US692771A - Apparatus for the manufacture of illuminating-gas. - Google Patents

Description

771.1 Patented Feb. 4, I902. n. DEMPSTER.

APPARATUS FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF ILLUMINATING GAS.

(A zl wlicatioiz filed Sept. 16, 1901.)

4 Sheets-Sheet L (No Model.)

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Patented Feb. 4, I962.

4 Sheets$heet 2. 4

R. DEMPSTEB. APPARATUS FDRTHE MANUFACTURE OF lLLUMlNAT-ING GAS.

(Application filed. Sept. 16. 1901.

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No. 692,77I. A Patented Feb. 4, I902, v

' 'R,-DEMPSTER. APPARATUS FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF ILLUM'INATING HAS.

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I No. 692,77l. Patented Feb. 4,1902.

R. DEMPSTER. APPARATUS FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF ILLUMINATING GAS.

(Application filed Sept. 16, 1901.) (No Model.) 4 Sheets-Sheet 4.

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llllilll T0 at whom it may concern:

7 UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

ROBERT DEMEsrE or MABIETTA,QHIO,VASSIGNOR oMA Y DEMPSTER, HENRY I-I-I. BURNS, AND NORMAN MORRQW, OF-MARIETTA, OHIO.

APPARATUS Fo TH E MANUFAGTU RE "0F lLLUMlNATlNG-GAS.

srnolrrcafron forming part of Letters Patent No. 692,771, dated February 4,1902.

Application filed September 16, 1901, Serial No. 75.530; (No model.)

Be it known that' I, ROBERT DEMPSTER, a citizen of the United States, residing at Marietta, in the county of Washington and State of Ohio, have invented a new and useful Apparatus for Vaporizing Liquids, of which the following is a specificatio My invention relates to certain improvements in apparatus forthe formation of vapor from liquids, and while applicable for use as a steam-boiler is particularly intended for use for the formation of gas from liquid hydrocarbons of any character.

The principal object of my invention is to construct a retort-vaporizer of portable nature, which may be employed for themanufacture of a fixed gas of high illuminating power and which, owing to its low cost, may be used for heating purposes or for the running of explosive-engines.

A further object-of the invention is to so construct the device as to facilitate any necessary cleaning when t'ar or other deposits are to be removed and to render the devicev portable by'constructing it of a number of sections which may be readily assembled or disassembled.

A still furtherobject of the invention is to provide inconnection withv the vaporizer a feeding device which will act to force a pre-' determined quantity of hydrocarbon into the retort. Y

With these and other objects in View the invention consists in thenovel construction and arrangement of parts hereinafter more particularly described, shown in the accompanying drawings, and pointed out in the appended claims.

In the accompanying drawings, Figure 1 is a-perspective View of a vaporizing apparatus constructed in accordance with my invention.- Fig. 2 is a sectional elevation of the oil-feeding device employed in connection therewith,the discharge-pipe of the oil-feeder being 1 shown as connected, by dotted lines, to the feed-pipe of the vaporizer shown in Fig. 1. Fig. 3 is a transverse sectional elevation of the vaporizing apparatus on the line 3 3, Fig. 4:. Fig. 4 is a longitudinal sectional elevation of the same on the lines 4 4 of Fig. 3. Fig. 5 is a sectional plan view through the superheater at the upper portion of the device'on the line 5 5 of Fig. 4.

Similar numerals of reference indicate corresponding parts throughout the various figures of the drawings.

