US51261A - Improvement in magnetic telegraphs - Google Patents

Description

MAGNETIC TBLBGRAPH.

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

OHAS. KIROHHOF, OF NEWARK, NEW JERSEY, ASSIGNOR TO HIMSELF AND LEONARD I.

srIAEs'rEY.

IMPROVEMENT IN MAGNETlC TELEGRAPHS.

Specication formingpart of Letters Patent No. 51,@61, dated November 2S, 1865.

'and to the letters of reference marked thereon.

The nature of my invention consists, rst, in the construction of an instrumentloy which communications may be transmitted to indicate the changes or variations that take place in any body or thing, and, second, in arrangy. ing the receiving instrument to be set or properly adjusted by the action of the transmitting instrument.

The 'principle of my invention consistsin applying the electric current or currents to the helix or helices of the receiving-instrument in two directions, and in such a manner that, as the variations to be indicated advance or retrograde from a fixed or fgiven point, state or condition the operation of the mechanism shall be made to undergo a corresponding automatic change for the purpose of correctly indicating or recording said variations.

To enable others skilled in the arts to construct and operate my iuvention,ll will proceed to describe it. 1 Figures 1 and 2 represent aV receiving-instrument constructed on the plan of my invention, and Fig. 3 is a modification of the same. Fig. et represents a transmitting-instrument to be used in connection therewith, and forming a part of my invention..

lu Fig. 7 I have represented the Stoehrer relay-magnet, used for receiving messages by a double-recording instrument, an d which consists of two permanenthorseshoefmagnets, arranged parallel with each other, as shown by O and P of Fig. G, and having their poles reversed, O indicating the positive pole of the one on the right, and B the positive pole of the one on theleft, as shown in Fig. 6, O and l? indicating their negative poles. Midway hetween and parallel with these two permanent magnets is placed a temporary magnet of the ordinary construction, the helix of which is connected with the battery, so that any eurrent sent therefrom must atect it. Between the two arms of 'the permanent magnet on the right a bar, G, is pivoted p at top andbottom. Bigidly attached to this bar G are two arms, N and S', which project laterally far enough to bring their ends directly opposite the face of the polesot the temporary magnet, as clearly shown in Fig. Il, the permanentmagnet on the left being similarly provided with a pivoted bar, H, having the arms S2 and N2 attached thereto in the manner already described. An arm or pin, p, projects from the pivoted bar G on the inside, at right angle to the arms N and S', asimilar arm,p, being attached to bar EI ou the left, and to the inner ends of these arms pand p a spiral spring, R, is attached, which, by drawing the two arms inward toward each other, serves to keep the arms S and N on the right, and S2 and N2 on the left, thrown out away from the poles of the temporary magnet, except when attracted thereto by the current of electricity. These parts constitute the Stoehrer instrument, which l propose to use in connection with certain other improvements and deviceshereinafter explained.

lEig. 2 represents my improved indicatinginstrument, of which Ais the frame and B the driving-wheel, operated by a weight or spring in the usual manner. Above the wheel B is located a shaft, a, provided with a small wheel (not shown) into which wheel B gears. An escape-wheel is secured upon the same shaft having but a small number of arms or points,

one of 4which is represented by b. The end of shaft a protrudes through the frame A, and upon this shaft in front of the frame is pivoted the oscillating plate c, to which are securedthe reversing gear-wheels e, d, and e, to which motion is imparted by the wheel c secured rigidly upon the outer'end of shaft a, as shown. The wheels e and e" are so located that they are alternately thro-wn in and out of gear with the wheel or dislrC, according as the plate c is moved or made to oscillate in one or the other direction, as hereinafter described.

Any other reversing mechanism may be used instead of that here described, and made to produce the same result.

By these means the disk G may be made to revolve in either direction at pleasure, and the pointer f, which is rigidly connected thereto, will. be moved with it and made to pass by and point lto a series of numbers, characters,

or signs arranged in a circle around the disk one or the other direction,which may be done by attaching a cord, Z', to the style l), and having` the opposite end ot' the cord attached to and winding` around thejournal or pivot ot' the indexf, as shown in Fig.2, or by any similar device. It' the style D be used, itV should lie-provided with a series ot numbers, characters, or signs, which will thus pass or re-pass' a stationary index, or it may beprovided with an index or pointer, g, or pencitpoint, which shall rub against the surface ot' the cylinder E, which may be operated by any suitable clock-work. By this last means the pencilpoint will be iliade to trace upon the surface ot' ,the cylinder lil a line which shall exactly represent or record the uiidulations or movements ofthe index or pencil g.

A rock-shaft, F, is mounted in bearings above the rela y-magnet (already rel'erred to) in such a manner that it shall have a slight toand-fro movement when desired, and Vto the en'd of this shaft F is secured a pallet, h, so

located as to engage with the arms or points b of the escape-wheel, and thus regulate the movements of the latter, as shown in Fig. 2.

To the center of rock-shaft F is rigidly se` 'point said rod terminates in a curved flat piece, 7.', shown in dotted lines on disk C. In this piece k a notch is made, as shown in Fi g. 5, into which a pin projecting fromthe rear face of disk C enters when the disk is rotated in the direction of the black arrow, and as the pin enters the notch it moves the rod j, and with it the shaft F, a short distance to the right, whereby the arm t' with its cross-head is moved so far to the right that it can only be hit by the pin a2 on arm N', the rotation of The disk C and index f being arrested at the same instant bythe pin on the back of the disk entering the notch in 7.', as already described.

