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US3929464A - Desulfurization of molten ferrous metals - Google Patents

Desulfurization of molten ferrous metals Download PDF

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Publication number
US3929464A
US3929464A US393505A US39350573A US3929464A US 3929464 A US3929464 A US 3929464A US 393505 A US393505 A US 393505A US 39350573 A US39350573 A US 39350573A US 3929464 A US3929464 A US 3929464A
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Prior art keywords
calcium carbide
molten iron
injection
iron
gas stream
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Expired - Lifetime
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US393505A
Inventor
Lamar S Todd
Alan Fitzgibbon
Michael C Carosella
Donald C Hilty
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Elkem Metals Co LP
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Union Carbide Corp
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Application filed by Union Carbide Corp filed Critical Union Carbide Corp
Priority to US393505A priority Critical patent/US3929464A/en
Priority to CA207,037A priority patent/CA1024748A/en
Priority to DE2440205A priority patent/DE2440205B2/en
Priority to SE7411025A priority patent/SE7411025L/xx
Priority to GB3797774A priority patent/GB1476182A/en
Priority to IT52823/74A priority patent/IT1019175B/en
Priority to JP9984374A priority patent/JPS5624009B2/ja
Priority to NO743126A priority patent/NO743126L/no
Priority to BE148117A priority patent/BE819430A/en
Priority to FR7429677A priority patent/FR2242468B1/fr
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Publication of US3929464A publication Critical patent/US3929464A/en
Assigned to ELKEM METALS COMPANY, A NEW YORK GENERAL PARTNERSHIP reassignment ELKEM METALS COMPANY, A NEW YORK GENERAL PARTNERSHIP ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST. Assignors: UNION CARBIDE CORPORATION, A NY CORP.
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Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21C—PROCESSING OF PIG-IRON, e.g. REFINING, MANUFACTURE OF WROUGHT-IRON OR STEEL; TREATMENT IN MOLTEN STATE OF FERROUS ALLOYS
    • C21C1/00—Refining of pig-iron; Cast iron
    • C21C1/02—Dephosphorising or desulfurising