1O designates a cast-iron. retort of rectangular form in cross-section and provided at each of the ends with upwardly-extending gas-outlets 11, through which the gas passes to an upper superheatihg-chamber 12. The number of retorts 10 employed depends entirely on the capacity of; the apparatus. In the present instance I have shown five retorts extending parallel with each other, a space being left between each of the retorts for the passage of the products of combustion arising from a mass of fuel to be supported by a lower grate 13. The ends of the retort are provided with removable covers 14,having inner flanges A 15, acting partly as guides and partly to hold the covers in position. The covers are firmly clamped in place by longitudinal bolts 16, ex-

tending entirely through the retort and having nuts l7 at one or both ends to bind the doors firmly in place. The covers or doors may be provided with packing at their edges or may be luted in the usual manner. On the inner side of each cover 14 is an annular rib 18, forming a socket for the reception of the end of apipe 19, said pipe being of such lengthas to be'firmly clamped when the bolts .16 are tightened. The pipe 19 is provided on its upper side with a series of perfora- A tions 20, extending throughout the entire length of said pipe. An oil-supply pipe 21 is arranged at the front of the vaporizer, and to said pipe is connected a series of smaller pipes 22, each being tapped into a recess or opening in a retort-cover immediately in line with the pipe l9, the oil being fed through said pipe 22 into the pipe 19. is provided with a separategoverning-valve 23, by which the flow of oil may beadjusted, or in case of the clogging of thepipe 19 from an accumulation of the heavier hydrocarbons the supply-valve leading to said-pipe may be closed temporarily without interfering with the manufacture of gas in the re-' maining retorts. At the rear cover of each retort is a valved pipe 24 in alinement with the pipe 19 and permitting the withdrawal Each pipe 22 of the greater quantity of tar and other accumulations as may from time to time become necessary.

The superheater 12 acts as a crown-sheet for the furnace and at each of its ends is provided with downwardly-projecting neck portions 25, adapted to enter the vertical passages 11, extending from the various retorts and forming continuous gas-passages to permit the escape of gas from both ends of the retorts to the superheater. The opposite sides of the superheater are provided with a series of vertical passages 27, forming outlets for the products of combustion, the burninggases arising from the mass of fuel passing between and around all of the retorts and after striking the lower face of the superheater passing through the side passages 27 and finally escaping through an outlet-flue 2'7.

The retorts are firmly secured at each end to the vaporizer by U-shaped bolts 28, the lower central portions of which pass under cross-bars 29 in the vertical passages of the retort, the upper portions of said bolts extending through the top of the superheater and being provided with suitable nuts 30.

The arrangement of the fines or passages 27 divides the sides of the superheater into a series of rectangular chambers 31, the outer ends of which are closed by removable coverplates 32, held in position by bolts 33, extending transversely through the superheater and passing through cover-plates 32 at opposite sides of said superheater. The removal of these doors permits of the cleaning of the superheater when accumulations of carbonaceous matter are to be removed.

From the top of the superheater extends a gas-outlet pipe 34:, which may be connected to a suitable gasometer or, if desired, to a purifier.

The various retorts and the superheater being bolted together form a rigid structure which is held in position within the furnacecasing, constructed of a number of independent sections which may be readily taken apart when the apparatus is to be shipped and which are of such character as to dispense with the employment of the usual fire-brick. The casing is made of four main sections comprising end walls 36 and 37 and side walls 38 and 39, shaped to conform to the general outline of the furnace and each end wall having an ashpit door 40, the feed-door 41, and a door 42, which may be opened to gain access to the ends of the retort. This latter door is preferably made in sections, owing to the arrangement of the pipes 22 and 24. Each section of the casing is provided with a large number of openings -14, countersunk on the inner side to prevent ashes lodging in the hole, and over all of the casing extends a sheet-iron casing top of the casing 52 is a cross-bar or coverplate 55, to the central portion of which is secured a piston-rod 56, having at its lower ends a two-part piston 57, provided with a pneumatic packing-ring 58, which fits snugly against the interior surface of the casing 50. The casing 50 is filled with oil, which is forced under pressure through a valved pipe 50, forcing the piston upwardly until the chamber is filled with the desired quantity of oil. The oil is maintained under pressure by means of the spring 54, if necessary, by the addition of a weight 60, (Shown by dotted lines in Fig. 2.) In some cases I prefer to employ the weight only and to entirely dispense with the spring, and owing to the fact that where a weight is used the pressure on the oil is at all times equal, while in the use of a spring the pressure would necessarily lessen as the quantity of oil in the chamber decreased. The oil is discharged from the lower portion of the chamber 50 through the pipe 21, a valve 61 being provided to govern the outflow, and in said pipe is also placed a red ucing-nozzle 62, which will permit the passage of but a small quantity of oil and permit of a regular supply in small quantities to the vaporizing apparatus.

