US537008A - Apparatus - Google Patents
Apparatus Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US537008A US537008A US537008DA US537008A US 537008 A US537008 A US 537008A US 537008D A US537008D A US 537008DA US 537008 A US537008 A US 537008A
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- tank
- work
- conductor
- positive
- negative
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 description 51
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 12
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 10
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 10
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 10
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 9
- CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sodium Carbonate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]C([O-])=O CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 3
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000005192 partition Methods 0.000 description 3
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005242 forging Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 description 2
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 230000035939 shock Effects 0.000 description 2
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- NLXLAEXVIDQMFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia chloride Chemical compound [NH4+].[Cl-] NLXLAEXVIDQMFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 206010037660 Pyrexia Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000009825 accumulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000019270 ammonium chloride Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005868 electrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000016337 monopotassium tartrate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229920000136 polysorbate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- KYKNRZGSIGMXFH-ZVGUSBNCSA-M potassium bitartrate Chemical compound [K+].OC(=O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)C([O-])=O KYKNRZGSIGMXFH-ZVGUSBNCSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000284 resting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000007493 shaping process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
- F27D—DETAILS OR ACCESSORIES OF FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS OR RETORTS, IN SO FAR AS THEY ARE OF KINDS OCCURRING IN MORE THAN ONE KIND OF FURNACE
- F27D11/00—Arrangement of elements for electric heating in or on furnaces
- F27D11/02—Ohmic resistance heating
- F27D11/04—Ohmic resistance heating with direct passage of current through the material being heated
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
- F27B—FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS OR RETORTS IN GENERAL; OPEN SINTERING OR LIKE APPARATUS
- F27B14/00—Crucible or pot furnaces
- F27B14/06—Crucible or pot furnaces heated electrically, e.g. induction crucible furnaces with or without any other source of heat
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
- F27B—FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS OR RETORTS IN GENERAL; OPEN SINTERING OR LIKE APPARATUS
- F27B3/00—Hearth-type furnaces, e.g. of reverberatory type; Electric arc furnaces ; Tank furnaces
- F27B3/10—Details, accessories or equipment, e.g. dust-collectors, specially adapted for hearth-type furnaces
- F27B3/20—Arrangements of heating devices
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
- Y02B70/00—Technologies for an efficient end-user side electric power management and consumption
- Y02B70/30—Systems integrating technologies related to power network operation and communication or information technologies for improving the carbon footprint of the management of residential or tertiary loads, i.e. smart grids as climate change mitigation technology in the buildings sector, including also the last stages of power distribution and the control, monitoring or operating management systems at local level
- Y02B70/3225—Demand response systems, e.g. load shedding, peak shaving
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y04—INFORMATION OR COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES HAVING AN IMPACT ON OTHER TECHNOLOGY AREAS
- Y04S—SYSTEMS INTEGRATING TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO POWER NETWORK OPERATION, COMMUNICATION OR INFORMATION TECHNOLOGIES FOR IMPROVING THE ELECTRICAL POWER GENERATION, TRANSMISSION, DISTRIBUTION, MANAGEMENT OR USAGE, i.e. SMART GRIDS
- Y04S20/00—Management or operation of end-user stationary applications or the last stages of power distribution; Controlling, monitoring or operating thereof
- Y04S20/20—End-user application control systems
- Y04S20/222—Demand response systems, e.g. load shedding, peak shaving
Definitions
- This invention relates to the heating of metal by electricity for forging, shaping, riveting or welding operations.
- the invention consists in an apparatus as hereinafter described and claimed in which the working circuits are so arranged in connection with the main circuit and the resistance that the latter will be automatically cut out while the work is being heated and thrown no in when the Work is withdrawn, said resist ance serving as a cushion to absorb the sudden shock incident to the removal of the work.
- the conductor 10 is connected with the positive pole of an electric converter, dynamo, storage battery or other suitable source of electricity, and the conductor 11 is connected 0 with the negative pole of the same source,
- a rheostat may be disposed in the main circuit, a portion of the conductor 10 being broken out to receive it, or the rheostat 3 5 may be dispensed with.
- a high resistance tank for containing a liquid resistance has a positive pole plate or terminal 31 suspended at one end and a negative pole plate or terminal 32 at the other end.
- the positive terminal 31 is connected with the positive conductor 10 of the main circuit by the wire 33, and the negative plate 32 is connected with the negative conductor 11 of the main circuit by a wire 34.
- the positive 5 and negative plates may be composed of lead, or other suitable material,preferably such as will not decompose under the action of the current and liquid, and the resistance in the tank consists of water or other suitable liquid.
- a low resistance tank 40 for containing a liquid resistance, has suspended therein a positive plate or terminal 41 disposed at one side of the tank, and a negative plate or terminal 42 disposed at the opposite side of the tank, said plate 42 being connected by a conductor 43 with the negative conductor 11 of the main circuit.
