US451559A - Electric motor - Google Patents

Description

(No Mudel.) 2 Sheets-Sheet 1. W E HYER ELECTRIC MOTOR.

No. 451,559. Patented May 5,1891.

Fig.2.

llVVE/VTOI? ATTORNEY.

aw 7 5w? UNITE STATES PATENT OFFICE.

VALTER E. IIYER, OF NElVBURG, NE\V YORK.

ELECTRlC MOTOR.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 451,559, dated May 5, 1891.

Application filed November 26, 1890. Serial No. 372,714. No model.)

To aZZ whom it may concern.-

Be it known that I, \VALTER E. IIYER, a citizen of the United States, residing at Newburg, county of Orange, and State of New Yo rk, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Electric Motors, of which the following is a specification.

My invention relates to improvements in electric motors, and has special reference to the form of the magnetic circuit, whereby the resistance of the same is decreased, sparking at the commutator is prevented, and enables me to construct a machine with great economy, imparts a symmetrical appearance to the machine, and permits of the use of a lower resistance-armature.

The invention consists in the details in construction which will be hereinafter described and claimed.

In the accompanying drawings, Figure 1 represents a perspective View of my improved motor. Fig. 2 represents a plan view of the lower casting of the motor with the armature and field-magnet coil in place, and Fig. 3 a plan View of the said lower casting with the armature and field-magnet coil removed.

Referring to the drawings byletter,A A represent, respectively, two iron castings, which are separated at the middle on a horizontal plane and connected together bybolts a. The castings are very nearly alike in shape, except that the lower one has formed upon it the base or feet upon which the motor stands. The horizontal section, as shown in Figs. 2 and 3, is of general rectangular shape, and each casting has a semicircular groove a, whichruns diagonally across it, and which, when the two castings are together, register with each other and form a continuous annular space, in which the single coil 13 of the field-magnet is placed.

The interior of the machine is hollow to form a space for the armature O, the shaft 0 of which runs diagonally through the center of the field-coil B and has its bearings on the line of junction between the castings. The pole-pieces P P stand at about right angles to the plane of the coil B; but each pole-piece has two working-facesone 19 standing opposite the cylindrical surface of the armature and the other 1) standing at an angle thereto and across the respective heads or ends of the armature. Each casting contains one-half of each pole-piece, and the pole-pieces extend from the groove in which the field-coil is located in one casting up to the same groove in the other casting, thus making a very long pole-face on each side of the armature. Owing to the location of the coil with respect to the armature, the shape of these pole-faces is peculiar.

Referring to Fig. 8, it will be seen that the two pole-faces commence, respectively, at the points .70 on each side of the groove containing the coil, and that from these points upward the two surfaces of each pole-face gradually widen to the point where the castings are joined, and then begin to converge to two points in the'upper casting similarly located to the points a: of the lower casting. It will also be observed that the points a: are just about in a line parallel to the position of the armature-shaft, and that therefore a wire or coil on the armature will pass out of the influence of one pole simultaneously with its entrance into the influence of the other pole, and that as the said coil or wire on the armature approaches the pointocthe electro-motive force will gradually lower to the minimum and then graduallyincrease to the maximum as the coil proceeds past the points a: at This gradual exit and entrance from and into the field of force prevents abrupt pulsations in the armature-coils, and therefore prevents to a great extent sparking at the commutator.

it will be seen that with the long pole-faces which this machine has the coils in the armature are longer active than in other machines, and that less wire is therefore required to do a certain work, and less wire means less resistance. The pole-pieces, extending around the heads of the armature, also make a large portion of what is known as the dead-wire active.

In the drawings the field-magnet coil is shown wound with tape. (Indicated by the lateral lines.)

The commutator D occupies a space formed by an offset portion of the two castings, as shown.

On referring to Fig. 1, together with the description hereinbefore given, it will be noticed that the motor has the general exterior appearance of a sphere with portions cut outof its surface. The portions out out are simply to save material. Generally speaking, therefore, this machine might be described as a hollow spherical body of iron having a fieldmagnet coil around the inside and an armature on the inside of the coil, the axis of thearmature being oblique to the axis of the coil.

The economy with which this machine may be built will be noted in that the magnetic circuit and the frame consist of two simple castings. In assembling, the armature is first put through the coil and then the lower side of the coil inserted into the groove of the lower casting. The armature-shaft is then dropped into the boxes on the lower casting and the upper casting is placed over the whole and bolted to the lower casting. The machine is then complete, except for such details as the brush-holders and the switch, which may be located or attached, as desired.

Having thus described my invention, I claim- In an electric motor, the combination, with an armature, of a field-magnet having a single coil surrounding the armature and standing in a plane oblique to its shaft, the magnetic circuit being composed of two hollow-

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