US527411A - Coal-breaker - Google Patents

Description

E. B'. com. GOAL BREAKER.

(No ModeL) No. 527,411'. Patented' Oct. 16,1894.

'UNITED i STATES dParietti* GFFICE.

EcKLnY B. coXn, or DRIFTON, PENNSYLVANIA.

COAL-BREAKER.

SPECIFICATION forming partof Letters Patent No. 527,411, dated October 16, 1894.

Application tiled May 1'7J 1894. Serial No. 511.551. (No modelJ To a/ZZ wiz/dm it may concern,.-

Beit known that I, ECKLEY B. OOXE, a citizen of the United States, residing at Drifton, in the county of Luzerne and State of Pennsylvania, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Coal-Breakers, of which the following is a specification.

This invention relates to methods of and apparatus for breaking coal,lthe object of the invention being to furnish an improved method and apparatus whereby lumps of anthracite and other coal may be effectively broken or reduced to required sizes and at the same time obviate the waste consequent to methods and apparatus in common use. To accomplish this end I employ means whereby the lumps of coal are made to have a traveling movement of predetermined maximum velocity and whereby the lumps are grasped sidewise and broken up while in motion without affecting or impeding their velocity or traveling movement, as will be hereinafter described.

In the drawing accompanying and forming part of this specification, I have shown in sectional side elevation one form of apparatus embodying my present invention, said figure illustrating the method .of breaking coal in accordance with this invention.

In the method of breaking coal as heretofore practiced, it has been customary to feed the coal through a chute or hopper in a continuous stream directly and indiscriminately to the break-rolls without due regard to the separation of thelumps of coal or to theirvelocity, as compared with the peripheral velocity of the break-rolls, and after being subjected to the action of the rolls, the coal was delivered to a rigid metallic or wooden chute or spout set below said rolls atan inclination to a horizontal line, whence it was carried 0E. Owing to their brittle nature, the lumps of coal, when striking against each other and against the teeth of the rolls while being fed thereto, are chipped or have relatively small fragments broken off. This fractional disintegration or chipping oft of small fragments is further augmented as the coal drops from the rolls upon the rigid chute, and in striking each other as they slide down said chute. Thisfragmental breaking up or partial disintegration of the coal, while rela- ;tional breakage or wa'ste, from an economi- 1 cal standpoint, is of aspecial value in the art; and it is the chief object of my present invention to produce the best practicable ren suits in the breaking of the coal with the least possible amount of waste, to secure the greatest output of coal of marketable sizes from a given quantity of coal in its unbroken condition.

The coal-breaking apparatus shown in the drawing consists of a frame A, which maybe of any suitable construction for carrying the operative parts, two adjacent break-rolls B and B revolubly connected for coincident movement, two carriers or conveyers C and C', one of which is located with its discharge end above and remote from the break-rolls and is adapted for delivering the lumps of coal to4 the break-rolls with a falling movement of predetermined velocity, and the other of which is located with its receiving end below the break-rolls, and is adapted for disseminating the broken coal, spreading it in a thin layer as it drops from the rolls and for carrying the same away, and means for rotating the break-rolls at a peripheral velocity equal to the velocity of the falling coal and for imparting a traveling movement to one or both of the two` conveyers, as will be hereinafter more fully described.

The break-rolls B and B', which may be of any usual or suitable form, are herein shown as the ordinary iiutedm rolls with V-shaped breaking-ribs or teeth 6, said rolls being shown carried by horizontally disposed shafts 2 and 2 'journaled in bearings 3 and 3 upon the frame A and connected together for coincident movement by intermeshing gear-wheels 4 and 4', which gear-wheels are or may be securedto the shafts 2 and 2 in any suitable manner. A

hopper 7 is shown provided with its discharge end adjacent to the upper edges of the rolls and in position to insure the delivery of the lumps of coal between the rolls in case any of the lumps should be accidentally thrown out of alignment with the breakingfaces o f said rolls.

