US4075A - Improvement in machines for loosening and separating the boon from the fiber of hemp - Google Patents

Description

R. DEERING, Sr. Hemp Brake.

Patented June 10, 1845.

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" 1' NITED STATES;

PATENT OFFICE.

RICHARD DEERING, SR, OF LOUISVILLE, KENTUCKY.

Specification forming part of Letters Patent No. 4,075, dated June 10, 1645.

I5- aZZ whom it may concern.-

Be it known that I, RICHARD DEERING, Sr., of the city of Louisvi He, and State of Kentucky, have invented a new and useful machine for detaching the harl of hemp, 850., from the boon, and cleaning, milling, and preparing hemp or any similar fibrous substance for manufacturing the various articles and fabrics for which they are adapted or can be used; and I do hereby declare thatthe following is a full, clear, and exact descriptionof the construction and operation of the same, reference being had to the annexed drawings, making a part of this specification, in which- Figure l is a side elevation, Fig. 2 a longitudinal section,and Fig. 3 a perspective view, of the machine.

A A are feeding-rollers.

B is the apron upon which the hemp, 81-0., are spread, and-by which it is carried to the first smooth rollers.

O (l are smooth rollers (about seven inches diameter) for receiving the hemp from the feeding-apron.

D D D are small smooth rollers (about four inches diameter) the surfaces of which revolve with the same speed as the smooth rollers G G, and in the same direction. This series of smooth rollers O O D D D are\ all heavily levered on their journals, and they are so arranged that each roller in the lower series 00- cupies the space between two of the rollers in the upper series. As the surfaces of all these rollers move with the same speed and in the same direction, the hemp in passing between the upper and lower series of rollers will not be rubbed or drawn as is the casein other machines, but will be bent, curved, and pressed in awaving line alternately upward and downward, which bending and curving, in connection with the uniform pressure of the rollers, completely loosens the harl from the boon of the hemp, &c.,without breaking and injuring the fiber. The number of these rollers must be increased as the quality of the staple may make necessary, and their diameter may be regularly decreased from the first rollers toward the last, as circumstances may require.

E E E E E Eare pairs of small holding-rollers fluted lengthwise. One roller in each pair is placed immediately above the other, and the flutes of the upper and lower rollers fit closely into each other. The speed with IMPROVEMENT IN MACHINES FOR LOOSENlNG AND SEPARATING THE, BOON FROM THE FIBER 0F HEMP, &c.

which the surfaces of all these fluted rollers revolve should be such as to take up the hemp as fast as it is delivered from the series of smooth rollers without producing any strain or tension on the fiber.

In each of the placcsoccupied by the pairs of fluted rollers E E E E E E, and in their stead, I design sometimes to introduce three small smooth rollers working together in the same manner as D D D.

All the above-described rollers are made to revolve by means of an endless chain, (marked F,)operating on a series of cog-wheels, (marked G,) and by other suitable gearing on the opposite side of the machine.

H H HH H H are open cylinders or beaters, the surfaces of which are made of polished rods of round iron. They are put together in the same manner as the common trundle-head, and geared into each other by cogs at each end, and made to revolve with an accelerated speed, as much greater than the rollers O, D, and E as may be best adapted to suit the quality of the material to be acted on, the velocity of each succeeding pair of heaters to be increased in such ratio as may be best suited for removing the shives, refining the fiber, and increasing the softness of the hemp or other fibrous substance as it passes between them. The boxes in which the journals of the heaters 'revolve are to be made adjustable, so as to increase or diminish the engagedness or depth of gearing of the bars or rods forming the surfaces of the cylinders. The bars or rods of each beater should work between but not touch those of the beater connected with it.

The rapidly-revolving cylinders, instead of being of equal sizes, and arranged as H H, may be varied in size and arrangement by increasing the diameter of the lower cylinder, as M, a11d placing on its surface one or more smaller open cylinders, as N, which is also geared into M by cogs on their ends. The bars or rods of the cylinder I are made of stiff leather or other pliable material.

cylinders not being in contact with each other. The bars of the cylinder I serve only to brush back and straighten the fiber which has been displaced by the action of the rapidly-revolv ing cylinders.

K is the holding-roller on the cylinder M.

This cylinder has a reversed motion, and is placed above the cylinder M, the bars or rods of these L is the reel for bailing the hemp.

The machine herein described operates in the following manner, viz: The hemp passes from the feeding-apron B, and is drawn between the series of smooth rollers GO D D D, arranged as deseribed,for the purpose of loosenihg the harl from the boon of the hemp. From this series of smooth rollers the hemp passes between the first pair of rapidly-revolving open cylinders H H to clean or whip out the boon from the bar]. The hemp then passes between the first pair of holding-rollers E. or between a series of small smooth roller I ubstituted in their stead and working together in the same manner as the rollers D D D. These holding-rollers take up the fiber as fast as it is delivered from D D D, keeping the fiber straight, but not so stretched as to strain or injure it. They are succeeded by a second pair of rapidly-revolving open cylinders, and these again by another pair or series of slowly-revolving holding-rollers.

ternate arrangement of rapidly-revolvin g open cylinders and slowly-revolvingholding-rollers is to be repeated as often as may be necessary to free the hemp from the shoves, and to sufficiently mill, soften, and refine the fiber.

This al-.

After passing through: the machine, as above described, the hemp is completely bailed by being wound on the reel instead of twisting it in handfuls and baling it in the usual man ner.

The reel Lis put in motion by the power that drivesthe other parts of the machinery;

Having thus fully described the nature and operation of my improvements in the mode of breaking and dressing hemp, &c.,what Iclaim as my invention, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, isv The combination and arrangement of the series of smooth pressing andbending rollers revolving in the same direction and with the same speed,efor the purpose of loosening and separating the boon from the fibers, the same operating substantially as herein set forth,and these, thus combined and operating, I claim in combination with the holding-rollers and beating-cylinders, or either of them, substantially in'the manner and for the pur- I poses herein set forth.

RIOHD. DEERING, SR. Witnesses:

OLEMT. T. COOK, WM. STEWART.

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