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a method of reducing the sulfur impurity of molten ferrous metals. More particularly, the present invention is directed to the I desulfurization of molten iron through the injection therein of calcium carbide.
  • a method in accordance with the present invention comprises the injection of very finely divided calcium carbide in a gas stream at moderate velocities well below the surface of a bath of molten iron, whereby the sulfur content of the iron is efficiently reduced to 0.015% and lower without the requirement of followup agitation treatment.
  • the present invention is suitable for the treatment of tonnage quantities of molten iron.
  • finely divided calcium carbide is provided, substantially all of which is not larger than 200 microns, at least about 50 percent being not larger than about 50 microns and at least about percent being not larger than about 10 microns; and the aggregate of the finely divided calcium carbide having a Fischer sub-sieve number of of less than about 12.0.
  • the preferred sizing for the finely divided calcium carbide is substantially all not larger than 200 microns, at least about 60 percent being not larger than about 50 microns and at least about percent being not larger than about 10 microns, and the aggregate of the finely divided calcium carbide having a Fischer sub-sieve number of less than 7.5.
  • Calcium carbide material of this nature can be prepared by milling commercially available calcium carbide, e.g. fine grade calcium carbide, the particles of which are substantially all in the range of 0.6 millimeter to 0.074 millimeter.
  • Finely divided calcium carbide having the sizing described above in accordance with the present invention can be readily injected into molten iron using a device of the type schematically illustrated in FIG. 1.
  • finely divided calcium carbide powder 1 is charged from container 2 via valve 3 into dispensing vessel 5 having at its lower portion a conventional fluidizing mechanism indicated at 7, which can be one of the various commercially available devices.
  • Fluidizing gas e.g. nitrogen
  • transport injection gas which can be nitrogen, or any other gas or moisture free gas such as dry air is introduced via valve 11 and carries the finely divided calcium carbide through flexible hose conduit 13 into lance 15, suitable made of 1 /4 inches l.D. standard extra-heavy steel pipe protected by refractory brick sleeve 17.
  • lance 15 is positioned in vessel 19, shown as a conventional torpedo car, and immersed in sulfur-containing molten pig iron 21 covered by a slag layer 23.
  • the vessel illustrated ordinarily contains from about 100 to 250 tons of molten metal at depths of from 4 to 9 feet.
  • the ratio by weight of calcium carbide to injection gas is maintained in the range of to 140 because a ratio less than about 75 results in excessively long injection times and a ratio greater than 140 results in undesirably poor desulfurization efficiency.
  • the calcium carbide containing gas is injected in the lower 75 percent of the depth of the molten iron. In actual practice the lower 10 percent has provided excellent results.
  • the velocity of the gas entering the molten iron is preferably in the range of about 5 to 15 feet per second.
  • the injection of calcium carbide was continued for 8 minutes 45 seconds at which time the temperature of the molten iron was about 2510F. at the end of this treatment the sulfur content of the iron was 0.015%.
  • the total amount of finely divided material injected into the iron was 9.4 lbs. per ton of iron (2.95 lbs. per ton of iron per 0.01% S); the rate of injection was'134.9 pounds per minute.
  • the calcium carbide efficiency based on the CaC content of the material was 22.9%.
  • the average calcium carbide efficiency based on the CaC, content of the material used was about 21.5%
  • finely vdivided particles of calcium carbide in a gas stream substantially all of said finely divided particles of calcium carbide being not larger than 200 microns, at least about 50 percent of said particles being not; larger than 50 microns and at least 20 percent being not larger than 10 microns and the aggregate of said particles of calcium carbide having a Fischer sub-sieve number of less than about 12.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Refinement Of Pig-Iron, Manufacture Of Cast Iron, And Steel Manufacture Other Than In Revolving Furnaces (AREA)
  • Treatment Of Steel In Its Molten State (AREA)

Abstract

Method of desulfurizing molten iron through the use of calcium carbide having a particular sizing.