In the .form thereof herein shown, the two conveyers C and C are in the nature of endless traveling belts,rthe one C being located with its discharge end 8 above and remote from the two break-rolls B and B', said endless conveyer being carried over pulleys or rollers 9 and 9 secured to shafts 10 and 10 1o respectively, the shaft 10 in the organization herein shown, constituting the main driving shaft. The conveyer C is located with its receiving end 1l below and in near proximity to the break-rolls B and BLthis conveyerbelt C being carried over the pulleys or rollers12 yand12 secured upon the shafts 13 and 13. .The shafts 10 and 10, 13 and 13 will,

in practice be supported in suitable bearings at their ends which bearings may be securedl zo to or form a part of the frame Work A, a portion, only, of which frame work is shown in the drawing.

v In the drawing the rolls B and B', and the two conveyers O and C are shown driven from z5 the main shaft 10, said shaft being driven by means of a belt 14 extending over a pulley upon the main shaft and extendingV to any suitable source of power. belt 15 extends from the pulley 16 upon the 3o main shaft over a pulley 17 upon the shaft13 of, and imparts a traveling movement to, the conveyer C and another belt 18 extends from a pulley 19 upon the main shaft over a pulley y2O upon the break-roll shaft 2 and furnishes'power for driving the two break-rolls.

lumps ofcoal 24 from hopper or chute 21, lo-

cated adjacent to the receiving end ofsaid conveyer, and will in practice preferably be set at an inclination to a horizontal line,as

illustrated in the drawing, with its discharge 5o endy just far enough 'above the break-rolls,

that when a lump of coal 24 fallsfrom the n discharge end of the belt it will. descend with an increasing velocity, the maximum of which velocity (or its velocity when it. reaches the break-rolls at 24",) shall equal, or approximately equal, the peripheral velocity of the feed rolls, which rolls will in practice be ro-. tated at a certain given peripheral velocity.V

The coincidence in lvelocity of the falling coal 6o at-thetime it reaches the rolls, and Vthe pe.

ripheral velocity of said rolls may be readily established after the well known manner of measuring thel velocities of falling and revolving bodies, theV distance through which the coal travels after leaving the feed-conveyer being gaged by the height of the feed- (Not shown.) A`

conveyer with relation to the break-rolls, to insure a maximum velocity to the lumps of coal,`which will coincide with the peripheral velocity of the break-rolls.

By the employment of a continuously trav eling belt, as shown and described, for feeding the lumps of coal to the break-rolls, the

arately and with uniform speed, and in consequence of the acquired velocity of each lump, when it reaches the break-rolls, being substantiallyrequal'to the peripheral velocity of said rolls', said lump does not strike a blow against the teeth of the rolls as it enters the same, but is grasped sidewise by the rolls, broken thereby, and carried throughrsaid rolls without affecting or decreasing the velocity acquired by said lump before entering the rolls. Thus it will be seen that the lumps are successively and separately subjectedto the action of the break-rolls, (one lump being broken before the next succeeding lump enters the rolls,) thus preventingthe liability of crowding the rolls by feeding the coal faster than the rolls can break it, and also obviating fractional'breakage, by preventing the lumpsfrom striking against Veach other and againstthe teeth of the rolls while being fed thereto.

Another important factor in my present invention is'the means employed for carrying off the coal from therolls after it has been reduced to marketable sizes and forpreventing fractional breakage or partial disintegration during this operation. This means cousists of the discharge conveyer C and its driving mechanism. This, discharge conveyer C which, as before stated, is 'in the nature of an endless belt', will havejsu'fcient resiliency or flexibility to yield slightly as the broken coal drops upon it from the breakrolls, 13,13.

To insure the carrying off of the broken coal as fast as it is delivered from between the break-rolls, and at the same time spread the coal in a thin layer, as at 25, preferably one lumpthick, to thereby prevent the lumps of coal from striking each other as they are delivered to the. discharge-conveyer, said conveyer will have a continuous traveling move- Y- elasticity of the discharge-conveyer, will not jbe broken or chipped as `they are. delivered from thebreak-rolls, as they do not strike a rigid surface and are not allowed to come in contact with one another either as they are delivered upon the conveyer or while lumps of coal are delivered to the rolls sepment imparted to it in excess'of the travel-l IOO being carried forward by the conveyer, which is a great desideratum as the coal cannot in any possible manner be injuriously affected while being carried away from the rolls thus obviating the loss sustained by coal-breaking apparatus of ordinary construction employing rigid metallic chutes orspouts for discharging the coal after it leaves the breakrolls.

