US657679A - Furnace. - Google Patents

Description

Patented Sept. II, 1900.

J. G. SNDERSUN.

F U B N A C E.

(Application filed July 17, 1899.)

4 Sheets-Sheet I.

(No Model.)

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Patented Sept. II, |900.

J. G. SA-NDERSN.

F U R N C E.

(Application filed July 17, 1899.)

4 Sheets-Sheet 2.

(No Model.)

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Patented Sept. H, |900.

J. G. SANDERSON.

F U H N A C E (Application filed July 17, 1899.)

4 Sheets-Sheet 3.

(No Model.)

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J. G. SANDERSDN.

F U R N A C E.

(Application filed -July 17, 1899.)

4 Sheets-Sheet 4.

(No Model.)

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UiTED STATES PATENT (,)EEicE` JAMES GARDNER SANDERSON, OF SCRANTON, PENNSYLVANIA.

FURNACE.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 657,679, dated September 11, 1900. Application filed July 17. 1899. SeralNo. 724,129. (No model.)

T0 all whom it may concern,.-

Be it known that I, JAMES GARDNER SAN- DERsoN, a citizen of the United States, and a resident of Scranton, in the county of Lackawanna and State of Pennsylvania, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Furnaces, of which the following is a speciiication.

My invention relates to furnaces for the combustion of small or ne fuel, such as waste coal or slack, a-nthracite culm, and coke-breeze; and it has for its object to provide improved means for handling these forms of fuel both in feeding it into the furnace and causing complete combustion thereof; also, to im prove the general construction of a furnace suitable for burning such fuel.

One feature of my invention consists in providing the passage-way between the fuelhopper and the interior of the furnace with a stepped or ribbed feeding-plate which is intermittently reciprocated, so as to gradually force the fuel into the furnace, a suitable valve cooperating with said plate to close the entrance and prevent escape of gas.

Another feature of my invention consists in constructing the fuel-grate of a number of superimposed trunnioned plates projecting successively beyond one another to form an inclined grate-surface suitably spaced apart for the free passage of air between them and each presenting in normal position an approximately-horizontal portion to support the fine fuel, the plates being preferably provided with longitudinal ribs or enlargements, which have the effect of raking off a restricted portion of the fuel when the plates are rocked upon theirtrunnions into approximately-vertical position and also serve to substantially close the openings between the plates by such movement and prevent discharge of unconsumed fuel. The enlargements are preferably serrated or notched to avoid cutting off the supply of air during the stoking operation, and their reciprocating movement upon their trunnions serves the additional function of feeding downward any ash which is too large to pass between them.

A further feature consists in providing at the bottom of the lire-pot formed by the two inclined grates above described a clinker grinder and discharger,com prising two shafts carrying laterally contiguous intermeshing spur-wheels set in a mounting or frame have ing projections entering and guarding the spaces between the spur-wheels on the outer sides of the respective shafts.

A further feature consists in providing a centrally-disposed ash-trough beneath the lire-pot, in which is mounted a wormescrew, and an ash-pit into which the trough discharges and which is suitably water-sealed.

Further features relate to the specific construction ofthe body of the furnace, whereby the necessary flues for supplying air and steam to support combustion are provided in an advantageous manner.

In the accompanying drawings, Figure lis a horizontal section through a furnace embodying my present invention, the section being taken upon the line l l of Fig. 3 and some of the grate-bars being omitted for perspicuity. Fig. 2 is a central longitudinal vertical section in which some of the grate-bars and a portion of the arch-wall are omitted to disclose parts behind them. Fig. 3 is a vertical transverse section of my improved furnace, showing one means for oscillating the grate-bars upon their trunnions,together with the preferred form of fuelfeeding mechanism. Fig. Lisa partial vertical section illustrating another means for oscillating the grate-bars and showing a modified form of fuel-feed. Figs. 5 and 6 represent by end View and side elevation, on an enlarged scale, the construction of my improved truunioned grate-bars.

1 represents the Walls of the furnace, pref erably constructed with a non-conducting filling 2 and supported on foundation 3 through the medium of posts 4 and plates 5. The spaces between posts 4 are closed by panels 6, containing either doors 7 or manholes 8.

9 represents the arch, supported upon the furnace walls l through the medium of a frame 10 of a construction which provides a number of fuel-feed passages 1l, through which the surmounting fuel-hopper 12 communicates with the furnace. Fuel is fed automatically and in measured quantities controllable at will by means of the stepped or charger.

ribbed platesl13, working in the passages 1l.. The plates 13 have downwardly-presented shoulders which engage measured quantities of the fuel in that direction and cause it to pass into the furnace. The plates 13 are moved upward by cams 14 on constantly-rotating shafts 15, which engage pins 16 -i-n the protruding ends of the plates beyond the walls of the furnace and in the opposite direction by gravitation of the superimposed column of fuel. the plates 13 to close the openings 11 against the escape of gas.