From the front ot' the upright rock-shafts G and Hproject, in a horizontal position, two rigid arms, Z and m, one from each, which arms serve to move the rod a to the right or lett, as one or the other of them may be operated; and this rod a, bein g pivoted at one end, to the oscillating plate c, serves to throw the reversing gear-wheels e and e, in or out of gear with disk G, and thus cause the latter to rotate in one or the other direction, according as rod a is moved to the right or left, and thus the disk C is caused to automatically chan ge the reversing-gear, by which the disk is made to rotate to the right or to the lett.

When the current is sent in one direction, the magnet l I will operate the shaft G by means ot' the arms N and S', in which case the rod nv will be shoved to the left by arm l, and the disk G made to rotate iii-the direction indicated by the red arrow. Then the current is sent in'the opposite direction the arms S2 and N2 will be operated bythe magnet I I',4

in which case rod a will be' shoved to the right, thereby causing` the disk C to rotate in the reverse direct-ion, as indicated by the black arrow, it being understood that said disk C can make but a single revolution in either direction, when it is stopped by the pin on'the back thereof coming in contact with the piece k attached to rod j.

Upon shaft F is loosely pivoted another lever, i2, which, when shaft F is moved to the right, is brought into position to be operated by thepin aZ attached to arm s2. By means of this lever i2 communications of the ordinary cha acter mayl be transmitted at pleasure without in any manner interfering with theindicating-instrumcnt shown in Fig. 2, the latter remaining ready for instant use whenever desired.

Fig. 8 represents a modilication of the indicating-instrument already described. J repa wheel or disk provided with ratchet-teeth on its periphery. An oscillating armature, K, is operated by two magnets or helices, and to this armature K is pivoted two pawls, so arranged that when the current is sent to one ot the magnets the pawls on that side shall be made to operate the disk J and cause it to rotateiu one direction, and when sent into the opposite magnet the corresponding pawl shall be operated, thereby causing` the disk to rotate in an opposite direction. It is obvious that many modifications of these devices may be adopted without at all attecting thc result, or changing the principle ot' its operation.

Fig. 4 represents a transinittiiig-instrument also made on Stoehrers plan, with an improvement ot' my invention added, to adaptit to the purposes of this invention. L'L are the contact-plates, forming the poles ot' the battery M, and o o are the two keys, connected one to each end of the line lip/,and'resting upon a plate, q', upon which they are held down by a spring underneath their front ends. This implement I have improved by the addition of an automatic mechanism eonsistingvof the vertical bar r, easily movable up and down in suitable bearings s s', the lower one of which is provi-ded with a slot of suflicient length to permit the bar r to' move laterally therein from one to the other of the keys o o', and thereby cause a contact of either of said keys with the plate q. The bar r is held up by a spring, h', and is forced down upon either of the keys o or o' by the teeth on wheel N, ac-

cording as the latter is turned in one or the. other direction, the teeth pressing against aV roller, u, secured to the-bar r. The wheel or disk N is provided with a series of numbers,

characters, or signs corresponding with those on the indicating-instrument shown in Fig. 2,

which are brought successively under the index or pointer u secured to bar r, asshown in Fig. 4; or, if preferred, the numbers may be' placed upon a circle or dial surrounding the wheel. N, and an index attached to the latterand moving with it may thus be made point to any of said numbers according as the wheel is rotated.

' It will be observed that, as already described, the index of the receiving-instrument, Fig. 2, can perform but a single revolution at a time, when it is brought to a fixed position, which always occurs at the 4same point, and without regard to the direction in which it is moved. Now, suppose the instrument shown in Fig. 4 to be located at New York city, and telegraphically.connected with a number of the indicatiiig-instruments shown in Figs. l and 2 located in various cities or towns in different parts of the country. Suppose, then, that l desire to transmit to these .various points .information in relation to the changing prices of stocks, goods, grain, or other oommodities,or the changes of temperature. It isl tirst necessary, in beginning operations for the day, that I know positively that the receivinginstruments at each point shall all agree-that is, that their indexes shall all point to the same number-and also that I shall have the power ot setting them so that they will thus lwherever they may be located.

A hammer, y, attached to and operated -by rock-shaft F, is arranged to strike abell or other object, when the receivinginstrument is operating, for the purpose of indicating by sound the number of impulses sent, so that the attendant can Vascertain the number of the'- changes or variations, even though he bein a position where he cannot see the dial or indicater. It also serves the additional purpose of' attracting the attention of the attendant whenever the indicator commences to operate. It is obvious that this part of the apparatus may be' arranged in a great variety of Ways and made to produce the same result, and hence I do not wish to be understood as conning myself to this special arrangement of parts for that purpose.

Haviugnow described a mechanism -`that embodiesmy invention and which serves fully to illustrate the` same, I do not wish to be understood as confining myself exclusively to the arrangement or use of the various devices here shown, as there are many others which Vmay be readily substituted for these and made to produce the same results.

Having thus described my invcntion,what

l claim, and desire to secure by Letters Pat-f latter that their dials or indexes shall all cease'.

to move or operate at a certain fixed place or character common to them all. y 3.' Transferring themotion of the receivinginstrument lat pleasure to an instrument to be operated independentof the indicator, by the same helix or helices.

4;. The combination of the recording-'cylinder, or its equivalent, with the indicatingI instrument, arranged and operating substantially as set forth.

5. rllransmitting the com mnnications automatically by a Amechanism defining the number of electric impulses, their direction and intervals, by a simple manipulation of the attendant, substantially as described.

6. The reversing-gear when arranged to be operated by electricity for the purpose of antomatically changing the motion of telegraphic mechanism.

CHARLES KIRGHHOF.

Witnesses: v

ERNST A. ADAM, HENRY DEGEL.

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