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US5176930A - Food package and absorbent pad with edge wicking - Google Patents

Food package and absorbent pad with edge wicking Download PDF

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Publication number
US5176930A
US5176930A US07/685,522 US68552291A US5176930A US 5176930 A US5176930 A US 5176930A US 68552291 A US68552291 A US 68552291A US 5176930 A US5176930 A US 5176930A
Authority
US
United States
Prior art keywords
pad
intermediate layer
lower layers
absorbent
liquids
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US07/685,522
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Charles P. Kannankeril
Bruce A. Cruikshank
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Sealed Air Corp
Original Assignee
Sealed Air Corp
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Sealed Air Corp filed Critical Sealed Air Corp
Priority to US07/685,522 priority Critical patent/US5176930A/en
Assigned to SEALED AIR CORPORATION reassignment SEALED AIR CORPORATION ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST. Assignors: CRUIKSHANK, BRUCE A., KANNANKERIL, CHARLES P.
Priority to AU18725/92A priority patent/AU1872592A/en
Priority to PCT/US1992/003057 priority patent/WO1992018398A1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US5176930A publication Critical patent/US5176930A/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
    • B65D81/00—Containers, packaging elements, or packages, for contents presenting particular transport or storage problems, or adapted to be used for non-packaging purposes after removal of contents
    • B65D81/24—Adaptations for preventing deterioration or decay of contents; Applications to the container or packaging material of food preservatives, fungicides, pesticides or animal repellants
    • B65D81/26—Adaptations for preventing deterioration or decay of contents; Applications to the container or packaging material of food preservatives, fungicides, pesticides or animal repellants with provision for draining away, or absorbing, or removing by ventilation, fluids, e.g. exuded by contents; Applications of corrosion inhibitors or desiccators
    • B65D81/264—Adaptations for preventing deterioration or decay of contents; Applications to the container or packaging material of food preservatives, fungicides, pesticides or animal repellants with provision for draining away, or absorbing, or removing by ventilation, fluids, e.g. exuded by contents; Applications of corrosion inhibitors or desiccators for absorbing liquids
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/13—Hollow or container type article [e.g., tube, vase, etc.]
    • Y10T428/1303—Paper containing [e.g., paperboard, cardboard, fiberboard, etc.]
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/23—Sheet including cover or casing
    • Y10T428/237—Noninterengaged fibered material encased [e.g., mat, batt, etc.]
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/24—Structurally defined web or sheet [e.g., overall dimension, etc.]
    • Y10T428/24273—Structurally defined web or sheet [e.g., overall dimension, etc.] including aperture
    • Y10T428/24322—Composite web or sheet
    • Y10T428/24331—Composite web or sheet including nonapertured component

