US487299A - smith - Google Patents

Description

(No Model.) Y 3 Sheets-Sheet 1. J. Y. SMITH. TRIPLE EXHAUST NOZZLE.

,299. Patented Dec. 6, 1.892. fi

( Modem 3 Sheets-Sheet 2.

J. Y. SMITH.

TRIPLE EXHAUST NOZZLE. V

No. 487,299. Patented Dec. 6, I892.

A; flit ann ys 3 Sheets-Sheet 3.

(No Model.)

J. Y. SMITH. TRIPLE EXHAUST NOZZLE.

Patented Dec. 6, 1892. J] J 3M0 ewtoz Y A A v Unrrnn Srarns PATENT Enron.

JOHN Y. SMITIl', OF DOYLESTOl/VN, PENNSYLVANIA, ASSIGNOR TO THE SMITH EXHAUST PIPE COMPANY, OF SAME PLACE.

TRIPLE-EXHAUST NOZZLE.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 487,299, dated December 6, 1892.

Application filed May 13, 1892. Serial No. 432,887. (No model.)

To aZZ whom it may concern: Fig. 7 is a detail front elevation of the de- Be it known that I, JOHN Y. SMITH, of pending diaphragm or deflector-plate. Doylestown,in the county of Bucks and State Like letters of reference in the several figof Pennsylvania, have invented certain new ures indicate the same parts. 55 and useful Improvements in Triple-Expan- As in prior devices of this kind, the ejector sion Blast or Exhaust Apparatus for Locomois located in the smoke-box at the forward end tives; and I do hereby declare the following of the boiler, (when the application is to a to be a full, clear, and exact description of the locomotive-engine,) immediately below the same, reference being'had to the accompanysmoke-stack and in position to receive steam 60 :0 ing drawings, forming a part of this specififrom the respective cylinders through the two cation, and to the letters of reference marked exhaust-passages, the entire volume of steam thereon. being received in the ejector through the di- This invention relates to ejector or blast vided passages a in the base A, which latter apparatus designed especially for use in conis adapted to seat and be bolted in the smoke- 65 nection with locomotive and similar boilers box in the ordinary manner. From the base and to be operated bythe exhaust-steam from A of the ejector the steam is conveyed and the cylinders, although capable of being opdischarged through nozzles acting successerated by steam from any source, exhaust apively or at different levels upon the volume paratus of the same general character being of air in order to gradually increase as much 70 shown in patents heretofore granted to me,and as possiblethe speed of the moving column particularly in Patent No. 406,483, dated July of air or gas. The combined areas of the ex- 9, 1889, to which reference is hereby made. hanst-nozzles are preferably slightly less than As in said prior patent, this invention has those of eachbranch of the divided passage in for its main objects to create and maintain a order to increase the effectiveness of the blast; 75 practically uniform and even How of air but the areas of the divided passages are through the furnace and boiler fines, to ingreater than those of theexhaust-ports,an adcrease the volume of gaseous products or air vantage of which construction lies in the discharged in proportion to the volume and tendency to prolong the action of each dispressure of steam, to reduce back-pressure, charge fromthe cylinders,producingthemore 8o 0 keep the flues clear from ashes and cinders, uniform and continuous effect.

to prevent the escape of sparks, and to accom- Referring particularly now to Figs. 1 and plish these objects with the simplest and 2, it will be seen that the base section A, least number of mechanical parts. which is preferably cast in one piece, is pro- A further object is to so construct and arvided with a central nozzle B, of relatively- 85 5 range the parts of the exhaust apparatus as small area, discharging vertically from the that they may be assembled and adjusted bedivided passage, while passages O enterthc fore being placed in position on the smokebase from opposite sides and combine in a box, doing away with the necessity of special single central duct 0' immediately over the fitting for each individual locomotive. central nozzle B, said duct 0 being of rela 0 Referring to the accompanying drawings, tively-large area and terminating in anozzle Figure 1 is a vertical section, partly in elevac at a point some distance above the basetion, through the ejector detached, taken in section. The top section, which is also prefaplane longitudinally of the boiler. Fig. 2 erably cast integral, seats upon the base-secis a section through the same, taken in a plane tion and surrounds the ducts 0, being formed 5 5 at right angles to Fig. 1. Fig. 3 is a top plan with ducts (Z d, terminating, respectively, in