Description

United States Patent [1 1 [111 3,929,464
Todd et al. Dec. 30, 1975 [54] DESULFURIZATION OF MOLTEN [58] Field of Search 75/53-56, 58
FERROUS METALS [75] Inventors: Lamar S. Todd, Tonawanda', Alan References Cited Fitzgibbon, Lewiston; Michael C. UNITED STATES PATENTS Carosella, Niagara Falls; Donald C. y Sanborn a" of NIY. 2,803,533 8/1957 Bienlosek 75/53 [73] Assignee: Union Carbide Corporation, New primary E p D Rosenberg York, Attorney, Agent, or FirmFrederick J. McCarthy, Jr.
[22] Filed: Aug. 31, 1973 21 Appl. No.: 393,505 [57] ABSTRACT Method of desulfurizing rnolten iron through the use 52 US. Cl 75/58; 75/53 calcum carbde havmg a part'cular [51] Int. Cl. C21C 7/00; C21C 7/02 5 Claims, 1 Drawing Figure l9 l5 I7 23 2| -'Z-''- 7 V :l
U.S. Patent Dec. 30, 1975 lllullll ll DESULFURIZATION O F MOLTEN FERROUS METALS The present invention relates to a method of reducing the sulfur impurity of molten ferrous metals. More particularly, the present invention is directed to the I desulfurization of molten iron through the injection therein of calcium carbide.
It is well known in the art to use additions of calcium carbide to molten iron in order to lower the sulfur content of the iron. U.S. Pat. No. 2,803,533, Bieniosek et a1 (1957 discloses a practice of injecting a fluidized stream of calcium carbide powder into molten iron to achieve desulfurization, and efficient calcium carbide per ton of iron. Such calcium carbide efficiency has been obtained with small quantities of iron and at relatively high final sulfur levels, but as later Bieniosek British Pat. No. 829,274 (1960) indicates, the injection of calcium carbide powder laden gas (powder size 1.168 mm to 0.074 mm) into molten iron requires a follow-up stream of carbide-free agitating gas to achieve reasonably efficient usage for lower final sulfur contents. U.S. Pat. No. 3,001,864, Muller et al (1961), also discloses the injection of a' fluidized stream of calcium carbide into molten iron specifying relatively high gas injection velocities to provide the vigorous agitation required for reacting molten iron with calcium carbide particles sized 100% minus 48 mesh (Tyler screen size.)
The foregoing calcium carbide injection practices leave something to be desired in view of requiring follow-up gas agitation and very high gas injection velocities.
It is therefore an object of the present invention to provide a one-step calcium carbide injection process for the desulfurization of molten iron requiring only moderate gas velocities and providing efficient calcium carbide usage and rapid desulfurization.
A method in accordance with the present invention comprises the injection of very finely divided calcium carbide in a gas stream at moderate velocities well below the surface of a bath of molten iron, whereby the sulfur content of the iron is efficiently reduced to 0.015% and lower without the requirement of followup agitation treatment. The present invention is suitable for the treatment of tonnage quantities of molten iron.
In practice of the present invention, finely divided calcium carbide is provided, substantially all of which is not larger than 200 microns, at least about 50 percent being not larger than about 50 microns and at least about percent being not larger than about 10 microns; and the aggregate of the finely divided calcium carbide having a Fischer sub-sieve number of of less than about 12.0. The preferred sizing for the finely divided calcium carbide is substantially all not larger than 200 microns, at least about 60 percent being not larger than about 50 microns and at least about percent being not larger than about 10 microns, and the aggregate of the finely divided calcium carbide having a Fischer sub-sieve number of less than 7.5. Calcium carbide material of this nature can be prepared by milling commercially available calcium carbide, e.g. fine grade calcium carbide, the particles of which are substantially all in the range of 0.6 millimeter to 0.074 millimeter.
Finely divided calcium carbide having the sizing described above in accordance with the present invention can be readily injected into molten iron using a device of the type schematically illustrated in FIG. 1.
With reference to FIG. 1, finely divided calcium carbide powder 1 is charged from container 2 via valve 3 into dispensing vessel 5 having at its lower portion a conventional fluidizing mechanism indicated at 7, which can be one of the various commercially available devices. Fluidizing gas, e.g. nitrogen, is introduced via valve 9 and transport injection gas, which can be nitrogen, or any other gas or moisture free gas such as dry air is introduced via valve 11 and carries the finely divided calcium carbide through flexible hose conduit 13 into lance 15, suitable made of 1 /4 inches l.D. standard extra-heavy steel pipe protected by refractory brick sleeve 17. As shown, lance 15 is positioned in vessel 19, shown as a conventional torpedo car, and immersed in sulfur-containing molten pig iron 21 covered by a slag layer 23. The vessel illustrated ordinarily contains from about 100 to 250 tons of molten metal at depths of from 4 to 9 feet.