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a food package of the type used to contain and display various food products, and more particularly to such a food package including an absorbent pad having an increased rate of absorbency.
  • U.S. Pat. Nos. 4,275,811 and 4,321,997 to Miller and owned by the assignee of the present invention disclose an absorbent pad which has been particularly successful in food product packages for absorbing juices or other exuded liquids.
  • the absorbent pad disclosed therein comprises a mat of liquid absorbent material, an upper liquid impermeable plastic sheet overlying the absorbent mat, and a perforated lower plastic sheet underlying the absorbent mat.
  • the upper and lower plastic sheets extend beyond the absorbent mat and are sealed together to enclose the absorbent mat therebetween.
  • any exuded liquids will flow around the pad and enter the pad by capillary action through the perforations in the lower sheet, and the liquids will be held out of contact with the food product to thereby minimize contamination of the food product and maintain its appearance and improve its shelf-life.
  • Previously proposed absorbent pads have exhibited some difficulties in absorbing liquids exuded from food products when the food packages ar disposed in an attitude other than horizontal. Food packages frequently are stored or displayed in a tilted or angled position with one side or end of the package much lower than the opposite side or end. With the food package so tilted, the liquids exuded from the food product will flow to the lowermost side or end of the package. Previously proposed food pads have exhibited difficulty in absorbing such liquids because the liquids may be either out of o only in partial contact with the perforations in the lower layer.
  • the absorbent pad comprises upper and lower sheets of flexible thermoplastic film and an absorbent mat confined between the two sheets of plastic film. At least the lower sheet of plastic film is preferably perforated so as to become liquid pervious and to admit liquid into the interior of the pad through capillary action.
  • At least a portion of the absorbent mat extends outwardly between the upper and lower layers of plastic film so that this portion of the absorbent mat comes into contact with liquid exuded from the food product and wicks that liquid into the interior of the pad.
  • the upper and lower layers of plastic film and the portion of the absorbent mat are secured together around the periphery of the pad in such a way that the wicking of liquids into the interior of the pad for absorption by the absorbent mat is not substantially hindered while preventing any substantial or significant leakage of liquids out of the pad whereby such liquids are prevented from returning into contact with the food product.
  • FIG. 1 is an exploded perspective view of an absorbent pad and food tray embodying the features of the present invention
  • FIG. 2 is a perspective view of the pad shown in FIG. 1;
  • FIG. 3 is a fragmentary, enlarged perspective view of the lower layer of the pad shown in FIGS. 1 and 2;
  • FIG. 4 is an enlarged, fragmentary sectional view taken substantially along line 4--4 in FIG. 2;
  • FIG. 5 is a perspective view of a food package embodying the features of the present invention.
  • FIG. 5 there is shown in FIG. 5 one form of a food package 10 embodying the features of the present invention.
  • food package 10 includes a tray 11 and an overwrap 12 of transparent flexible material, such as polyethylene film.
  • Tray 11 is formed of any suitable material, such as expanded polystyrene, molded pulp or any other material compatible with the food products desired to be contained and displayed in the food package 10.
  • Tray 11 includes a bottom wall 11a, side walls 11b and end walls 11c integrally formed to provide a receptacle or container for receiving and containing therein a food product F, illustrated in the form of a chicken carcass in FIG. 5. While preferred, tray 11 is not the only type or form of receptacle or container for the food product F. Such containers may be in any form currently employed in packaging food products for display, storage, etc. For example, it is well known that food products may also be packaged in plastic film bags, as well as various and sundry other containers, including paperboard boxes.
  • the food package 10 include an absorbent pad 13 (FIG. 2) resting on the bottom wall 11a of the container and adapted to receive the food product F thereon.
  • the absorbent pad 13 will support the food product thereon and is adapted to absorb liquids in the form of juices, water or the like exuded from the food product during display, storage, handling and the like.
  • Absorbent pad 13 includes an upper layer 14 preferably of liquid impervious plastic film material, such as plastic film, e.g. polyethylene, or release coated paper, e.g. cellophane silicone coated paper or quilon-coated paper, and a lower layer 15 which is preferably liquid pervious.
  • Pad 13 also includes an intermediate layer 16 comprising a mat of absorbent material which is disposed between the upper and lower layers 14 and 15.
  • At least one of the upper and lower layers 14 and 15 preferably have a plurality of perforations 20 formed therein to impart liquid permeability to the normally liquid impervious material from which the upper and lower layers are formed.
  • the perforations 20 in lower layer 15 cause the liquid to pass upwardly therethrough by capillary action into the interior of pad 13 where such exudants are absorbed by the intermediate layer 16.
  • Intermediate layer 16 comprises a mat 16a of absorbent fibers, such as wood fluff, which are relatively inexpensive and highly absorbent. It should be understood that, while preferred, the wood fluff could be replaced by several layers of absorbent tissue paper.
  • tissue paper 16b is preferably placed between the mat 16a and the lower layer 15 to act as a mechanical barrier between the perforations 20 and the short wood fluff fibers.
  • the tissue layer 16b may be of any suitable paper which has sufficient integrity to maintain its structure when wet by liquids exuded from the food product. One such material is commonly referred to as facial grade tissue or wet strength tissue.
  • Various additives may be included in or on intermediate layer 16 to increase its liquid absorbency, to provide bactericidal properties or to provide deodorizer capability.
  • a super absorbent polymer additive such as a synthesized starch, e.g. the starch-acrylonitrile graft co-polymer as described in U.S. Pat. No. 3,661,815 or carboxy methyl cellulose, may be incorporated in or provided on the surface of mat 16a.
  • a bactericidal agent such as potassium sorbate
  • a food grade deodorizing agent such as lemon scent, may be added to intermediate layer 16 to mask undesirable odors.
  • the upper and lower layers 14 and 15 extend beyond the periphery of the mat 16a and are secured together around the periphery of the mat 16a as indicated in FIG. 4 at 21.
  • the rate of absorbency of pad 13 is enhanced and increased and pad 13 is provided with the capability of absorbing liquids in food packages stored or displayed in a attitude other than horizontal, by having at least a portion of the intermediate layer 16 extend outwardly between upper and lower layers 14 and 15 to the outer periphery of the pad 13 so as to contact any liquids exuded from the food product to wick such liquids into the interior of pad 13 for absorption therewithin.
  • the portion of intermediate layer 16 that extends outwardly between the upper and lower layers 14 and 15 to the periphery of the pad is the tissue layer 16b (FIG. 4).
  • the tissue layer 16b and the upper and lower layers 14 and 15 are secured together at 21, as by an adhesive, such as a hot melt adhesive.
  • the adhesive securement 21 does not significantly interfere with the wicking action of tissue layer 16b so that tissue layer 16b can still wick substantial amounts of liquid into the interior of the pad 13. However, it has been determined that the adhesive securement 21 will substantially prevent any liquids wicked into the interior of pad 13 from any significant reverse migration or leaking back out of the pad. Accordingly, all liquids passing into the interior of the pad either through perforations 20 or by the wicking action of tissue layer 16b will be substantially confined therein and prevented from returning into contact with the food product.
  • the weight of the food product resting on absorbent pad 13 may limit the capability of the absorbent pad 13 to absorb a sufficient quantity or amount of liquid so that all of the liquids exuded by the food product may not be absorbed.
  • the present invention contemplates that such absorbency limitations may be obviated by the inclusion in absorbent pad 13 of load bearing additives or spacers to resist compression of intermediate layer 16 of absorbent pad 13 by the food product. Any inert load bearing elements, such as ground or comminuted polyethylene foam or strips of air bubble-type packaging material, may be incorporated in intermediate layer 16 in a manner not shown.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Food Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Packages (AREA)
US07/685,522 1991-04-15 1991-04-15 Food package and absorbent pad with edge wicking Expired - Lifetime US5176930A (en)

