyl-C(O)—, Alkynyl-C(O)—, cycloalkyl-C(O)—, cycloalkenyl-C(O)—, or cycloalkynyl-C(O)— group in which the various groups are as previously described.
• the bond to the parent moiety is through the carbonyl.
• Preferred acyls contain a lower alkyl.
• suitable acyl groups include formyl, acetyl, propanoyl, 2-methylpropanoyl, and cyclohexanoyl.
• “Aroyl” means an aryl-C(O)— group in which the aryl group is as previously described. The bond to the parent moiety is through the carbonyl.
• suitable groups include benzoyl and 1- and 2-naphthoyl.
• Alkoxy means an alkyl-O— group in which the alkyl group is as previously described.
• suitable alkoxy groups include methoxy, ethoxy, n-propoxy and isopropoxy.
• the alkyl group is linked to an adjacent moiety through the ether oxygen.
• Aryloxy means an aryl-O— group in which the aryl group is as previously described.
• suitable aryloxy groups include phenoxy and naphthoxy.
• the bond to the parent moiety is through the ether oxygen.
• Alkylthio means an alkyl-S— group in which the alkyl group is as previously described.
• suitable alkylthio groups include methylthio, ethylthio, i-propylthio and heptylthio.
• the bond to the parent moiety is through the sulfur.
• Arylthio means an aryl-S— group in which the aryl group is as previously described.
• suitable arylthio groups include phenylthio and naphthylthio. The bond to the parent moiety is through the sulfur.
• Alkylthio means an aralkyl-S— group in which the aralkyl group is as previously described.
• Non-limiting example of a suitable aralkylthio group is benzylthio.
• the bond to the parent moiety is through the sulfur.
• Alkoxycarbonyl means an alkoxy group defined earlier linked to an adjacent moiety through a carbonyl.
• alkoxycarbonyl groups include —C(O)—CH 3 , —C(O)—CH 2 CH 3 and the like.
• Aryloxycarbonyl means an aryl-O—C(O)— group.
• suitable aryloxycarbonyl groups include phenoxycarbonyl and naphthoxycarbonyl. The bond to the parent moiety is through the carbonyl.
• Alkoxycarbonyl means an aralkyl-O—C(O)— group.
• a suitable aralkoxycarbonyl group is benzyloxycarbonyl.
• the bond to the parent moiety is through the carbonyl.
• Alkylsulfonyl means an alkyl-S(O 2 )— group. Preferred groups are those in which the alkyl group is lower alkyl. The bond to the parent moiety is through the sulfonyl.
• Alkylsulfinyl means an alkyl-S(O)— group. Preferred groups are those in which the alkyl group is lower alkyl. The bond to the parent moiety is through the sulfinyl.
• Arylsulfonyl means an aryl-S(O 2 )— group. The bond to the parent moiety is through the sulfonyl.
• Arylsulfinyl means an aryl-S(O)— group. The bond to the parent moiety is through the sulfinyl.
• composition is intended to encompass a product comprising the specified ingredients in the specified amounts, as well as any product which results, directly or indirectly, from combination of the specified ingredients in the specified amounts.
• Solvates of the compounds of the invention are also contemplated herein.
• “Solvate” means a physical association of a compound of this invention with one or more solvent molecules. This physical association involves varying degrees of ionic and covalent bonding, including hydrogen bonding. In certain instances the solvate will be capable of isolation, for example when one or more solvent molecules are incorporated in the crystal lattice of the crystalline solid.
• “Solvate” encompasses both solution-phase and isolatable solvates.
• suitable solvates include ethanolates, methanolates, and the like.
• “Hydrate” is a solvate wherein the solvent molecule is H 2 O.
• Effective amount or “therapeutically effective amount” is meant to describe an amount of compound of the present invention effective to treat a mammal (e.g., human) having a disease or condition mediated by Y Y5, and thus producing the desired therapeutic effect.
• the compound of formula I forms salts which are also within the scope of this invention.
• Reference to a compound of formula I, herein is understood to include reference to salts thereof, unless otherwise indicated.
