US459272A - Vehicle-brake - Google Patents

Description

(No Model.) 2 Sheets-Sheet 1. J. P. DUGAN.

VEHICLE BRAKE. No. 459,272. Patented'sept. a, 1891.

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UNTTED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

JAMES FRANK. DUGAN, OF ST. LOUIS, MISSOURI.

VEHIC LE-BRAKE.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 459,272, dated September 8, 1891.

Application filed April '7, 1891.

To all whom, t may coweiin:

Be it known that I, JAMES FRANK. DUGAN, of the city of St. Louis,State of lrlissourhhave invented certain new and useful Improvements in Vehicle-Brakes, of which the following is a full, clear, and exact description, reference being had to the accompanying drawings, forming a part hereof.

My invention relates to improvements in vehicle-brakes; and it consists in the novel arrangement and combination of parts, as will be more fully hereinafter described, and designated in the claims.

In the drawings, Figure l is a side elevation of a vehicle, such. as an ordinary spring-wagon, showing my invention applied to the same. Fig. 2 is a perspective view of a friction-wheel which I employ in carrying out my invention with its attachments. Fig. 3 is a perspective view of a brake-shoe, brake-shoe rod, and arms for securing said brakeshoe rod to the vehicle. Fig. JC is a diametrical section of the friction-wheel. Fig. 5 is a transverse section taken on the line .r of Fig. 4, and Fig. (l is a perspective View of a modification of a brake-shoe which I may employ in carrying out my invention. Fig. 7 is a bot tom plan view of a further modification of a friction-wheel.

The object of my invention is to construct a brake for vehicles so that when the same is functionally operated the resultant of the forces arising from such functional operation will be brought to bear in a vertical direction on the springs (if the said device is applied to a spring-wagon.) Even in the advanced state of the art to which my invention belongs there is no brake to my knowledge wherein the result of the forces is applied as above stated. The tendency of the various constructions of brakes, from my personal observation, has been to twist and injure the springs. From the construction, as will be more fully hereinafter described, it can be readily perceived that my invention is equally applicable to any vehicle, and also the same may be applied to street or railway cars and may be used in connection with air-brakes. It can also be used in various mechanisms to restrain the motion of a rotating wheel.

While my invention is especially designed to the various uses as above stated, I will Serial No. 387.962. (No model.)

only describe in this connection its application to ordinary spring-wagons.

Referring to the drawings, 1 indicates the rear axle of the wagon. Said axle is of the ordinary construction and having a wooden portion 2. rlhe construct-ion of this class of axles is well understood and requires no ininute description or elucidation.

3 indicates a brake-shoe of ordinary construction, the same being provided with a contact-plate of leather, rubber, or any metallic substance. Said brake-shoe is mounted :in any suitable and mechanical manner on a brake-shoe rod 5.

In place of using a brake-shoe of the construction as shown in Figs. l and 3, I may use in lieu thereof a brake-shoe as shown in Fig. i. By referring to said figure it can be perceived that the brake-shoe that I may employ is circular in form, and the same may be rigidly or revolubly mounted on the brakeshoe rod 5 in any suitable and mechanical manner.

G indicates a plate, which is secured tothe exterior lateral surface of brake-shoe 3 and projects rearwardly over the exterior lat-eral surface of the wheel. The function of said plate is to keep and prevent said brake-shoe from slipping off of the wheel. I also desire to use this plate in connection with the modiiication of the brake-shoe which I have j ust described. rlhebrake-shoerodhasanupturned terminal portion 7, and said port-ion is provided with a perforation.

8 indicates a bifurcated arm. One end of the same is provided with perforations 9, through which the ends of clip 10 are adapted to be inserted. It may be observed that clip l0 is one of the clips that clamps the wooden portion 2 on the metallic portion l of the axle, and said clip also secures the bifurcated arm 8 to the lower exterior surface of axle l in the manner as heretofore stated. The upturned port-ion 7 of the bralie-shoe rod 5 is pivoted in an interposed position between the bifurcations of arm 8 by means of a bolt ll or any othersuitable means.

l2 indicates a supporting and bracing arm, one end of which is provided with perforations 13, and the other end of same is provided with a perforation through which bolt ll is adapted to pass. It can be readily perceived which extends transversely across the lower half of the spring. Said plate is clamped over the lower half of the spring by means of clips 14, and the outer of said clips pass through perforations formed in said plate ro and also through perforations 13, formed in arm 12.

indicates nuts which are adapted to he screwed on the end of clips 14.