Priority Applications (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US07/685,522 US5176930A (en) 1991-04-15 1991-04-15 Food package and absorbent pad with edge wicking
AU18725/92A AU1872592A (en) 1991-04-15 1992-04-14 Food package and absorbent pad for use in a food package
PCT/US1992/003057 WO1992018398A1 (fr) 1991-04-15 1992-04-14 Emballage pour produit alimentaire et papier absorbant utilise dans ce type d'emballage

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US07/685,522 US5176930A (en) 1991-04-15 1991-04-15 Food package and absorbent pad with edge wicking

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US5176930A true US5176930A (en) 1993-01-05

Family

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Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US07/685,522 Expired - Lifetime US5176930A (en) 1991-04-15 1991-04-15 Food package and absorbent pad with edge wicking

Country Status (3)

Country Link
US (1) US5176930A (fr)
AU (1) AU1872592A (fr)
WO (1) WO1992018398A1 (fr)

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US5605231A (en) * 1994-07-18 1997-02-25 The Green Partnership Inc. Food delivery container
WO1997010161A1 (fr) * 1995-09-12 1997-03-20 PEARLSTEIN, Melba Emballage absorbant pour produits alimentaires
WO1998032661A1 (fr) * 1997-01-23 1998-07-30 Maxwell Chase Technologies, Llc. Substance absorbante destinee aux articles jetables et articles fabriques a partir de ladite substance
US5811142A (en) 1996-04-03 1998-09-22 Tenneo Packaging Modified atmosphere package for cut of raw meat
US5834385A (en) * 1996-04-05 1998-11-10 Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. Oil-sorbing article and methods for making and using same
US5928560A (en) 1996-08-08 1999-07-27 Tenneco Packaging Inc. Oxygen scavenger accelerator
US6015582A (en) * 1997-05-20 2000-01-18 Showa Denko K.K. Water absorbing article and method of using the same
US6054153A (en) 1998-04-03 2000-04-25 Tenneco Packaging Inc. Modified atmosphere package with accelerated reduction of oxygen level in meat compartment
US6079555A (en) * 1992-09-25 2000-06-27 Posson; Jean Absorbent food product support
US6095325A (en) * 1998-04-30 2000-08-01 Simhaee; Ebrahim Tubular absorbent pads and tray for food products
US6101833A (en) * 1996-11-28 2000-08-15 Hoshizaki Denki Kabushiki Kaisha Ice making machine
US6152295A (en) * 1998-03-27 2000-11-28 Brander; William M. Storage container for containing food products
US6171695B1 (en) 1994-09-21 2001-01-09 Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. Thin absorbent pads for food products
US6231905B1 (en) 1998-10-08 2001-05-15 Delduca Gary R. System and method of making a modified atmosphere package comprising an activated oxygen scavenger for packaging meat
US6299918B1 (en) * 1998-12-28 2001-10-09 Joseph Morgese Pizza server
US6321509B1 (en) 1999-06-11 2001-11-27 Pactiv Corporation Method and apparatus for inserting an oxygen scavenger into a modified atmosphere package
US6325969B1 (en) 1999-04-30 2001-12-04 James Aamodt Paper product impregnated with chemical material
US6376034B1 (en) 1996-01-23 2002-04-23 William M. Brander Absorbent material for use in disposable articles and articles prepared therefrom
US6395195B1 (en) 1996-08-08 2002-05-28 Pactiv Corporation Oxygen scavenger accelerator
US6478147B1 (en) 1998-03-27 2002-11-12 William M. Brander Container with absorbent material
US20030035867A1 (en) * 2001-08-20 2003-02-20 Kinard David L. Case-ready package having absorbent pad
US6530471B1 (en) * 1999-08-25 2003-03-11 Best Products Co., Ltd Storage bag
US20030054073A1 (en) * 2001-07-25 2003-03-20 Delduca Gary R. Modified atmosphere packages and methods for making the same
US20030198797A1 (en) * 2000-10-02 2003-10-23 Leboeuf William E. Processing substrate and/or support surface and method of producing same
US20030203159A1 (en) * 2000-10-02 2003-10-30 Price William D. Processing substrate and/or support surface and method of manufacture thereof
US20030211284A1 (en) * 2000-10-02 2003-11-13 Karul Virginia D. Sheet material and manufacturing method and apparatus therefor