• the term “salt(s)”, as employed herein, denotes acidic salts formed with inorganic and/or organic acids, as well as basic salts formed with inorganic and/or organic bases.
• zwitterions inner salts may be formed and are included within the term “salt(s)” as used herein.
• Salts of the compound of the formula I may be formed, for example, by reacting a compound of formula I with an amount of acid or base, such as an equivalent amount, in a medium such as one in which the salt precipitates or in an aqueous medium followed by lyophilization.
• Exemplary acid addition salts include acetates, adipates, alginates, ascorbates, aspartates, benzoates, benzenesulforates, bisulfates, borated, butyrates, citrates, camphorates, camphorsulfonates, cyclopentanepropionates, digluconates, dodecylsulfates, ethanesulfonates, fumarates, glucoheptanoates, glycerophosphates, hemisulfates, heptanoates, hexanoates, hydrochlorides, hydrobromides, hydroiodides, 2-hydroxyethanesulfonates, lactates, maleates, methanesulfonates, 2-naphthalenesulfonates, nicotinates, nitrates, oxalates, pectinates, persulfates, 3-phenylpropionates, phosphates, picrate
• Exemplary basic salts include ammonium salts, alkali metal salts such as sodium, lithium, and potassium salts, alkaline earth metal salts such as calcium and magnesium salts, salts with organic bases (for example, organic amines) such as benzathines, dicyclohexylamines, hydrabamines (formed with N,N-bis(dehydroabietyl)ethylenediamine), N-methyl-D-glucamines, N-methyl-D-glucamides, t-butyl amines, and salts with amino acids such as arginine, lysine and the like.
• Basic nitrogen-containing groups may be quarternized with agents such as lower alkyl halides (e.g.
• All stereoisomers (for example, geometric isomers, optical isomers and the like) of the present compounds including those of the salts and solvates of the compounds), such as those which may exist due to asymmetric carbons on various substituents, including enantiomeric forms (which may exist even in the absence of asymmetric carbons), rotameric forms, atropisomers, and diastereomeric forms, are contemplated within the scope of this invention.
• Individual stereoisomers of the compounds of the invention may, for example, be substantially free of other isomers, or may be admixed, for example, as racemates or with all other, or other selected, stereoisomers.
• the chiral centers of the present invention can have the S or R configuration as defined by the IUPAC 1974 Recommendations.
• the use of the terms “salt”, “solvate” and the like, is intended to equally apply to the salt and solvate of enantiomers, stereoisomers, rotamers, tautomers or racemates of the inventive compounds.
• Compounds of formula I which can be useful as highly selective, high affinity NPY Y5 receptors antagonists, may be used in combination with other compounds including other “different” compounds that are also useful as NPY Y5 receptor antagonists.
• other compounds including other “different” compounds that are also useful as NPY Y5 receptor antagonists.
• the term “different” it is intended that these other compounds are chemically different from the compounds of formula I.
• variable e.g., aryl, heterocycle, R 2 , etc.
• its definition on each occurrence is independent of its definition at every other occurrence. Also, combinations of substituents and/or variables are permissible only if such combinations result in stable compounds.
• Another aspect of this invention is a method of treating a mammal (e.g., human) having a disease or condition mediated by NPY Y5 receptor antagonist by administering a therapeutically effective amount of at least one compound of formula I, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or solvate of said compound to the mammal.
• a mammal e.g., human
• NPY Y5 receptor antagonist e.g., NPY Y5 receptor antagonist
• a useful dosage is about 0.001 to 100 mg/kg of body weight/day of the compound of formula I.
• a preferred dosage is about 0.01 to 25 mg/kg of body weight/day of a compound of formula I, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or solvate of said compound.
• Another aspect of this invention is directed to a method of treating obesity comprising administering to a mammal in need of such treatment a therapeutically effective amount of at least one compound of formula I, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or solvate of said compound.
• Another aspect of this invention is directed to a method for treating eating and metabolic disorders such as bulimia and anorexia comprising administering to a mammal a therapeutically effective amount of at least one compound of formula I, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or solvate of said compound.