I do not Wish to limit myself to the manner r 5 just described for securing the bralre-shoe rod to the vehicle, as many other mechanical means are equally applicable, depending, of course, on the mechanical ingenuity of the manufacturer.

2o It can be readily perceived from the construction as herein-before described that the brake-shoe rod 5 is pivoted eccentrically relative to the center of the wheel to which the brake-shoe carried by said rod is adapted to 2 5 be applied.

In the specification as herein shown and described, referring to Fig. 1, it can be perceived that the brake-shoe rod 5 is pivoted eccentrically relative to the wheel inthe rear of 3o the axle and a little below or about on a line with the horizontal plane of the lower exterior surface of the metallic portion of axle 1. The brake-shoe rod 5, however, could be pivoted in front of the rear axle and the brake- Yn shoe 3 could be applied from the rear.

YI do not wish to limit myself to any specific position relative to the axle, whether in the rear, in front, or on the top or bottom of same; but it is highly essential, according tov 4o the principle of applied mechanics, that the brake-shoe rod 5 should be pivoted eccentrically relative to the axial center of the wheel to which the brake-shoe is adapted to be applied.

By the brakeshoe rod 5 being pivoted eccentrically, as hereinbefore stated, referring to Fig. 1 and confining myself for illustration only to the construction therein shown, it can be readily perceived that when the brake- 5o shoe 3 is elevated by any mechanical means it will strike and come in direct contact with the tire of the wheel, as shown in dotted lines in said figure.

Having given an explicit description ot' the 5 5 brake-shoe 3, the rod 5 for carrying the same,

and the manner in which said rodis pivotally secured to the vehicle, I will now describe the mechanism by which said brake-shoe rod 5 is operated and causes the brake-shoe to 6o be brought in contact with the' wheel. Me-

chanical ingenuity no doubt may suggest many different ways of operating the brakeshoe-that is, bringing the same in contact with the tire of the wheel. In this connection o 5 I will only describe one manner, to-wit: 16 indicates a friction-wheel, the same being lined on its exterior peripheral surface with rubn ber, leather, or any desired substance of high abrasive effect. Said wheel is provided with a central perforation 17, same being lined with any suitable metallic substance for bearing purposes. The inner lateral surface of said friction-wheel 16, or rather the entire wheel, has secured to it a reel 18, over which a chain 19 is adapted to be wound. Said reel consists of four or any suitable number of bolts 20, which passtthrough suitable perforations formed in said wheel, and also through a plate 21. Plate 21 is provided with a perforation 22, and said plate stands apart from the inner lateral surface of wheel 16, as shown in Fig. 4, so that the chain 19 may be wound in betwen' said plate and said wheel. I do not wish to limit myself, however, to this specific construction of a reel for winding up the chain which operates the brake-shoe.v

One end of chain 19 is secured to wheel 16 by means of a bolt 23, and the other end of saidv chain is secured in any suitable and mechanical manner to the brakeshoe rod 5 or to the brake-shoe 3 itself.

By referring to Fig. 1 it can be readily per ceived from the construction hereinbefore described that when the friction-wheel 16 is rotated the chain 19 will be Wound around the reel, and consequently will elevate the brakeshoe 3 and bring it in contact with the wheel, and consequently restrain the motion of the same. It can also be readily perceived that the wheel 16 is caused to rotate by being brought in contact with the tire of the wheel of the vehicle, the friction between the same being suflicient to affect the rotation. The wheel 16 and its attached reel is revolubly mounted upon a crank portion 24 of a lever 25, and the lever 25 is rigidly secured to a transverse bar which passes across the lower surface of the bed of the vehicle, and is pivotally secured thereto by means of cleats 28. The upper arm of lever 25 is pivotally secured to a rod 27, and the other end of said rod 27 is pivotally secured to a crank-lever 28, the same being provided with a foot-piece 24 or a handie, and said crank-lever 2S is pivotally secured to the bottom of the vehicle-bed, preferably as shown in Fig. 1. It can be readily perceived that when the cranklever 2S is pushed forward by means of the hand or foot of the driver or operator the friction-wheel 16 will go in a rearwardly direction and be brought in contact with the tire of the wagon-wheel. Of course, there being a frictional contact between said frictional Wheel 16 and the tire of the 4wagon-Wheel, the motion of the latter will rotate the former and wind up the chain 19, and consequently bring the brake-shoe 3 in contact with the tire of the wheel, as hereinbefore stated. Of course when the force is removed from the cranklever 2 8 the gravity of the brake-shoe rod 5 and the bralreshoe itself will cause the mechanism to assume its normal position, as shown in Fig. 1.