View. Fig. dis aside elevation of the ejector, nozzles e e, the inner wall of the upper nozand Fig. 5 is a section, partially in eleva zle being preferably somewhat extended to tion, taken in the same plane as Fig. 2, to prevent the accumulation of oily products on show the air or gas openings more clearly. the outer Wall. The ducts d cl register at rco Fig. 6 is a section taken longitudinally of the the bottom with the divided passage a on opboiler, showing the whole exhaust apparatus. posite sides. The upper section is provided with induction-openings F, preferably located immediately over the induction-opening G, saidinduction-openings F passing into an annular chamber f, located between the ducts d d and opening out between the nozzles e and e in what might be termed a minglingchamber, the effect of which isthat the. pro.- ducts, air, gases, &c., drawn into the ejector through the openings F are acted upon first by the steam and products escaping from the nozzle 6, by which they are given an impetus, and then by the steam escaping at high pressure through the nozzle e, by which they are given still greateri1npetus,one of the nozzles acting on the inside and the other on the outside of the said products, or such portion as does not com mingle therewith, and carries the same upward with practically theveloci tyv of the steam.

For the purpose of causing the steam rushing upward toward the nozzles e e to dis: tribute itself evenly without creating retarding eddies or causing back-pressure on the op-. posite side bridges g of conical shape are arranged over the openings 0- and F, as shown in dotted lines, Fig. 2, and in full lines, 1, the bridge over the opening F being preferably formed by the upperwall of the opening itself, as shown.

To further carry out the purposes of this part of the invention, the small central nozzle B discharges directly into cylindrical-duct 1*I-, extending way through the' injector and terminating at any suitable point above the same. A body of steam discharged into this internal cylindrical duct rushes .waythrough it at high speed, together with such quantity of air and products as may be taken in at the lower end, and, being discharged into the smoke-stack in advance of the products passing through the other passages of the ejector,

clears the passage for the latter, or in,other words, drives the air or products out of the stack in advance of the main body and leaves a free passage for the same.

It will be noted that in carrying out the present invention in practical form the ducts and passages have been straightened from bottom to top of the ejector and that practically no retarding-eddies or back-pressure can be created at any point.

I design in the present instance to eliminate the oil products from the steam tending to gum and stop the nozzles by causing the steam to enter the base-section through curved passages, as shown in my before-mentioned patent, whereby the centrifugal force of such'products will carry the same to the outside of the curve and against the wall vid ing the passages. Now by converging-the side walls 12 Figs. 1 and 5, terminating in the nozzle B, from the extreme sides of the passage, the said oily or heavy products will be forced up andout the nozzle B, where, running over the edge of said nozzle, they find a ready escape through the lateral openings G, into which the nozzle projects.

- covers the induction-openings.

At the top of the ejector, it is well known, an accumulation ordinarily forms on the edges of the nozzles which is difficult to remove, and in addition to providing a hardened removable nozzle I, at this point held in by set-screws i, I provide a thin metal shield K, somewhat in the form of a nozzle, the area of which is never less thanthatof the combined dischargeopenings in the ejector,which shield surrounds the upper end of the ejector and is held in place by ears K, engaged by the set-screws 1'. Products which ordinarily accumulate on the edges of the ejector now pass on and are deposited upon the shield; but as the shield is open at the lower edge fine ashes and cinders are drawn up through the same by action of the steam, air, gas, &c., escaping from the. ejector and effectually scours and keeps the inner surface of the shield clean, and its upper face edge is too thin to hold any deposits. This shield, it will be understood, al-

though being capable of a universal use, is, nevertheless, particularly adaptedfor use in connection with ejectors having a means for preventing the entry of ashes, cinders, &c., at the lower end, and especially in the present form of ejector, in which a screen entirely It is not nec- I essarily employed, however, as the inner wall of the upper'noz'zle may be extended, as shown in full lines, Fig. 5, and dotted lines, Fig. 2. The escaping steam then serves to remove the accumulations in a measure.

Surrounding the induction openings. on each side of the ejector is formed a flange or extension- Z, within which fits tightly at its t edges a screen. L. This screen, preferably a foraminous plate, is formed of a single sheet extending from sideto. side with top. andloottom heads, all confined within the flange l at their free edges, and the. whole held in place by bolts-such as m-attached to or forming a part of bolts uniting the top and bottom sectionsof the ejector and passing out through openings in. the screen, with nuts applied thereto, as shown clearly in Figs. 1 and 3. The convex shape of the screen and their attachment to the ejector, it will be seen, at once enables the whole device to be assembled complete for insertion in the smoke-box and dispenses entirely with the necessity of special fitting in each individual case.

