US541436A - Anna e - Google Patents

Description

Nomad-5 W. G. GALLOWAY 8v W. A. LEARY.

A E GALLQWAYy Executx of W. G. GALLGWAY, Deceased KILN.

No. 541,436. Patented June 18, 1895.

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

IVILLIAM G. GALLOVAY AND IVILLIAM A. IIEARY, OF-NOREOLK, VIRGINIA;

ANNA E. GALLOWAY EXECUTRIX OF SAID WILLIAM G. GALLOWAY, DE-

CEASED.

KILN.

SEEGIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 541,436, dated J une 18, 1895.

Application filed February 9, 1895. Serial No. 537,822. (No model.) l

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that we, IVILLIAM G. GALLO- wAY and WILLIAMA. LEARY, of Norfolk, in the county of Norfolk and State of Virginia, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Kilns; and we do hereby declare the following to be a full, clear, and exact description of the invention, such as will enable others skilled in the art to which it appertains to make and use the same.

This invention contemplates new and useful improvements in kilns and is applicable for treatment of brick and clay products, and lumber, and for general drying purposes. Y

The object of the invention is to provide an improved natural down-draft kiln in which the, cold air will be brought into the kiln at the top thereof and will pass downward equally at every point throughout the length and width of the kiln, said air being heated before coming in contact with the articles to be dried.

A further object is to prevent unequal aircurrents in the kiln and also to insure the vaporization of the moisture in the lower portions of the material being dried, and in the case of bricks prevent softening and crushing of the lower tiers, thus insuring equal drying at every point.

These objects we accomplish by providing a kiln with an upper reservoir or plenum of air extending over the kiln. The floor of this reservoir, which forms a supplementary roof for the drying chamber of the kiln, is perforated and air is introduced from the outside of the kiln through airlines extending up the sides of the building. Beneath this perforated loor of the reservoir is a suitable heating medium of single or double rows of steampipes. The iiooriof the kiln is tapered and made double forming ducts which communicate with outlet lines. A gutter extends longitudinally along the center of the floor at the vertex thereof beneath a corresponding space or opening between theinner portions of the inclined sides of the'floor. Above this door and between the tracks is a solid deiiector or partition over which is a lower heating medium.

The invention comprises the novel features of construction and aisothe combination and *arrangement of parts, substantially as hereinafter fully set forth and particularly pointed out in the claims.

In the accompanying drawings, Figure lis a vertical sectional view of our improved kiln. Fig. 2 is a horizontal sectional View on the linea"l w, Fig. l.

Referring to the drawings, A designates the kiln or building having the drying room or chamber a, an outer roof A and two series of air-inlet ues a', and outlet tlues azextending perpendcularly along or in the side walls of the building each ot' said series of flues on one side of the building being preferably staggered relatively tothe corresponding series on the other side. Ordinary dampers a3 are arranged vrat the lower endsy of the inlet iiues a. y

These latter tluespextend to the top of the building and open into a cold-air chamber or reservoir B, extending over the entire top of allow the hot air in the'chamber to bepocketed between the strata of cold air and the under side of the floor or supplementary roof, and thus insure downward circulation.

The floor D of the room A is inclined from the sides to the center; forming an exaggerated V in cross-section, a continuous space or opening d being left between the two inclined sides of the door. This floor is made double, that is, a second correspondingly inclined 'the under side of the latter sufficiently far to f licor d is located beneath the door D and to IOO ter is preferably formed of metal, brother material suitable to provide for e'oridensatio'n of moisture in the air, such condensation being promoted by reason of the contact of the outer atmosphere with the exterior of said gutter, which latter extends beneath the iioor. Likewise the outer iloor is preferably vmetallic. The double floor is formed into d u'ct's E which open at their outer ends into the outlet flues a2, which latter extend upward through the roof A of the building. If desired each alternate duct E may have an opening e formed by cutting away a portion of the inner floor D adjacent to the side walls of the building. lf so constructed these ducts on the opposite sides of the building are arranged in staggered relation.

F, F, designate the longitudinal trackrails for the trucks `(not shown) and between these rails is a solid deflector or partition f which entirely covers the intervening space, and upon this delector i's a lower heating medium f', shown as consisting of steampipes. j

1n practice the space or opening d, which we will term the first outlet, should be of greater area than the combined area of the inlets through the perforated floor of the air reservoir, and the areas of the inner ends of lateral ducts E adjacent to the gutter and said space or opening are larger than that of the latter.