Having thus described my invention, I claimt l. The herein described apparatus' for breaking coal, it consisting of tWo remotelydisposed conveyors, one of which constitutes the feed-conveyer and is located with its delivering end above a pair of break-rolls, and the other of which constitutes the dischargeconveyer and is located with its receiving end below said break-rolls, a pair of break-rolls intermediate to said conveyers, means for rotating said rolls at a given velocity, and means for imparting a traveling movement to the feed-conveyer so as to deliver the coal to the break-rolls at a maximum velocity coinciding with the peripheral velocity of said breakrolls, substantially as described.

2. The herein described apparatus for breaking coal, it consisting of two coal-breaking rolls supported for coincident rotation upon a suitable vframe-Work, a coal-feeding conveyer supported with its discharge-end above and adjacent to the coal-breaking rolls, a yielding discharge-conveyer located with its receiving-end below and adjacent to said rolls, and means for rotating said rolls and for imparting a traveling movement to the two conveyors at such predetermined velocity that the feed-conveyer will be adapted for delivering coal to the break-rolls at a velocity substantially coinciding with the peripheral velocity of said rolls, substantially as described and for the purpose set forth.

3. In a coal-breakin g apparatus, the combination with a pair of coal-breaking rolls and With means for driving said coal-breaking rolls at a predetermined peripheral velocity, of an endless carrier or conveyerlocated with its discharge-end above, remote from and in substantial alignment with the adjacent faces of said rolls, and means for imparting a travi eling movement to said conveyer of such velocity relative to the peripheral velocity of the break-rolls as to secure to the coal delivered from said feed-conveyer to the break-rolls a velocity substantially coinciding with the peripheral velocity of said break-rolls, substantially as described and for the purpose set forth.

4. In a coal-breaking apparatus, a pair of break-rolls, in combination with a conveyer having its discharge-end above and remote from said rolls and adapted for delivering the lumps of coal with a falling movement and at an approximately-predetermined velocity to the break-rolls, and means forimpartinga peripheral-.velocity to the break-rolls, substantally equal to the maximum velocity acquired by the falling coal when the same reaches the rolls, substantially as described and for the purpose set forth.

5. In a coal-breaking apparatus, in combination, a pair of break-rolls, a feed-conveyer located with its delivering end above and in substantial alignment with the breaking faces of the rolls, a yieldingconveyer located below said rolls and means for actuatipg said rolls and conveyers, substantially as described and for the purpose set forth.

6. 1n a coal-breaking apparatus, the combination with a pair of break-rolls driven at a given peripheral velocity, of means adapted for delivering lumps of coal separately and successively to the rolls by a falling movement of a maximum velocity equal to the peripheral velocity of the rolls, and means for receiving, spreading and carrying forward the coal as it is discharged from the rolls, subtantially as described and for the purpose set orth.

7. In a coal-breaking apparatus, the combination with a pair of coal breaking rolls adapted for rotating at a given peripheral velocity, of an endless traveling feed-conveyer located with its delivering end above its receiving end and above the break-rolls and means for imparting a traveling movement to said conveyer so as to deliver thecoal to the break-rolls at a maximum 'velocity coinciding with the peripheral velocity of said breakrolls, substantially as described and for the purpose set forth. m

8. In a coal-breaking apparatus, in combination, a pair of coal-breaking rolls, means for rotating said rolls at a given peripheral velocity, an endless traveling feed-conveyer located with its delivering end above its receiving-end and above the break-rolls, means for imparting a traveling movement to said conveyerat such velocity relatively to the peripheral velocity of the break-rolls as to deliver coal to the break-rolls at a maximum velocity IDI;

IIO

coinciding With the peripheral velocity ofthe i fectiug their maximum velocity, substantially as described and for the purpose set forth.

10. The herein described method of breaking coal, it consisting in imparting a traveling movement to the lumps of coal and feeding them separately and successively With a falling movement at a predetermined maxi- .f mi@ es mum velocityfto apa'l; of b ea, l i ,Q tf1 ingY said break-rolls at@ pnipheaiivelccity coinciding with Lthebmaximum YelqoityF lumps of coal asthey.sucessive1y-eah the 5 rolls, so as torg'asp 'and break said llin'fips withg y out decreasing their xelpitx; @ns1 ;SubSe-f i l quently receiving, spreading and carrying

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