• Another aspect of this invention is directed to a method for treating hyperlipidemia comprising administering to a mammal a therapeutically effective amount of at least one compound of formula I, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or solvate of said compound.
• Another aspect of this invention is directed to a method for treating cellulite and fat accumulation comprising administering to a mammal a therapeutically effective amount of at least one compound of formula I, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or solvate of said compound.
• Another aspect of this invention is directed to a method for treating type II diabetes comprising administering to a mammal a therapeutically effective amount of at least one compound of formula I, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or solvate of said compound.
• compositions which comprise at least one compound of formula I, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or solvate of said compound and at least one pharmaceutically acceptable carrier.
• compositions for the treatment of obesity which comprise an obesity treating amount of at least one compound of formula I, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or solvate of said compound and at least one pharmaceutically acceptable carrier.
• Combinatorial libraries of compounds of formula I can also be prepared using solid phase chemistry as shown in the schemes above.
• the compounds of formula I can exhibit NPY Y5 receptor antagonizing activity, which has been correlated with pharmaceutical activity for treating eating disorders, such as obesity and hyperphagia, and diabetes.
• the compounds of formula I display pharmacological activity in a test procedure designed to demonstrate NPY Y5 receptor antagonist activity.
• the compounds are non-toxic at pharmaceutically therapeutic doses.
• HEK-293 cells expressing the Y5 receptor subtype were maintained in Dulbecco's modified Eagles' media (Gico-BRL) supplemented with 10% FCS (ICN), 1% penicillin-streptomycin and 200 ⁇ g/ml Geneticin®(GibcoBRL #11811-031) under a humidified 5% CO 2 atmosphere. Two days prior to assay, cells were released from T-175 tissue culture flasks using cell dissociation solution (1 ⁇ ; non-enzymatic [Sigma #C-5914]) and seeded into 96-well, flat-bottom tissue culture plates at a density of 15,000 to 20,000 cells per well.
• HBSS Hank's balanced salt solution
• assay buffer HBSS supplemented with 4 mM MgCl 2 , 10 mM HEPES, 0.2% BSA [HH]
• IBMX 3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine
• the amount of cAMP in each well was quantified using the [ 125 I]-cAMP FlashPlate® kit (NEN #SMP-001) and according to the protocol provided by the manufacturer. Data were expressed as either pmol cAMP/ml or as percent of control. All data points were determined in triplicate and EC 50 's (nM) were calculated using a nonlinear (sigmoidal) regression equation (GraphPad PrismTM).
• [A] is the EC 50 of the agonist (NPY) in the absence of antagonist
• [A′] is the EC 50 of the agonist (NPY) in the presence of antagonist
• [B] is the concentration of the antagonist.
• Human NPY Y5 receptors were expressed in CHO cells. Binding assays were performed in 50 mM HEPES, pH 7.2, 2.5 mM CaCl 2 , 1 mM MgCl 2 and 0.1% BSA containing 5–10 ⁇ g of membrane protein and 0.1 nM 125 L-peptide YY in a total volume of 200 ⁇ l. Non-specific binding was determined in the presence of 1 ⁇ M NPY. The reaction mixtures were incubated for 90 minutes at room temperature then filtered through Millipore MAFC glass fiber filter plates which had been pre-soaked in 0.5% polyethleneimine. The filters were washed with phosphate-buffered saline, and radioactivity was measured in a Packard TopCount scintillation counter.
• a range of neuropeptide Y5 receptor binding activity from about 0.2 nM to about 500 nM was observed.
• Compounds of this invention preferably have a binding activity in the range of about 0.2 nM to 250 nM, more preferably about 0.2 to 100 nM, and most preferably about 0.2 to 10 nM.
• Yet another aspect of this invention are combinations of a compound of Formula I or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or solvate of said compound and other compounds as described below.