The operation is as follbwszThe cold-air passes up through the inlet flues a into the chamber or reservoir B, forming a plenum, and the upper heating medium beneath said reservoir draws the air downward through the perforated floor of said reservoir 'equally'at every point. The cold air is forced downward by the expansive force and compression created by the heating medium, and after passing through or in "contact with the material under treatment passes through the space or opening d and thence through Vdu'cts E up and out the top of ues a2. When the floor is made with the additional o'utl'et'openings e a portion of the charged air passes 'out at those points. The dues a? are also provided with darnpers g, which *enable the draft to be controlled, thereby facilita ting the drying of the various articles under treatment. The moisture is removed from the Aair by condensation eected either in the. gutter, the-ducts E, or the outlet dues, and falling into `said gutter is conveyed from the building. The lower heating medium vaporizes the moisture in the lower tiers `of material and forces it upward and 'outward toward the side-walls of the kiln and makes the saine pass downward to the central gutter, while a portion will pass out through the openings e. In drying bricks the lower heating medium prevents the Vsoftening and crushing of the bricks in the lower tiers. The deflector or partition between the traok-rails'and beneath the lower heating pipes is preferably covered with anon-conducting material which prevents the-heat from radiating downward to the lower outlet and thus said heat is forced to act on the lower tiers of material. Thus it will be seen that in our improved kiln heat and gravity and condensation work in unison. By providing the plenum or reservoir of cold `or tempered air at the top of the kiln and the floor of the reservoir with numerous perforations an equal distribution of air at every-point is obtained, and thus unequal distribution of air is avoided. A natural downdraft kiln is thus obtained and in consequence the drying operation can be,quickly accomplished in a thorough manner. The area of the rst outlet being greater than the combined area of the inletand the lateral ducts being of greater area than the said first outl'etfa thorough air circulation is constantly maintained.

We claim as our inventionl. A kiln having an upper' air-chamber, a heating medium beneath said chamber, a lower inelined floor having a central outlet opening and air-ducts leading therefrom, as set forth.

2. A kiln having a room and an upper perforated floor or supplement-ary roof forming an air chamber, air-inlet flues opening into said air-'chamber above said fioor, a heating medium beneath said upper floor, and a lower outlet at the biot'tom of said room, as set forth.

3. A kiln having a room, an upper air-charnber, an upper heating medium, and air-inlet tubes leading from said air-chamber into said room at points beneath the top of the latter, as and for the purpose set forth.

4. A kiln having an upper heating medium, a lower outlet, and a lower heating medium above said outlet and beneath said upper heating medium, as set forth.

5. A kiln having an upper heating medium, a lower outlet, a lower heating medium above said outlet, Vand a deflector between `said outlet and lower heating medium, as set forth.

6. A kiln having an upper air-supply, an upper heating medium, a lower air-'outlet of greater `area than said air-supply, and a lower heating medium above said outlet, asset forth.

7-. A kiln having an upper air-chamber provided with a perforated floor, an upper heating medium beneath said floor, a lower outlet of greater area than the combined area ofsaid pierforation's of said floor, and a lower heating medium above said outlet, as set forth.

8. A kiln having an upper-air-charnber provided with a perforated Hoor, inlet ducts opening into said air-chainber,a heating medium beneath said floor, a lower floor having a central'out'let space or 'opening, a longitudinal gutter, and air-outlet dfucts, as set forth.

9. A kiln having-an upper air-chamber p`rovided with a'perforated floor, inlet ducts opening into'said air-chamber, a heating medium beneath said door, a lower double fioor having a central space or Opening, lateral airros IIO

ducts, a central longitudinal gutter, and outlet lues into which said air-duets open, as set forth.

l0. In a down-draft kiln having an upper air-chamber, an upper heating medium beneath said air-chamber, a lower outlet, a lower heating medium above said outlet and beneath said upper heating medium, and a deiector between said lower heating medium and said outlet, as set forth.

ll. In a down-draft kiln having an upper air-chamber, an upper heating medium beneath said air-chamber, a lower outlet, trackrails mounted above said outlet, a detleetor or partition between said track-rails, and a lower heating medium on or above said floor or partition, substantiall y as set forth.

l2. The herein-described kiln having an upper air-chamber provided with a perforated floor, inlet lines opening into said air-chamber, an upper heating medium beneath said floor, a lower double floor having intermediate air-duets and a central space or opening, a gutter connected to said lower floor and extending beneath the latter, and outlet iues into which said air-ducts open, as set forth.

1S. The herein-described kiln having an` upper air-chamber, a heating medium beneath said chamber, a lower door having a central outlet space or opening, air ducts lead-A ing from said space or opening and also proinclined from the side walls to the center and forming a'central outlet space or opening and lateral Y air-duets, a gutter attached to said floor and extending beneath the latter, air outlet iiues into which said air-duets open, said lower vioorhaving alternately-arranged openings into said air-ducts at the outer ends of the latter, adjacent to the side walls'of the building, substantially as set forth.

In testimony whereof we have signed this specification in the presence of two subscribing witnesses.

WILLIAM G. GALLOWAY. W'ILLIAIWI A. LEARY.

Witnesses:

EDw. R. BAIRD, Jr., J. W. WILLCOX.

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