In the practice of the present invention, the ratio by weight of calcium carbide to injection gas is maintained in the range of to 140 because a ratio less than about 75 results in excessively long injection times and a ratio greater than 140 results in undesirably poor desulfurization efficiency. Also, the calcium carbide containing gas is injected in the lower 75 percent of the depth of the molten iron. In actual practice the lower 10 percent has provided excellent results. The velocity of the gas entering the molten iron is preferably in the range of about 5 to 15 feet per second. With the aforedescribed combination of conditions, the sulfur content of molten iron, for metal amounts of to 200 tons, can be reduced to not more than 0.015% S, and lower, e.g. to 0.01% and lower, starting with initial sulfur contents ranging from 0.025% up to 0.075% S, at calcium carbide usages not exceeding 4 pounds per ton of iron per 0.01% S reduction, and with calcium carbide usage being suitably in the range of 1.5 to 4.0 pounds per ton of iron per 0.01% S reduction. This can be achieved without any after-treatment or supplemental agitation, and gas injection can be discontinued when the calculated required amount of calcium carbide in the abovementioned range has been introduced into the molten metal. The combination of conditions stated above is considered to provide the high efficiency of calcium carbide usage due to the higher reactivity of the very fine calcium carbide particles which travel and rise very slowly through molten metal because of their small size, and are not forced rapidly to the surface since the injection gas velocity is moderate, e.g., not more than 15 feet per second. The effective reaction time of the particles in molten metal is thus increased and the loss of fine particles at the metal surface, due to slag entrapment or otherwise, is decreased. In addition, excessive splashing and loss of metal thereby in the containing vessel is avoided due to the use of relatively low gas injection velocities.
The following example will further illustrate the present invention:
EXAMPLE Molten iron from a blast furnace in the amount of tons was provided in a torpedo car" vessel of the type shown in the drawing at atempera'tureof about 2530F. The analysis of the iron was 4.61% C, 1.03%
Si, 0.060 P, 0.047 S, 0.69% MnhA vertically oriented lance formed ofsteel pipe having an inner diameter of 1% inches was immersed in the molten iron' to a depth of about 2-3feet'fromthe bottom of the vessel. The height of the molten iron in the vessel was about 6-7 feet. Nitrogen gas was passed through the'injection lance at a rate of 13.6 cubic feet per minute and'a velocity of about 15 feet per second. Entrained in the nitrogen gas was finely divided calcium carbide sized in accordance with the present invention as indicated in the Table below: i
The ratio by weight of the finely divided calcium carbide, obtained by milling commercial finely divided (32 mesh) calcium carbide, to nitrogen, was about 127%. The injection of calcium carbide was continued for 8 minutes 45 seconds at which time the temperature of the molten iron was about 2510F. at the end of this treatment the sulfur content of the iron was 0.015%. The total amount of finely divided material injected into the iron was 9.4 lbs. per ton of iron (2.95 lbs. per ton of iron per 0.01% S); the rate of injection was'134.9 pounds per minute. The calcium carbide efficiency based on the CaC content of the material was 22.9%.
In a series of tests involving the treatment of more than 50 separate quantities of molten iron in the range of 100-200 tons, in accordance with the present invention, the average calcium carbide efficiency based on the CaC, content of the material used was about 21.5%
Additional tests using finely divided calcium carbide in accordance with the present invention have shown that with decreasing particle size and decreasing'Fischer sub-sieve number increased calcium carbide effi- 4 ciency is obtained. Tests using commercial finely divided calcium carbide designated 32 mesh (about 88% of particles in the range 590 microns to 74 microns) gave calcium carbide efficiencies which were less than about half .of that obtained with the practice of the present invention.
What is claimed is:
l. A method for lowering the sulfur content of molten iron from the range of about 0.025% to 0.075% to not more than 0.015% by the injection of calcium carbide into said molten iron said method not requiring agitation by gas injection subsequent to the injection of calcium carbideand requiringnot more than about 4 pounds of calcium carbide per ton of iron per 0.01% of sulfur removed in said range, said method comprising the steps of:
i. providing in a vessel molten iron containing sulfur impurity inan amount of at least 0.025%.
ii. providing finely vdivided particles of calcium carbide in a gas stream substantially all of said finely divided particles of calcium carbide being not larger than 200 microns, at least about 50 percent of said particles being not; larger than 50 microns and at least 20 percent being not larger than 10 microns and the aggregate of said particles of calcium carbide having a Fischer sub-sieve number of less than about 12.
iii. injecting said calcium carbide containing gas stream at a velocity of not more than about 15 feet per second into the lower 75% of the total depth of molten iron to thereby reduce the sulfur content of said molten iron and provide in said molten iron a sulfur content of not more than 0.015% upon termination of calcium carbide injection.
2. A method in accordance with claim 1 wherein said calcium carbide containing gas stream is injected into said molten iron by means of a vertically oriented tube substantially centrally located within said vessel.
3. A method in accordance with claim 2 wherein said calcium carbide containing gas stream is injected into the lower 10% of the total depth of molten iron.
4. A method in accordance with claim 1 wherein the ratio by weight of calcium carbide to gas in said gas stream is in therange of about 75 to 130.
5. A method in accordance with claim 1 wherein the injection of gas into said molten iron is discontinued when the total amount of calcium carbide injected into said molten iron reaches a value in the range of from about 1.5 to 4.0 pounds of calcium carbide per ton of iron per 0.01% of desired sulfur reduction.
I ax
" UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE CERTIFICATE OF CORRECTION Patent No. 4 Issue Date December 30, 1975 Inventor) Lamar S. Todd et al.
\ It is certified that error appears in the above-identified patent and that said Letters Patent are hereby corrected as shown below:
a r- I At Column 2, line 14 after "other" insert --inert-.
At: Column 3, line 34 delete "70" e I Signed and Sealed this iwenty-second Day Of June 1976 [SEAL] Attest:
RUTH C. MASON C. MARSHALL DANN Alfesli'lg f? Commissioner OfPaIems and Trademark; I

