US626386A - Franz kluge - Google Patents

Description

No. 626.386. Patented June 6, I899. F. KLUGE.

APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION 0F FUEL.

(Application filed Apr. 20, 1895.)

(No Model.)

In: cams PETER co.. Wow-mum wAsuma'ruu. o. c.

lnrrn FRANZ KLUGE, OF BARMEN, GERMANY, ASSIGNOR TO EMIL GREEFF, OF SAME PLACE.

APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION OF FUEL.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent N 0. 626,386, dated June 6, 1899.

Application filed April 20, 1895.

T0 (tZZ whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, FRANZ KLUGE, a subject of the German Emperor, residing at Barmen,Germany, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Apparatus for the Combustion of Fuel; and I do hereby declare the following to be a full, clear, and exact description of the invention, such as will enable others skilled in the art to which it appertains to make and use the same, reference being had to the accompanying drawings, and to letters of reference marked thereon, which form a part of this specification.

My invention has relation to the art of heating; and it has for its object the provision of means whereby the combustion of the fuel is promoted in that a more complete combustion of such fuel is effected, and consequently higher temperatures obtained, than would be the case otherwise, and whereby inferior fuels may be advantageously and economically used.

The principle of the invention is based upon the introduction into a body of incandescent fuel, besides the air necessary to its combustion, of water of normal temperature in a finely-divided state, as in an atomized state, the effect obtained being twofold, namely: The minute globules of water when brought into contact with the incandescent fuel undergo such a rapid vaporization as to explode, acting to shatter and more or less disintegrate and open up or loosen the body of fuel, thereby affording freer access to the air therethrough, this being especially the case when small fuel is used, which explosive effect in itself tends to very materially promote its combustion. The contact of the globules of water with the incandescent fuel and their instantaneous evaporation produces temperatures sufficiently high to bring about results of a chemical nature in that the water is decomposed by the heat in presence of carbon, thereby producing water-gas which is consumed in its nascent state and to which the higher temperatures attainable are directly due, while the high temperatures required for the decomposition of the water could not be obtained without the preliminaryaction of the water upon the fuel. Fin ally, there are f ur- Serial No. 546,508. (No model.)

ther important advantages involved in my invention in that the atomized water can be illtrod uced into the fuel through the grate-t. e. from a point below the sameand as such water is of normal temperature the speedy burning out of the grate at the high temperatures attainable is effectually avoided, and this has been fully demonstrated by practice, the grate becoming coated or covered with Fe 0 FeO, or, for short, F0 0,, which is further proof that water-gas is present, and in that the invent-ion can be applied to any kind of heater and at a comparatively slight expense, especially in localities where water under sufficient pressure is available, as is the case in cities having a water distribution. On the other hand, the sprayed water may be introduced into the fuel from above or laterally, if so desired, and the'atomizing appliances may be so constructed as to induce a flow of air to and through the fuel, and such air-current may be used as a vehicle for the atomized water. The simplest construction of apparatus involving all of the advantages referred to would therefore consist in an airpipe opening into an otherwise closed ash-pit and open at its outer end and an injectoratomizer nozzle projecting into the intake of such air-pipe and connected with a source of supply of water under sufficient pressure or head, means being provided to drain such water as may not be carried into the fuel from the air-pipe; but, as is obvious, the construction of the appliances may and necessarily must be varied, according to the nature of the heaters or furnaces to which they are to be applied, and in the accompanying drawings I have illustrated the application of my invention to two forms of heaters, Figure 1 being a vertical section of an ordinary heater and Fig. 2 a like view of a well-known form of furnace.