The particular shape of the screens or the mode of their application, it is obvious, isimmaterial, for rectangular screens might be employed with good effects.

As before stated, the ejector is located in t the smoke-box at the forward end of the locomotive-boiler and it receives the bulk of air,

gas, products, &c., at or near thev bottom of the box and in such position as. that under normal circumstances the tendency might be e to create. the greatest draft through, the. lowermost fines, and thereby cause the. fuel to be drawn into. thefluesfrom thefire-boX, besides creating difficulties incident to boiler construction and manipulation well known to IIO flector-plate N, depending from the front sheet of the boiler at a point above the topmost flue and having a vertical series of dampers 92 therein independently controlled from the outside by means of cranks n or other convenient means, whereby any one of said dampers may be opened or closed and the draft through the fines at approximately the same level regulated; secondly, I employ what I shall term an evener or regulating-wall 0, located in the fire-box a shortdistancc in front of the lines and of sufficient height to cause products passing over the same to enter the flues well distributed from top to bottom. This protecting-wall, it is obvious, may be vertical, as shown in full lines, or inclined, as shown in dotted lines, the usual method of construction being to form the same of bricks or sections, which may be successively placed in position one above the other untilthe Wallis built of the desired height, and should it be found atauy time that the height needs altering this is easily accomplished by adding or removing one or more sections. The height is adjusted to the draft to prevent the fine fuel being drawn into the fiues and passing out as sparks, cinders, (be.

In operation itwillbe-found that the opening and closing of the dampers it directly controls the quantity of air passing through any of the fines or part of the grate. Thus when the topmost damper is opened the greatest draft will pass through the front of the grate, and when the lowermost damper is opened the greatest draft will pass through the back of the grate. In some instances where it is desired to increase the rapidity with which the exhaust-steam shall pass through the ejectorpassages said passages are provided with contracted portions, and in the present instance these contracted portions are formed by removable rings plano-convex in cross-section and preferably formed by segments r, adapted to be inserted within the ducts d d andto be held in place by bolts or otherwise, as shown in Fig. 5.

. In operation the exhaust-steam creates a powerful and uniform draft through the firebox, boiler-fines, and ej ectors, the screen serving to prevent the entry of sparks, cinders, &c., into the ejector, and the space around the ejector serving as a dead-air space, so to speak, into which any sparks and cinders drop and from which the feeble updraft around the ejector fails to lift them. The gas, smoke, ashes, 650., of a light character circulating in the smoke-box move upward at a comparatively-slow rate of speed around the rapidlyascending column of exhaust-steam, gas, &c., and, combining therewith or being acted upon thereby, are forced rapidly out through. the stack, preventing any undue friction or retardation of the rapidly-ascending column. This arrangement enables me to regulate to a nicety the rate at which the air shall be drawn through the fire-box, for by moving dampers S so as to close more or less theinductionopenings in the ejector the volume, and the consequent effectiveness of the rapidly-moving column from the ejector, is varied and a larger or smaller volume of relatively-slowlymoving air, gas, &c., passes up around the outside of the ejector and through the stack.

The construction of the ejector is simple in the extreme, but three castings being employed, which are of simple character and may be quickly and easily fitted up by machine-work and by unskilled labor. the initial cost is greatly reduced.

Having thus described my invention, what I claim as new is-- 1. In an exhaust apparatus, the ejector haV-' ing the divided passage with the branches diametrically opposite each other and merging in annular nozzles near the top and the upper and lower air or gas openings in the side walls located on diametrically-opposite sides and between the branches of the divided passage below their point of union, substantially as described.

2. In an exhaust apparatus, the ejector having the divided passage in the base for the entry of steam, merging into independent annular nozzles above the base, the diametrically-opposite lateral air or gas opening in the base between the branches of the divided passage passing to the center of the ejector, and the lateral air or gas opening above the first-mentioned openings and also entering between the branches of the divided passage leading to the outer nozzle and communicating with an annular duct between the steam nozzles, substantially as described.