From the construction as hereinbefore set IOC IIO

forth the first power or force which tends to restrain the motion of the vehicle-wheel arises from the friction-wheel 16, which is brought in contact with the tire of the vehicle-wheel, and from the mechanical construction, as described, it can be readily perceived that the result of the said force will be in a vertical direction on the springs of the vehicle. Empirical knowledge on the part of the inventor has proven that the motion of the vehiclewheels can be restrained almost instantly by the mechanism as hereinbefore described.

It may be observed in the construction as hereinbet'ore described that the brake-shoe rod 5 is pivoted within the circumference of the wheel and eccentrically relative to the center of same, to which the brakeshoe is adapted to be applied.

In Fig. 7 I show a further modification of the friction-wheel-that is7 I use two ratchetwheels 2G and 27, the teeth of which are adapted to mesh and engage each other. IVheel 26 is revolubly mounted on crank portion 24:, but has no lateral movement. The ratchet-wheel 27 is likewise mounted on said portion and is adjustable laterallyto and from wheel 26. In other words, wheel 26 is adapted to rotate independently of the ratchetwheel 27, which carries the reel for winding up chain lf). IVheel 27 is provided with a flange 28, and interposed between said fiange and plate 2i is a collar 29, so constructed that the wheel 27 can move independently of the collar. Interposed between flange 28 and a shoulder 30, formed on the crank portion 24, is a spiral spring 3l, which holds wheel27 in engagement with wheelv 26. The disengagement between said wheels `isetected by means of a rod 32, adapted to be operated from any convenient part ofthe wagon. Said rod is connected to either of the hinged arms 33 or 3a. Arm 3i is pivotally secured to collar 28, and arm 33 is likewise secured to the bottom of the vehicle-bed. IVheel 2G is so located that it is adapted to come in contact with the tire of the wheel. Then it is desired to slightly restrain the motion of the wheel, the ratchet-wheel 27, which operates the brake-sho e, is disengaged from wheel 26. This is advisable in light vehicles, and also in driving down a slightly-inclined hill or road or street.

I claiml. In awagon-brake, the combination, with a brake-shoe, of a bar carrying the said brake and pivoted eccentrically in relation to the wheel to which the brake is to be applied, a friction-wheel carrying,r a reel and mounted above the said brake-shoe, and aiiexible connection between the said reel and the brakeshoe, substantially as described.

2. In a Wagon-brake, the combination, with a brake-shoe, of a bar carrying the said brake and pivoted eccentrically in relation to the wheel to which the brake is to be applied, a friction-wheel carrying a reel and mounted above the said brake-shoe, a chain having its upper end secured to the said reel and having its lower end secured to the said brakeshoe, and means whereby the said frictionwheel may be caused to bear at will upon the wheel to which the brake is to be applied.

In a Vehicle-brake, a brake-shoe eccentrically mounted with respect to a vehiclewheel, a device to operate said shoemounted upon the vehicle and adapted to be brought into contact with the Vehicle-wheel, said device consisting of a wheel proper, bolts passing therethrough, forming a reel, a plate secured to the inner ends thereof, a lining' of 8o abrasive material secured to the rim of said wheel, and a chain connecting the reel and shoe, substantially as described.

In testimony whereof I aiiix my signature in presence of two witnesses.

JAMES FRANK. DUGAN. Vitnesses:

C. K. JONES, E. F. KELLER.

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