Fig. 1 shows appliances whereby the aircurrent is induced through the agency of an atomizing-injector, means being provided for the utilization of. such water as is not carried into the fuel by the force of the current. In this figure of the drawings, 0. indicates a heater of any suitable construction, I) the fuel-grate thereof, and b a chamber below such fuel-grate, into which opens a pipe 0, whose outer end 0 is of increased diameter and preferably provided with a flaring or trumpet shaped inlet 0 Into the enlarged portion a of pipe 0 projects a pipe d, that is provided with an atomizing-nozzle h, said pipe d being connected with a source of water-supply under sufficient pressure or head to atomi'ze the water issuing from said nozzle and induce an inflow or inrush of air through pipe 0 a, such air mixing with the finely-divided water and carrying the same along through the grate b into or through the body of fuel thereon. The larger water globules, or those too heavy to be carried along by the air-current, are projected against the walls of thepipe c or those of the chamber 12, the water running back into pipe 0, from which such water may be drawn off. I prefer, however, to utilize the waste water, and this I accomplish by providing a suitable receiver fbelow pipe 0 and by providing the latter with an exhaust or discharge pipe e, the outlet of which is luted by the water in said receptacle, which has a pipe 9 of small interior diameter connected therewith near its bottom, the outlet of said pipegbeing proximate to the outlet of the injector-atomizing nozzle h, whereby a partial vacuum is produced in said pipe and the water in the receiver f drawn into and out of such pipe 9 in a wellknown manner. Experiments have shown that ,but a comparatively small amount of water is required to produce the results aimed at and that but asmall portion of the atomized water supplied to pipe 0 is actually carried to the fuel, the major portion of such water flowing back into receiver f and is utilized as above described.

In Fig. 2 I have shown the blast-pipe cprovided with a branch pipe 0 entering the furnace-chamber below the grate and having its outlet above such grate slightly below the upper edge of the fire-bridge B, and an auxiliary pipe 0 extending from a point below the grate to a point nearly flush with the upper edge of said fire-bridge B, the outlet of said auxiliary pipe 0 being curved in the direction of the flow of the products of combustion, whereby a portion of the air and the atomized water is directed into or practically into the zone of combustion.

Having thus described my invention, what I claim as new therein, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is-- 1. The combination with a combustionchamber, of means for forcing air and water into incandescent fuel in said chamber, comprising an air-duct in communication with the fuel, a water spraying or atomizing nozzle, adapted to be connected with a source of supply of water under pressure, and arranged in the air-duct to induce a current of air into the fuel whereby the water is sprayed by its own pressure and carried into the fuel by the induced current of air, for the purpose set forth.

2. The combination with a combustionchamber, of means for forcing air and water into incandescent fuel in said chamber, comprising an air-duct in communication with such fuel, a spraying or atomizing nozzle adapted to be connected with a source of supply of water underpressure and arranged in said air-duct to spray water and induce a current of air into the fuel, whereby the water is sprayed by its own pressure and carried into the fuel by the current of air, and a drain connected with the air-duct between the nozzle and combustion-chamber and organized to educt water not carried into the fuel without admitting air to the air-duct, for the purposes set forth.

3. The combination with a combustionchamber, of means for forcing air and water into incandescent fuel in said chamber, comprising a closed ash-pit, an air-duct leading intothe same, and a water spraying or atomizing nozzle adapted to be connected with a source of supply of Water under pressure, and arranged within the air-duct to spray the water and induce a current of air through the grate into the fuel, whereby the water is sprayed by its own pressure and carried into the fuel by the induced current of air, for the purpose set forth.

4. The combination with a combustionchamber and a closed chamber or ash-pit below the grate thereof, of an air-conduit in communication with said ash-pit, a spraying device adapted to be connected with a source of supply of water under pressure said spraying device arranged in the air-duct to spray water into the ash-pit, and to simultaneously induce a forced draft of air thereinto and through the fuel-grate, and means for draining water not carried into the fuel, from the ash-pit, for the purpose set forth.

5. The combination with a heater provided 'with a conical chamber below the grate, a

pipe 0 c' constructed as described and connected with the smaller end of the aforesaid chamber, an injector-nozzle arranged axially within the enlarged portion 0 of pipe 0, a receiver connected with the smaller portion of such pipe, and a pipe 9 leading from the receiver into pipe 0 c proximate to and in front of the injector-nozzle, substantially as and for the purpose set forth.

In testimony that I claim the foregoing as my invention I have signed my name in presence of two subscribing witnesses.

FRANZ KLUGE.

Witnesses:

F. H. STRAUSS, A. STRAUss.

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