3. In an exhaust apparatus, the ejector having the divided passage with the branches merging in annular nozzles at the top and the air or gas openings in the side walls between the branches, having the conical bridge over the same, whereby the steam in the branches of the divided passages pass upward without forming eddies, substantially as described.

4. In an exhaust apparatus, the ejector having the divided passage with the branches merging in annular nozzles at the top, the airor gas opening in the side wall of the base, having the conical bridge over the same, and the air or gas opening above the first-mentioned openings, having the top thereofconical, whereby the branches of the divided passage approach gradually, substantially as described.

5. In an exhaust apparatus, the ejector having the divided passage with the branches merging in annular nozzles at the top and the central nozzle at the bottom, the air or gas opening in the base between the branches Hence of the divided passage Opposite the central nozzle, theair or gas openings in the side wall above the first-mentioned openings, also between the branches of the divided passage,

and the annular duct between the steam-nozzle, to which said openings lead, substantially as "described.

6. In an exhaust mechanism/the combination, with the ejector having the steam-passages in the base and the lateral air or gas;

sages'in the base and the lateral air or gas openings, of the'co'nv-ex screens bridging the said air or gasopenings, mounted on and having their edges held by the body'of the ejector,

substantially as described.

8. In an exhaust mechanism,'the combination, with the ejector having "the air or-gas: openings in its side walls and the fia'ngeson the outer surface, surrounding said openings,

of the screens having their edges held by the flanges, substantiallyas described.

9. An ejector for exhaust mechanism, consisting of the integral base-section havingthe divided passage and lateral air or gas open-, ings between the branchesot' the dividedpassage and the integral upper section fastened j 'tio-n, with the boiler having "flues therein, the

directly on the base-section and having the "annular nozzles incommunication with the passages in the lower se'ctionysubstantially divided passage and lateral air or gas openi'ngs between the branches of the divided passage and the integral upper section fastened directly on the base-section and having thelateral air or gas openings, the ducts registering with the branches of the divided passage and through which theair or gas openings pass,-and the annular nozzles in'the upper portion, substantially as described.

11. In an ejector for exhaust mechanism, the combination, with the lower central nozzle and upper annular nozzle, of the central cylindrical duct having its entrance'over the central nozzle at the bottom and its exit above the annular nozzles and in position to dis charge in line with the discharge from said annular nozzles, substantially as described.

12. In an ejector for exhaust mechanism,

the combination, with the lower central nozzle with lateral air or gas openings thereto and the upper annular nozzles, of the central cy sta'ntially as described.

lindrical duct having its entrance over the central nozzle extending vertically through the ejector and discharging above the same, substantially as described. I

13. In an ejector for exhaust mechanism, the combination, with the annular nozzle at i the top, of the shield K above the nozzle for the reception "of accumulations, substantially as described.

14. I-n'an ejector for exhaust mechanism, the combination, with the annular nozzle at the-top and the air and gas openings at the bottom and means for preventing the entry of ashes therein,'of the shield K :above the nozzle, with its bottom open around the outside of the ejector, whereby ashes are drawn through it and accumulations =removed,su-b- '15. Inan ejector for exhaust mechanism, thecombination, with the base-sectiomof the upper section cast integral with theann-nlar ducts thereinand the annular nozzle removably-securedat the top of the ejectonsubstan'tially as described. p

1-6. In an exhaust apparatus, thecom'bination, with the boiler having flues therein, the s.moke-'box,and the ejector located therein, of

the apron or deflectonplate depending between the fines and ejector, havingthe vertical seriesof independently-o'perated dampers therein, substantially as described.

17. *I'nan'exhaust apparatus, the combinafire-box, the smoke-box, and the ejector located therein, of the apron or deflector-plate depending betweenthe ejector and fines, the vertical series of independently-pivoted dampers insa'id plate, and the independent cranks for operating the same, substantially as described.

18. In an cjectorsuch as described, the combination, with the upper nozzles, of thesmall central no'zzle at the bottom, having the converging Walls extending from side to side of thesteam-passages, whereby oily products are caughtand carriedout at the top of the nozzle, substantially as described.

19. In an ejector such as described, having the dividedpassage in the base and the nozzles at the top, the small central nozzle at y the bottom, having the converging walls extending from side to side of each branch of the divided passage, whereby oily products are caught and carried out at the top of the nozzle, substantially as described.

JOHN Y. SMITH. Witnesses:

ALEX. S. STEUART, A. KELLY.

Images