• One such aspect of this invention is a method for treating obesity comprising administering to a mammal (e.g., a female or male human)
• a mammal e.g., a female or male human
• an amount of at least one second compound said second compound being at lease one anti-obesity and/or anorectic agent such as a ⁇ 3 agonist, thyromimetic agent, anoretic agent, or NPY antagonist different from the first compound wherein the amounts of the first and second compounds result in a therapeutic effect.
• an anti-obesity and/or anorectic agent such as a ⁇ 3 agonist, thyromimetic agent, anoretic agent, or NPY antagonist different from the first compound wherein the amounts of the first and second compounds result in a therapeutic effect.
• Yet another aspect of this invention are combinations of a compound of formula I, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or solvate of said compound and other compounds as described below.
• This invention is also directed to a pharmaceutical combination composition
• a pharmaceutical combination composition comprising: a therapeutically effective amount of a composition comprising
• At least one first compound said first compound being a compound of formula I, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or solvate of said compound
• the second compound being at least one antiobesity and/or anorectic agent such as a ⁇ 3 agonist, thyromimetic agent, anoretic, or an NPY antagonist different from the first compound; and/or optionally a pharmaceutical carrier, vehicle or diluent.
• Another aspect of this invention is a kit comprising:
• an antiobesity and/or anorectic agent such as a ⁇ 3 agonist, thyromimetic agent, anoretic agent, or NPY antagonist different from the compound of formula I and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier, vehicle or diluent in a second unit dosage form;
• c. means for containing said first and second dosage forms wherein the amounts of the first and second compounds result in a therapeutic effect.
• Preferred antiobesity and/or anorectic agents taken singly or in any combination thereof in the above combination methods, combination compositions and combination kits are:
• CCK-A cholecystokinin-A
• a monoamine reuptake inhibitor such as sibutramine
• a sympathomimetic agent such as sibutramine
• a serotonergic agent such as dexfenfluramine or fenfluramine
• a dopamine agonist such as bromocriptine
• a melanocyte-stimulating hormone receptor agonist or mimetic a melanocyte-stimulating hormone analog
• a cannabinoid receptor antagonist a melanin concentrating hormone antagonist
• the OB protein hereinafter referred to as “leptin”
• leptin analog a leptin receptor agonist
• a galanin antagonist or a GI lipase inhibitor or decreaser
• GI lipase inhibitor or decreaser such as orlistat
• anorectic agents include bombesin agonists, dehydroepiandrosterone or analogs thereof, glucocorticoid receptor agonists and antagonists, orexin receptor antagonists, urocortin binding protein antagonists, agonists of the glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor such as Exendin and ciliary neurotrophic factors such as Axokine.
• Another aspect of this invention is a method treating diabetes comprising administering to a mammal (e.g., a female or male human)
• a mammal e.g., a female or male human
• a second compound said second compound being an aldose reductase inhibitor, a glycogen phosphorylase inhibitor, a sorbitol dehydrogenase inhibitor, a protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B inhibitor, a dipeptidyl protease inhibitor, insulin (including orally bioavailable insulin preparations), an insulin mimetic, metformin, acarbose, a PPAR-gamma ligand such as troglitazone, rosaglitazone, pioglitazone or GW-1929, a sulfonylurea, glipazide, glyburide, or chlorpropamide wherein the amounts of the first and second compounds result in a therapeutic effect.
• a second compound being an aldose reductase inhibitor, a glycogen phosphorylase inhibitor, a sorbitol dehydrogenase inhibitor, a protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B inhibitor, a dipeptidyl protease
• This invention is also directed to a pharmaceutical combination composition
• a pharmaceutical combination composition comprising: a therapeutically effective amount of a composition comprising
• first compound being a compound of formula I, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or solvate of said compound
• a second compound said second compound being an aldose reductase inhibitor, a glycogen phosphorylase inhibitor, a sorbitol dehydrogenase inhibitor, a protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B inhibitor, a dipeptidyl protease inhibitor, insulin (including orally bioavailable insulin preparations), an insulin mimetic, metformin, acarbose, a PPAR-gamma ligand such as troglitazone, rosaglitazone, pioglitazone, or GW-1929, a sulfonylurea, glipazide, glyburide, or chlorpropamide; and optionally a pharmaceutical carrier, vehicle or diluent.