- the positive and negative plates of this tank may be composed of lead or other suitable material, and the solution into which said plates depend is preferably composed of water with sufficient soda to bring its specific gravity to 1.080 at 60 Fahrenheit. Any other suitable liquid may be employed, the resistance of which is less than that of tank 30.
- One of the work circuits of this apparatus comprises a wire 50 connected at one end with the positive plate 31 of the resistance tank 30, and a conductor 51 connected at one end with the negative plate 41 of the resistance tank 40.
- a work-holder is connected with the outer end of the conductor 50, and a carbon holder is connected with the outer end of the conductor 51.
- the work-holder comprises a clamp 52 and a work-plate 53 engaged by said clamp, said plate 53 resting ,on an insulated block or support 54:.
- the carbon holder 55 comprises an insulated handle 56 and a sleeve 57 in which a carbon pencil 58 is clamped.
- the work is placed on a work-plate 53 and re ceives the current through said plate, delivering said current into the carbon pencil of the pencil holder through the arc formed be tween said pencil and the work.
- Another work circuit comprises a conductor 60 connected with the positive conductor 10 of the main circuit at the point where it connects with the conductor 33, and a conductor 61 connected with the negative conductor 11 of the main circuit at the point where the conductor 43 connects therewith.
- the outer end of the oond uctor 60 is connected with a positive plate 71 disposed in a work tank 70.
- This tank contains a solution of equal parts of sal soda and cream of tartar of the specific gravity of 1.255 at 77 Fahrenheit, or a solution of any other suitable liquid may be employed, preferably a solution containing a chemical salt.
- the solution should be one, however, which is capable of developinghydrogen gas around the metal while being heated, either by the accumulation of the gas by decomposition of the fluid by electrolysis around the heating metal, or by the deposit of the hydrogen from the opposite electrode around it as the heating process is going on.
- This tank is provided with a vertical porous partition 73 which permits the passage of the electric current and protects the positive plate from contact with the work.
- the tank is also preferably provided at the side opposite the positive plate with a rest 75 for supporting the work tongs or clamps 80, said rest comprising a bar of insulated material attached by brackets to the side of the tank.
- the work, as 100 is placed in connection with the conductor by means of the work plate 58 and clamp 52, or other suitable means, and the carbon holder is so manipulated by the operator who grasps the handle thereof, as to bring the carbon pencil 58 in contact with the work for an instant, to complete the circuit.
- the holder is then moved so as to withdraw said carbon pencil a sufficient distance to establish the required voltaic are between said pencil and the work.
- the current then passes from the positive conductor 10 through the conductor 83 to the positive plate 31, thence through the conductor 50 to the work-holderand the work, thence to the carbon pencil, forming a voltaic are between said pencil and the work, thence through the carbon holder to the conductor 51, thence through said conductor to the positive plate 41 of the resistance tank 4:0, thence through the liquid in said tank to the negative plate 42, and thence through the conductor 13 to the negative conductor 11 of the main circuit.
- the carbon holder is manipulated by the operator so as to bring the arc to any desired point on the work.
- the rheostat 20 may be used for regulating the amount of current desired for the work.
- the tank 40 serves to absorb the electric shocks incident to the sudden breakage of the are.
- the polarity of the carbon and work-holders is as above described, but for zinc, copper and other metals which heat at a low temperature the current may be reversed, in which case the positive conductors become negative and the negative positive, and the carbon pencil becomes positive and the work-holder negative.
- the current passes from the positive conductor 10 through the conductor 60 to the positive plate 71 in the tank 70, thence into the solution in said tank and through the porous partition 73, thence from said so lution to the work, as supported in the workholder 80.
- an arc is formed below the level of the solution around said work, or the portion thereof to be heated.
- the current then passes through the work-holder and thence through the conductorGl to the negative conductor 11 of the main circuit.
- the voltaic are formed around the work tends to quickly heat said work, and when the forging temperature is reached the work-holder is withdrawn from the tank and the current is shortcircuited through the tank 32 and conductor 34.
- the partition 73 in the working tank serves to prevent contact of the work or workholder with the positive plate 71. The polarity may be reversed in this case if desired.
- the tank 30 has sufficient resistance to keep up the required current pressure to operate the working circuit 60-61. ⁇ Vhen the current in said working circuit is broken this tank short circuits the current and absorbs the shock incident to the breakage of said working circuit.
- the tank 40 disposed in the work circuit 5051 serves as a primary cushion for said circuit during the working thereof, while the tank 30 serves as a secondary cushion for said circuit as a short circuiting device when the current of said circuit is broken.
