US691145A - Lime, cement, or like kiln. - Google Patents

Description

l.' ISSERLIS. LIME, CEMENT, 0R LIKE KILN,

(Application filed May 7, 1901.) (No Model.) 3 Sheets-Sheet I.

'No. B9l,|45. Patented 3am. I4, I902. v

Fifi. Fly 5.

WITNESSES: INVEN 05 A TTOHNE Y3.

THE NORRXS vrrzns cc. FHOTOLITHOHWASHINUTON u. c. I

' No. 69l,l45.. Patented Ian. l4, I902.

I. ISSEBLIS.

LIME, CEMENT, 0B LIKEKILN.

Application filed May 7, 1901.)

(No Model.) a Sheets Shet 2.

% WIT NEW I I W ML' 'ATTORNEYS.

Patented Jan. I4, I902.

I. ISSERLIS.

LIME CEMENT, 0B LlKE KILN;

Application filed m 7, 1901.

" No. 69I,|45.

(No Model.) 3 sheets-Sheet 3.

H v Q -A/ w I- y1[ C IE \ylky 22%g I @811; I

WITNESSES; INVENTO R f/ ATTORNEYS-Q FFlC ATENT ISSAI ISSERLIS, OF KIEWV, RUSSIA.

LIME, CEMENT, OR LIKE KILN.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 691,145, dated January 14, 1902.

Application filed May 7, 1901. Serial No. 59,114. (No model.)

To 00% whom, it may concern:

Be it known that I, ISSAI ISSERLIS, engineer, a subject of the Russian Emperor, residing at 12 Kostelnaja, Kiew, Russia, have invented certain new and useful Improvements Relating to Lime, Cement, or Like Kilns; and I do hereby declare the following to be a full, clear, and exact description of the invention, such as will enable others skilled in the art to which it appertains to make and use the same.

Kilns or pit-furnaces for burning lime, cement, and the like and provided with generator or gas furnaces are ordinarily constructed with a circular section and with the generator-heartl1s disposed radially from the center. This type of kiln although having certain advantages over other forms also has the serious disadvantage of enabling only a comparatively limited production to be effected, and the daily capacity of the kiln can only be increased by enlarging the diameter of the pit. It is, however, well known in practice that kilns of large diameter give very unsatisfactory results for the reason that the centrally-situated materials within the kiln do not become fully burned, owing to the fact that-the-heating-gases are unable to penetrate far into the material and that therefore a the lime contains many portions which are insufficiently burned. Practice has shown, in fact, that kilns having a large diameter produce less, comparatively, than those of smaller size, and the materials produced in the former are of low quality, and therefore cannot commandagood market price. Moreover, the large kilns require considerably more fuel for heating in proportion to the out put. This type of kiln of circular form is only suitable for a daily production of about twelve thousand kilograms of lime. \Vhen a larger production is required, the well-known l-Iofmann furnace in the form of a ring or rows is adopted, which is capable of a daily production of from thirty-six to forty-eight thousand kilograms, although it has many disadvantages, among which may be mentioned the high cost of construction, largely-increased consumption of fuel, and large space required. Moreover, the product comes into contact with the fuel and is thus rendered impure and is often surrounded with slags, in the same manner as the products of the old form of pit-furnace, while constant and careful attention is required in order to prevent the combustion-channels from collapsing.

Now it is the object of this invention to combine all the advantages of the generator pit-furnace and those of the llofmann furnace, While entirely avoiding their disadvantages.

According to this invention I arrange two parallel longitudinal walls and two parallel rows of generator or gas hearths immediately connected with the pit.

In order that my invention may be readily understood and carried into effect, I will describe the same fully with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which Figure 1 is avertical section taken on the line A A of Fig. 3. Fig. 2 is a longitudinal section taken on the line B B of Fig. 3. Fig. 3 is a horizontal section taken on the line C O of Fig. 1. Fig. t is a similar section taken on the line D D of Fig. 2. Figjisa section taken on the ne lrE-vof Fig. 2, and Fig. 61% a plan of a kiln constructed in accordance therewith.

The kiln is shown in the drawings as having four compartments, each of which is capable of a daily production of about twelve thousand kilograms of lime, so that the improved kiln has a daily capacity of about forty-eight thousand kilograms of lime. This production may be easily increased by providing additional compartments, as is indicated by the dotted lines o c in Fig. 3, when the kiln would have a capacity of about seventy-two thousand kilograms per day, and in the same manner the kiln could be made to have a capacity of any desired quantity per day. Therefore the kiln is unlimited with regard to capacity, and it is evident that tlllS'fl improved kiln yields a greater production than the largest Hofmann or ring furnace.