In the operation of the device, the valves 61 and 23 being opened, oil is forced from the chamber 50 through pipe 21 and each of the pipes 22 to the perforated pipe 19 in the interior of the retort 10. Fuel having been applied to the grate-bars 15 and the retorts heated to a greater or less degree, generally to a cherry-red, the radiated heat will vaporize the oil. contained within the pipes 19, forming a heavy vapor containing all of the lighter hydrocarbons and some of the heavy hydrocarbons, said vapor passing out into the retort and there subjected to intense heat. Under the influence of the heat in the retort the gas will deposit a portion of the heavy hydrocarbons, and on passing into the SUPBI heater a further proportion of the carbonaceous matter will be deposited and the proportion of permanent gases will be increased, and their levity also, in proportion to the heat. The quantity of {gas formed depends altogether on the heat to which the hydrocarbon is subjected-the lower the heat the less the quantity of carbon deposited, and therefore the greater will be the quantity of carbon which combines with the hydrogen, and the greater the heat the greater the quantity of carbon deposited, the gas becoming poorer in illuminating qualities, but of a character especially adapted for the operation of explosive-engines where the deposit of carbonaceous matter in the cylinder of the engine detrimental.

The device is of such character that it may be readily taken apart for cleaning, and the arrangement of the primary vaporizing-tube of my invention.

, able doors arrangedat the ends of said re- Having thus described my invention, what I claim is 1. A gas-generator comprising in combination, a retort exposed to the action of heat and having removable end doors, a primary vaporizing-tube arranged centrally Within the retort and protected bysaid retort from the direct action of fiame or'the products of combustion, said tube having top perforations and being supported at its opposite ends by.

the removable doors, and a'feed-pipe connect: ed to one of said doors in alinement with said tube, substantially as specified.

2. The combination in a gas-generator, of a retort exposed to the actionof heat, removtort and having tube-receiving sockets, a tube arranged centrally within the retort and having its opposite ends supported in said socket-s, an oil-feed pipe connected to one of said doors in alinement with the said tube, and a residuum-discharge pipe connected to the opposite feed-door in alinement with said tube.

3. In adevice of the class specified, the combination of a series of spaced retorts each having a perforated primary vaporizingchamber, a superheater to which all of said retorts are connected, fiues or passages for the products of combustion arranged at the sides of said superheater, and-a combustionchamber in which the retorts and superheater are arranged.

4. In a device of the class specified, a combustion -chamber having suitable side and end walls, and a fuel-grate, a series of retorts situated within said combustion-chamber and spaced for the passage of the products of comvbnstioma superheater forming the crownsheet for the combustion-chamber and communicating with all of the retorts, there bepassages for the products of combustion.

5. In a deviceof the class specified,rthe combination with a combustion-chamber, of

ing in the sides of said superheater fiues or a series of retorts, a superheater communi eating with said retorts, there being in the opposite side of said, superheater a series of fines or passages for the products of combustion, the intervening portions of the superheater between said flues or passages forming chambers having removable end covers or doors.

6. In adevice of the class specified, the

combination with a combustion-chamber, of a series, of retorts, a superheater forming a crown-sheet for the combustion-chamber, a

series of side passages arranged in the superheater, removable doors or covers closing said passages, and securing-bolts extending trans- .versely of the superheater and through said covers or doors on opposite sides of the same.

7. In a device of the class specified, the combination with a retort, of a sectional casing comprising a series of perforated sheets, the perforations of each sheet being countersunk from the inner side, and a sheet-metal outer casing surronnding'the perforated casing and separated therefrom by an air-space. In testimony that I claim the foregoing as my own I have hereto affixed my signature in the presence of two witnesses. ROB'I. DE'MPSTER.

Witnesses: I G. ,W. STRE'OKER',

W. S. HANCOCK.

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