- This arrangement and connection of the circuits avoids the use of two separate tanks of different resistances for each working circuit as is shown in our Patent No. 488,469 and yet secures the advantage of the double resistance tank for one of the working circuits.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Control Of Resistance Heating (AREA)
Description
(N0 Model.)
G. D. BURTON & E. E. ANGELL.
ELECTRIC METAL HEATING APPARATUS.
No. 537,008. Patented Apr. 9, 1895.
H1012 o@p 61 6230685198; ggfw ww, f5 6 i w UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.
GEORGE D. BURTON, OF BOSTON, AND EDW'IN E. ANGELL, OF SOMERVILLE, MASSACHUSETTS, ASSIGNORS, BY MESNE ASSIGNMENTS, TO SAID BURTON.
ELECTRIC METAL-HEATING APPARATUS.
SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent N 0. 537,008, dated April 9, 1895.
Original pp i n l September 5, 1892; Serial No. 445,148. -Divided and this application filed October 11,1894. Serial No.
' 525,623. (No model.)
To aZZ whom it may concern.-
Be it known that we, GEORGE DEXTER Boa TON, residing at Boston,in the county of Suffolk, and EDWIN ELLIOTT ANGELL, residing at Somerville, in the county of Middlesex, in the State of Massachusetts, citizens of the United States of America, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Electric Metal-Heating Apparatus, of which the fol- 1o lowing is a specification. r
This invention relates to the heating of metal by electricity for forging, shaping, riveting or welding operations.
The invention consists in an apparatus as hereinafter described and claimed in which the working circuits are so arranged in connection with the main circuit and the resistance that the latter will be automatically cut out while the work is being heated and thrown no in when the Work is withdrawn, said resist ance serving as a cushion to absorb the sudden shock incident to the removal of the work.
The accompanying drawing represents this improved electric metal heating apparatus 2 5 partly in plan and partly in perspective.
The conductor 10 is connected with the positive pole of an electric converter, dynamo, storage battery or other suitable source of electricity, and the conductor 11 is connected 0 with the negative pole of the same source,
these conductors constituting the main circuit. A rheostat may be disposed in the main circuit, a portion of the conductor 10 being broken out to receive it, or the rheostat 3 5 may be dispensed with.
A high resistance tank for containing a liquid resistance has a positive pole plate or terminal 31 suspended at one end and a negative pole plate or terminal 32 at the other end.
0 The positive terminal 31 is connected with the positive conductor 10 of the main circuit by the wire 33, and the negative plate 32 is connected with the negative conductor 11 of the main circuit by a wire 34. The positive 5 and negative plates may be composed of lead, or other suitable material,preferably such as will not decompose under the action of the current and liquid, and the resistance in the tank consists of water or other suitable liquid.
We have used as a resistance liquid a weak solution of sal ammoniac, or a weak solution of soda.
A low resistance tank 40, for containing a liquid resistance, has suspended therein a positive plate or terminal 41 disposed at one side of the tank, and a negative plate or terminal 42 disposed at the opposite side of the tank, said plate 42 being connected by a conductor 43 with the negative conductor 11 of the main circuit. The positive and negative plates of this tank may be composed of lead or other suitable material, and the solution into which said plates depend is preferably composed of water with sufficient soda to bring its specific gravity to 1.080 at 60 Fahrenheit. Any other suitable liquid may be employed, the resistance of which is less than that of tank 30.
One of the work circuits of this apparatus comprises a wire 50 connected at one end with the positive plate 31 of the resistance tank 30, and a conductor 51 connected at one end with the negative plate 41 of the resistance tank 40. A work-holder is connected with the outer end of the conductor 50, and a carbon holder is connected with the outer end of the conductor 51. In the instance illustrated in the drawing, the work-holder comprises a clamp 52 and a work-plate 53 engaged by said clamp, said plate 53 resting ,on an insulated block or support 54:.
The carbon holder 55 comprises an insulated handle 56 and a sleeve 57 in which a carbon pencil 58 is clamped. In this case the work is placed on a work-plate 53 and re ceives the current through said plate, delivering said current into the carbon pencil of the pencil holder through the arc formed be tween said pencil and the work. Another work circuit comprises a conductor 60 connected with the positive conductor 10 of the main circuit at the point where it connects with the conductor 33, and a conductor 61 connected with the negative conductor 11 of the main circuit at the point where the conductor 43 connects therewith. The outer end of the oond uctor 60 is connected with a positive plate 71 disposed in a work tank 70. This tank contains a solution of equal parts of sal soda and cream of tartar of the specific gravity of 1.255 at 77 Fahrenheit, or a solution of any other suitable liquid may be employed, preferably a solution containing a chemical salt. The solution should be one, however, which is capable of developinghydrogen gas around the metal while being heated, either by the accumulation of the gas by decomposition of the fluid by electrolysis around the heating metal, or by the deposit of the hydrogen from the opposite electrode around it as the heating process is going on. This tank is provided with a vertical porous partition 73 which permits the passage of the electric current and protects the positive plate from contact with the work. The tank is also preferably provided at the side opposite the positive plate with a rest 75 for supporting the work tongs or clamps 80, said rest comprising a bar of insulated material attached by brackets to the side of the tank.