While the above-described feed apparat-us is preferable, l may employ a chute substantially as shown in Fig. 4, which projects into the furnace and is flared downwardly to overcome tendency to packing of the material and lat the angles of the knees at the bottom of Lthe fire-pot, comprises a pair Vof shafts 28, toothed wheels 29, and longitudinal bars 30,

choking of the passage. Such a feed apparatus is disclosed in my Letters Patent No. 609,705, granted August. 23, 1898.

The lire-pot is formed by two lateral grates inclined downwardly toward its center, which is closed bya clinker grinder and dis- Each grate is divided into longitudinal sections by knees 1S, having parallel vertical portions 18L and diverging portions 18", and between each pair of knees are trunnioned peculiarly-frme il grate-bars 19. The form of one of these grate-bars will be understood upon reference to Figs. and 6, from which it. will be observed that ythey are provided with trunnions 20, toothed or serrated enlargements 21 along their inner edges, and a pair of perforated ears 22- for the attach K ment of a connecting-bar through the mediuin of which the grate-bars are oscillared. `sprocket-wheel 33, which is to receive motion from any suitable source.

The normal position of the grate-bars is that shown in Fig. 4, where it will be observed that they are spaced apart vertically to per- `the grates or clinker-grinderare collected by vthe inclined bottom 34 (which maybe conmit the free passage of air between them, and they project successively beyond one another in a downwardly-extending series to afford vertical support for the superincumbent fuel. By such a construction of grate thev downward tendency of the fuel is effectually arrested until the grate-bars are oscillated, when the downward feeding of any adjacent material, such as clinker too large to pass between the grate-bars, is caused to take place. The longitudinal enlargements 21 of the grate-bars are such that when the latter are moved to a position approximating that shownin Fig. 3 the ashes or consumed fuel contiguous to the grate, where combustion takes place, will be raked 0E or gathered and caused to drop between the bars, while by the same operation the spaces are substantially closed against the passage of unconsumed fuel, and the latteris afforded Vertical support. A return of the grate-bars to the position shown in Fig.4 causes the clinker, dac. ,to feed downwardly, as before explained. By the serrations or notches 23, formed in the enlargements of the grate-bars, interference or material reduction of the supply of air or other support for combustion is prevented, while not impair-ing the function of the enlargements 21 in preventing waste of unconsumed fuel.

Oscillating movement may be imparted to the grate-bars 19 in various ways. I have Iillustrated in Fig. 3 a bar 24, connecting all of the ears 22 and having direct connection 'y through a pitman 25 with an operating-lever 26, fulcrumed at 27 on the outside of the fur- Valves 17 coperate with nace, so that the grate-bars may be manually oscillated at will. The con necti ngebar 24 may, however, be connected through a pitman 25L with a lever 26a ou a shaft 27', which extends longitudinally through the wall of the furnace i and is there provided with means for actuating ift-such, for instance, as a handle 261.

The clin ker grinder and discharger, located formed with projections 31, the wheels on the shafts and the projections on the bars being :spaced apart a distance corresponding api proximatelyto the thickness of the wheels and 'i so located that the teeth of the wheels and proljections on the bars overlap, the teeth on the `wheels of yone shaft entering and guarding Ethe spaces between the wheels on the other shaft and the projections on the bars entering and guarding the spaces between the wheels on the outer sides of the shafts. lshafts 28 extend longitudinally through the furnace and are caused to vrotate in unison by'intermeshing gear-wheels 32 at one orboth ends, rotary motion being imparted through The any suitable means-such, for instance, as a Ashes and' ground clinker passing through veniently formed by a filling of cement) into a trough 35', fitted with a wormlscrew 3b'. The trough 35 terminates at one end in an `ash-pit 37, from which the ashes may readily `be removed.

.of the furnace by the supporting-plates 40,

which. likewise afford convenient mounting for the shafts 28. At one end I provideA an inlet 41 for air or a mixture of air and steam` to support the combustion, while opposite said inlet within the chamber 39 is a deiecltor 42 to divide the current of air and cause it to pass equally in opposite directions through flues 43 into the spaces beneath the fire-pot. rlhe flues 43 are preferably lined by plates 44..

A furnace as above described is especially adapted for economically handling waste coal IIO or coal in very finely-divided condition and causing complete combustion of the same without material waste.

The furnace illustrated is designed more particularly for the production of gas, which is driven off from the material and caused to escape through an opening 45 beneath the arch; but it is obvious that the features of my invention may be embodied with equal advantage in furnaces constructed for other purposes.