US20030228442A1 (en) * 2000-10-02 2003-12-11 Price William D. Processing substrate and/or support surface
US20030235676A1 (en) * 2000-10-02 2003-12-25 Price William D. Processing substrate and/or support surface
WO2004018318A1 (fr) * 2002-08-22 2004-03-04 Susan Nicola Pieterse Conditionnement de produit
US20040047952A1 (en) * 2001-07-25 2004-03-11 Merriman Marcus C. Modified atmosphere packages and methods for making the same
US6742655B2 (en) * 2000-04-14 2004-06-01 Yoshimasa Kasakura Cushioning material and container also serving for cushioning using the cushioning material as container
US20040126513A1 (en) * 2002-12-31 2004-07-01 Solomon Bekele Absorbent pad with controlled rate of wicking
US20040154729A1 (en) * 2003-02-11 2004-08-12 Leboeuf William E. Method of producing a processing substrate
US20040157051A1 (en) * 2003-02-11 2004-08-12 Trent John S. Sheet material and method of manufacture thereof
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US20040226834A1 (en) * 2003-05-01 2004-11-18 Baldwin Alfred Frank Absorbent mats for food packaging
US20040241390A1 (en) * 2000-10-02 2004-12-02 Leboeuf William E. Processing substrate and/or support surface
US20040267223A1 (en) * 2003-03-17 2004-12-30 Paper Pak Industries Shaped absorbent pads
AU779287B2 (en) * 1997-01-23 2005-01-13 Maxwell Chase Technologies, Llc. Absorbent material for use in disposable articles and articles prepared therefrom
US20050037114A1 (en) * 2003-07-25 2005-02-17 Marshall Weems Case-ready food packaging system
US6926846B1 (en) 1996-08-08 2005-08-09 Pactiv Corporation Methods of using an oxygen scavenger
US6926862B2 (en) 2001-06-01 2005-08-09 Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. Container, shelf and drawer liners providing absorbency and odor control
US6986931B2 (en) 2000-10-02 2006-01-17 S.C. Johnson & Son, Inc. Disposable cutting sheet
US7022395B2 (en) 2000-10-02 2006-04-04 S.C. Johnson Home Storage, Inc. Disposable cutting sheet
US7026034B2 (en) 2003-02-11 2006-04-11 S.C. Johnson Home Storage, Inc. Processing substrate and method of manufacturing same
US7063879B2 (en) 2000-10-02 2006-06-20 S.C. Johnson Home Storage, Inc. Disposable cutting sheet
US20070048415A1 (en) * 2005-01-21 2007-03-01 Paper-Pak Industries Food preservation systems
US20080058736A1 (en) * 2006-08-30 2008-03-06 Reshamwala Piyush J Sharps container having absorbent pad and method of making the same
US20090162571A1 (en) * 2007-12-21 2009-06-25 Schott Ag Method and Device for Producing Process Gases for Vapor Phase Deposition
US20100308038A1 (en) * 2007-06-01 2010-12-09 Roderick Iain Davidson Transport package
EP2121478A4 (fr) * 2007-01-22 2012-01-25 Maxwell Chase Technologies Llc Compositions de conservation d'aliments et procédés de leur utilisation
US20120085661A1 (en) * 2010-10-12 2012-04-12 Cellcomb Ab Pouch type food pad and food tray
US20130056369A1 (en) * 2011-09-03 2013-03-07 Antoinette K. Jorgensen Hot food container moisture absorbent insert
US20130243912A1 (en) * 2010-11-09 2013-09-19 Paper-Pak Industries Food Package
US8741443B2 (en) 2011-05-18 2014-06-03 Powertray, LLC Disposable food tray
US20140199001A1 (en) * 2013-01-14 2014-07-17 James Haluck Storge bag having a liquid absorbing spacer
US9623622B2 (en) 2010-02-24 2017-04-18 Michael Baines Packaging materials and methods
WO2018152074A1 (fr) 2017-02-16 2018-08-23 E.I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company Dextrane réticulé et copolymères greffés de dextrane-poly alpha-1,3-glucane réticulé
US10464728B2 (en) 2015-04-20 2019-11-05 Bemis Company, Inc. Peelable/resealable package with absorbent strip
CN112056379A (zh) * 2020-07-21 2020-12-11 宁波大学 一种植物精油缓释保鲜片及其制备方法和应用
WO2021247810A1 (fr) 2020-06-04 2021-12-09 Nutrition & Biosciences USA 4, Inc. Copolymères greffés de dextrane-alpha-glucane et leurs dérivés
WO2023081341A1 (fr) 2021-11-05 2023-05-11 Nutrition & Biosciences USA 4, Inc. Compositions comprenant un dérivé d'alpha-1,6-glucane cationique et un alpha-1,3-glucane
WO2025006691A2 (fr) 2023-06-30 2025-01-02 Nutrition & Biosciences USA 4, Inc. Compositions poreuses d'alpha-1,3-glucane