The limestone is introduced at the upper end through side doors a or a a, and the finished lime after having cooled in the kiln is discharged through the lower doors I) b b b b b 19 b Each of the compartments I II III IV is heated by the generator-gases from two opposite hearths c 0 The air for burning with the generation-gases is introduced selling-price of the product.

through ventilators in the doors I) and b As the air has to pass through the burned and hot lime-pieces in the cooling-space to the channels d, it will itself become warm, while at the same time cooling the finished burnt lime. The fuel is introduced from aboveinto the furnaces through the apertures ee. generator-hearths are fitted with iron boxes in the ash-pit adapted to .contain water.

For the purposes of removing the slags the following arrangement is provided: An auxiliary grate is temporarily slid over the slags, so as to retain only the fuel. The ordinary grate is then withdrawn, so as to allow the slags to fall into the water contained in the box of the ash-pit.

The ash-pits of the generator-hearth are provided with air-tight-closing doors, so as to permit of the perfect regulation of the airsupply into the generator-hearths.

ff f are so-called sight-holes covered by tight-closing cast-iron covers. They serve for examining or inspecting the combustion process and also when blowing down the kiln to knock over any attached burned pieces, so

as to obtain a uniform setting of the contents- The exhaust gases or gases of combustion are conducted off from each compartment bya brick chimney, each of which latter receives the gases from two compartments,as is clearly 40 shown in thedrawings.

' upper part QLLQQ kilns there are cross-walls g g for the purmsc Of giving strength to the structure. These cross-wall connect the entire upper half of the kiln to an entire whole structure. For still further increasing the solidity of the structure a number of iron longitudinal and cross-bars b b are provided, the ends of which latter are fixed in channel-iron anchoring-bars lo 71; on the exterior.

The interior of the entire kiln is furnished vhas the following advantages: The cost of construction is about half or even less than that of a Hofmann kiln of the same productive capacity, which is an important feature in so far as the interests and amortisation of the starting capital have great bearing on the Furthermore, the improved kiln requires less fuel than a Hofmann furnace, as will be readily admit- The ted on examining the cross-section on theline A A Fig. 1, in which the refrigerators at the bottom are filled with finished burnt lime, which is cooled by the air drawn in for combustion, the zone of the highest'temperature being slightly above the inlet-passages from the generator-hearths. Lastly, the chambers are freshly charged at the upper part, andthese fresh charges are heated by the fluegases.

By proportioning the height of the refrigerator to the passages it is easy to make the path of the combustion-gases from the said passages to the end of the kiln as long as in the Hofmann furnace, with the sole difference that in the improved pit-furnace the gases travel upward, while in the Hofmann furnace they are forced to travel in a horizontal direction and only afterward ascend in the chimney. Consequently the temperature of the exhaust-gases in the improved kiln is lower. This again leads to a further advantage, viz: In the Hofmann furnace each chamber is separately heated and then entirely cooled at the discharge and afterward again heated. In this manner a material portion of the heat from the fuel is wasted, owing to the alternate heating and cooling of the walls of the kiln, which does not occur in the improved kiln, as the heated con-tents remain in this condition during the whole operation. Moreover, the mp d k n a he a a tag at the Side Walls may e b ught clo er t g the by c esp nd ngly n s g t e n th w t out reducing the area of cross-section, and thus produce an intimate veonnmingling of the gases and flames with the air for the combustion process, which it is impossible to efiect in the I-Iofmann furnace, in which the size of the chambers is generally so large as to prevent a Very high and intense temperature being obtained. Although at present the Hofmann furnace is built for the plrpose. of obtaining the same result by providing a separate hearth for each chamber, they are more expensive in fuel and in their construction.

As the improved pit-furnace or limeki'ln is provided with a generator-hearth, it will be possible to burn any convenient kind of fuel,

especially the cheaper f uels-such as turf, bi=

tuminous coal, and the like-which it is impossible to use in the Hofmann furnace.

IIO

The improved kiln is of very compact design, and therefore occupies little room and is cheap to build.

I clairn-- 1. A limekiln, consisting of a plurality of mpa tm nts u ica ng a the lower ends and each provided with a chimney in the upper end, feed-doors in said chimneys, discharge-doors at the base of said compartments, and oppositely-arranged hearths in said compartments, substantially as set forth.

2. A kiln, consisting of a plurality of compartments lineally arranged and having op+ posite side walls in proximity, said compartmeans for supplying fuel to said hearths, subments communicating at their lower ends, a stantially as set forth. 1o chimney provided at the upper end of each I In testimony whereof I affix my signature compartment, a feed-door-therein, dischargein presence of two witnesses.

doors at the base of the kiln, hearths oppo- ISSAI ISSERLIS. [L. 3.] sitely arranged in each compartment, fire- Witnesses:

grates and auxiliary grates provided in said LEON LIPSCHITZ, hearths, a liquid-containing ash-pan, and

BOLEXTAV SKOVRONSKI.

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