Iam aware that it has been proposed to construct a grate of reciprocating or oscillating bars having' substantially-horizontal supporting ends which when reciprocated from horizontal position downward are intended to cause the ashes and fuel to feed downwardly;

`but experience has demonstrated that the ue light ashes from line fuel will not move under the influence of these grate-bars, but will accumulate about them and hold back the clinker, while allowing unconsumed heavier fuel to go to the bottom and be discharged. By my construction I insure proper action of the ashes and fuel by cutting out or raking olf the tine ashes by means of the upward oscillation of the plates and cause said ashes to discharge through the openings between the plates. The clinker is then left under full control of the grate bars or plates and by the relu rn movement ofthe latter is forced downward without unduly disturbing the unconsumed fuel.

Having thus described my invention, the following is what I claim as new therein and desire to secure by Letters Patent:

l. In a furnace, the combination of a grate made up of a downwardly-inclined series of trunnioned or pivoted bars projecting one beyond another inwardly toward the fire and normally presenting approximately-horizontal portions for affording vertical support to the fuel, and means for rocking said bars in a direction to move their inner edges from said normal toward a vertical position, whereby adjacent material is raked upward.

2. In a furnace, the combination of a grate composed of a downwardly-inclined series of pivoted or tru n nioned bars projecting one beyoud the other inwardly toward the fire, normally presenting approximately-horizontal portions affording vertical support for the fuel, provided with enlargements along their protruding inneredges which rakein the ashes when the bars are oscillated, and suitable means for oscillating the bars in a direction to cause their said inner enlarged edges to rake upward from horizontal toward vertical position.

3. In a furnace, a grate made up of a number of trunnioned hars projecting one beyond another in downwardly-inclined series, suitably spaced apart for the passage of air between them, formed with enlargements upon their inner edges neXt the fire, which close the spaces between them when they are oscillated in a direction to move said enlargements upward toward vertical position, and having suitable means for oscillating them in unison in such direction.

4. In a furnace, a grate made upof a nninber of trunnioned bars projecting one beyond the other in a downwardly-inclined series affording Vertical support to the fuel resting upon them, spaced apart for the passage of air between them and permilting the escape of ashes between them when rocked in adirection to move their edges neXt the fire upward toward vertical position, an d having enlargements along their inner ends for closing the passages between them against the escape of fuel when they are moved toward vertical position; said enlargements being toothed or serrated to avoid cutting off the supply of air; substantially as herein set forth.

5. In a furnace, the combination of the downwardly-inclined series of substantiallyhorizontal grate-bars suitably trunnioned, a bar connecting said grate-bars in series, and means for imparting movement to the connecting-bar to oscillate the grate-bars from horizontal toward vertical position, and causing them to rake the adjacent fine ashes into the discharging-spaces between them; substantially as herein set forth.

6. In a furnace, the combination of the knees or supports 18 formed with the vertical portions 1S and inclined portions 18 in conformity with the vertical section of the tirepot, two series of grate-bars trunnioned in the inclined portions of said knees and spaced apart to permit them to assume an approximately-horizontal position and to be moved toward a vertical position, a clinker-crusher located at the angles of the knees, and means for oscillating said grate-bars at will; substantially as set forth.

7. A normally-horizontal oscillating gratebar having a flat {ire-supporting portion and an upwardly-raking enlargement along its edge distant from the trunnions.

8. The herein-described grate-bar 19 having trunnions 2O at its respective ends, formed with a longitudinal enlargement 2l along the edge next the tire, and with projections 22 upon its other edge for attachment of means for oscillating it; substantially as set forth.

9. The herein-described normally-horizontal fiat grate-bar 19 constructed with trunnions 20 at its respective ends, and with an enlargement 2l along its inner edge distant from the trunnions, serrated or toothed, substantially as shown.

l0. In a furnace, a series of overlapping pivoted grate-plates having norm all y-horizontal flat supporting portions, and presenting normally a continuous support for fine fuel without vertical passage through the grate, and means for moving the horizontal portions of said plates from horizontal to vertical position; whereby they open vertical passages between them and rake thereinto the adjacent fine ashes; substantially as set forth.

11. In a furnace, the combination of the IOO IOS

trunnioned grate-bars spaced apart for the escape of ashes between them when moved towardvertical position, and having means for oscillating them to cause thein to feed downward clinker or other products of combustion too large to pass between them, and the clinker grinder and discharger located at the bottom of the fire-pot formed by saidgrates; su bstantially as herein explained.

12. In a furnace-grate, a plurality of overlappingpivoted grate-bars, or plates, suitably spaced apart, provided with norrnally-horizontal flat supporting portions, aording support for ne fuel Without vertical passage through the grate and with raking enlargements or flanges along their edges distant from their trunnions, and means for moving the horizontal portions of said bars or plates from horizontal position upward toward vertical position to open vertical passages between the bars or plates and rake into said passages ashes adjacent thereto.

JAMES GARDNER SANDERSON. Witnesses:

C. CoMEeYs, R. L. FRANCOIS.

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