• Another aspect of this invention is a kit comprising:
• c. means for containing said first and second dosage forms wherein the amounts of the first and second compounds result in a therapeutic effect.
• inert, pharmaceutically acceptable carriers can be either solid or liquid.
• Solid form preparations include powders, tablets, dispersible granules, capsules, cachets and suppositories.
• the powders and tablets may be comprised of from about 5 to about 95 percent compound of formula i.
• Suitable solid carriers are known in the art, e.g., magnesium carbonate, magnesium stearate, talc, sugar or lactose. Tablets, powders, cachets and capsules can be used as solid dosage forms suitable for oral administration. Examples of pharmaceutically acceptable carriers and methods of manufacture for various compositions may be found in A. Gennaro (ed.), Remington's Pharmaceutical Sciences, 18 th Edition, (1990), Mack Publishing Co., Easton, Pa.
• Liquid form preparations include solutions, suspensions and emulsions. As an example may be mentioned water or water-propylene glycol solutions for parenteral injection or addition of sweeteners and opacifiers for oral solutions, suspensions and emulsions. Liquid form preparations may also include solutions for intranasal administration.
• Aerosol preparations suitable for inhalation may include solutions and solids in powder form, which may be in combination with a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier, such as an inert compressed gas, e.g. nitrogen.
• a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier such as an inert compressed gas, e.g. nitrogen.
• solid form preparations that are intended to be converted, shortly before use, to liquid form preparations for either oral or parenteral administration.
• liquid forms include solutions, suspensions and emulsions.
• the compounds of the invention may also be deliverable transdermally.
• the transdermal compositions can take the form of creams, lotions, aerosols and/or emulsions and can be included in a transdermal patch of the matrix or reservoir type as are conventional in the art for this purpose.
• the compounds of this invention may also be delivered subcutaneously.
• the compound is administered orally.
• the pharmaceutical preparation is in a unit dosage form.
• the preparation is subdivided into suitably sized unit doses containing appropriate quantities of the active component, e.g., an effective amount to achieve the desired purpose.
• the quantity of active compound in a unit dose of preparation may be varied or adjusted from about 1 mg to about 1000 mg, preferably from about 1 mg to about 50 mg, more preferably from about 1 mg to about 25 mg, according to the particular application.
• the actual dosage employed may be varied depending upon the requirements of the patient and the severity of the condition being treated. Determination of the proper dosage regimen for a particular situation is within the skill of the art. For convenience, the total daily dosage may be divided and administered in portions during the day as required.
• a typical recommended daily dosage regimen for oral administration can range from about 1 mg/day to about 300 mg/day, preferably 1 mg/day to 50 mg/day, in two to four divided doses.
• Compounds of the invention have the following binding affinity at the human neuropeptide YY5 receptor subtype (hY5), NMR and Mass Spec.:
• 336 Y5 Ki 276 nM (CDCl 3 ) ⁇ 8.30 (s, 1H),7.60 (s, 1H), 7.21 (m, 2H),6.67 (m, 1H), 6.54 (s, 1H),4.76 (d, br, 1H), 4.50 (m, 1H),3.90 (d, br, 1H), 3.19 (t, 1H),2.86 (s, 3H),2.62 (t, 1H), 2.12 (s, 3H),1.90–1.50 (m, 4H).
• 378 Y5 Ki 1.6 nM (CDCl 3 ) ⁇ 8.31 (s, 1H),7.60 (s, 1H), 7.22 (m, 2H),6.68 (m, 1H), 6.42 (s, 1H),4.78 (s, br, 1H), 4.50 (m, 1H),3.95 (s, br, 1H), 3.15 (s, br, 1H),2.86 (s, 3H), 2.65 (s, br, 1H),2.37 (q, 2H), 1.90–1.50 (m, 4H),1.16 (t, 3H).

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