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US5428346A (en) * 1993-05-28 1995-06-27 Sealed Air Corporation Theft alarm activating absorbent pad
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Cited By (101)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US6079555A (en) * 1992-09-25 2000-06-27 Posson; Jean Absorbent food product support
US5605231A (en) * 1994-07-18 1997-02-25 The Green Partnership Inc. Food delivery container
US6171695B1 (en) 1994-09-21 2001-01-09 Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. Thin absorbent pads for food products
WO1997010161A1 (fr) * 1995-09-12 1997-03-20 PEARLSTEIN, Melba Emballage absorbant pour produits alimentaires
US5709897A (en) * 1995-09-12 1998-01-20 Pearlstein; Leonard Absorbent packaging for food products
US6376034B1 (en) 1996-01-23 2002-04-23 William M. Brander Absorbent material for use in disposable articles and articles prepared therefrom
US5811142A (en) 1996-04-03 1998-09-22 Tenneo Packaging Modified atmosphere package for cut of raw meat
US6183790B1 (en) 1996-04-03 2001-02-06 Pactiv Corporation Modified atmosphere package
US5948457A (en) 1996-04-03 1999-09-07 Tenneco Packaging Inc. Modified atmosphere package
US5834385A (en) * 1996-04-05 1998-11-10 Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. Oil-sorbing article and methods for making and using same
US6395195B1 (en) 1996-08-08 2002-05-28 Pactiv Corporation Oxygen scavenger accelerator
US5928560A (en) 1996-08-08 1999-07-27 Tenneco Packaging Inc. Oxygen scavenger accelerator
US6666988B2 (en) 1996-08-08 2003-12-23 Pactiv Corporation Methods of using an oxygen scavenger
US6926846B1 (en) 1996-08-08 2005-08-09 Pactiv Corporation Methods of using an oxygen scavenger
US7147799B2 (en) 1996-08-08 2006-12-12 Pactiv Corporation Methods of using an oxygen scavenger
US6508955B1 (en) 1996-08-08 2003-01-21 Pactiv Corporation Oxygen scavenger accelerator
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