In the use of the working circuitat the right of the figure, the work, as 100, is placed in connection with the conductor by means of the work plate 58 and clamp 52, or other suitable means, and the carbon holder is so manipulated by the operator who grasps the handle thereof, as to bring the carbon pencil 58 in contact with the work for an instant, to complete the circuit. The holder is then moved so as to withdraw said carbon pencil a sufficient distance to establish the required voltaic are between said pencil and the work. The current then passes from the positive conductor 10 through the conductor 83 to the positive plate 31, thence through the conductor 50 to the work-holderand the work, thence to the carbon pencil, forming a voltaic are between said pencil and the work, thence through the carbon holder to the conductor 51, thence through said conductor to the positive plate 41 of the resistance tank 4:0, thence through the liquid in said tank to the negative plate 42, and thence through the conductor 13 to the negative conductor 11 of the main circuit. The carbon holder is manipulated by the operator so as to bring the arc to any desired point on the work. The rheostat 20 may be used for regulating the amount of current desired for the work. The tank 40 serves to absorb the electric shocks incident to the sudden breakage of the are.
In heating metals requiring a high tempera ture, such as iron and steel, the polarity of the carbon and work-holders is as above described, but for zinc, copper and other metals which heat at a low temperature the current may be reversed, in which case the positive conductors become negative and the negative positive, and the carbon pencil becomes positive and the work-holder negative.
In using the working circuit at the left of the figure, the current passes from the positive conductor 10 through the conductor 60 to the positive plate 71 in the tank 70, thence into the solution in said tank and through the porous partition 73, thence from said so lution to the work, as supported in the workholder 80. In passing from the liquid to the work, an arc is formed below the level of the solution around said work, or the portion thereof to be heated. The current then passes through the work-holder and thence through the conductorGl to the negative conductor 11 of the main circuit. The voltaic are formed around the work tends to quickly heat said work, and when the forging temperature is reached the work-holder is withdrawn from the tank and the current is shortcircuited through the tank 32 and conductor 34. The partition 73 in the working tank serves to prevent contact of the work or workholder with the positive plate 71. The polarity may be reversed in this case if desired.
The tank 30 has sufficient resistance to keep up the required current pressure to operate the working circuit 60-61. \Vhen the current in said working circuit is broken this tank short circuits the current and absorbs the shock incident to the breakage of said working circuit.
The tank 40 disposed in the work circuit 5051 serves as a primary cushion for said circuit during the working thereof, while the tank 30 serves as a secondary cushion for said circuit as a short circuiting device when the current of said circuit is broken. This arrangement and connection of the circuits avoids the use of two separate tanks of different resistances for each working circuit as is shown in our Patent No. 488,469 and yet secures the advantage of the double resistance tank for one of the working circuits.
This application is a division of our application, Serial No. 445,148, filed September 5, 1892.
WVe claim as our invention- 1. In an electric metal heating apparatus, the combination of the main circuit conductors, a resistance tank, as 30, whereof the positive and negative plates are respectively connected to said main circuit conductors, and a working circuit whereof one conductor is connected with one terminal of said resistance tank and the other conductor is connected with one of the main conductors.
2. In an electric metal heating apparatus, the combination of the main circuit conductors, a high resistance tank, as 30, whereof the positive and negative plates are respectively connected to said main circuit conductors, aworking circuit whereof one conductor is connected with one terminal of said resistance tank and the other conductor is connected with one of the main conductors, and a low resistance tank, as 40, disposed in said working circuit. Y
3. In an electric metal heating apparatus, the combination of the main circuit conductors, a resistance tank, as 30, whereof the positive and negative plates are respectively connected to said main circuit conductors, two working circuits, one of the conductors of one of said circuits being connected with one of said main conductors, and the other with one terminal of said tank, and the conductors connected with the positive plates of said of the other working circuit being connected tanks, and a working circuit whereof the condirectly with the main circuit conductors. ductors are connected directly with the main 4. In an electric metal heating apparatus, conductors. 5 the combination of two main conductors, a
resistance tank, as 30, whereof the positive fgggt and negative plates are connected with said conductors, a second resistance tank, as 40, Witnesses:
connected with the negative main conductor, W. D. EATON, 15- a working circuit whereof the conductors are J. A. STROUT.
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| US537008A true US537008A (en) | 1895-04-09 |
Family
ID=2605769
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| US537008D Expired - Lifetime US537008A (en) | Apparatus |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US537008A (en) |
-
0
- US US537008D patent/US537008A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
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