Claims (5)

1. A METHOD FOR LOWERING THE SULFUR CONTENT OF MOLTEN IRON FROM THE RANGE OF ABOUT 0.025% TO 0.075% TO NOT MORE THAN 0.015% BY THE INJECTION OF CALCIUM CARBIDE INTO SAID MOLTEN IRON SAID METHOD NOT REQUIRING AGITATION BY GAS INJECTION SUBSEQUENT TO THE INJECTION OF CALCIUM CARBIDE AND REQUIRING NOT MORE THAN ABOUT 4 POUNDS OF CALCIUM CARBIDE PER TON OF IRON PER 0.01% OF SULFUR REMOVED IN SAID RANGE, SAID METHOD COMPRISING THE STEPS OF: I. PROVIDING IN A VESSEL MOLTEN IRON CONTAINING SULFUR IMPURITY IN AN AMOUNT OF AT LEAST 0.025%. II. PROVIDING FINELY DIVIDE PARTICLES OF CALCIUM CARBIDE IN A GAS STREAM SUBSTANTIALLY ALL OF SAID FINELY DIVIDED PARTICLES OF CALCIUM CARBIDE BEING NOT LARGER THAN 200 MICRONS, AT LEAST ABOUT 50 PERCENT OF SAID PARTICLES BEING NOT LARGER THAN 50 MICRONS AND AT LEAST 20 PERCENT BEING NOT LARGER THAN 10 MICRONS AND THE AGGREGATE OF SAID PARTICLES OF CALCIUM CARBIDE HAVING A FISCHER SUB-SIEVE NUMBER OF LESS THAN ABOUT 12. III. INJECTING SAID CALCIUM CARBIDE CONTAINING GAS STREAM AT A VELOCITY OF NOT MORE THAN ABOUT 15 FEET PER SECOND INTO THE LOWER 75% OF THE TOTAL DEPTH OF MOLTEN IRON TO THEREBY REDUCE THE SULFUR CONTENT OF SAID MOLTEN IRON AND PROVIDE IN SAID MOLTEN IRON A SULFUR CONTENT OF NOT MORE THAN 0.015% UPON TERMINATION OF CALCIUM CARBIDE INJECTION.
2. A method in accordance with claim 1 wherein said calcium carbide containing gas stream is injected into said molten iron by means of a vertically oriented tube substantially centrally located within said vessel.
3. A method in accordance with claim 2 wherein said calcium carbide containing gas stream is injected into the lower 10% of the total depth of molten iron.
4. A method in accordance with claim 1 wherein the ratio by weight of calcium carbide to gas in said gas stream is in the range of about 75 to 130.
5. A method in accordance with claim 1 wherein the injection of gas into said molten iron is discontinued when the total amount of calcium carbide injected into said molten iron reaches a value in the range of from about 1.5 to 4.0 pounds of calcium carbide per ton of iron per 0.01% of desired sulfur reduction.
US393505A 1973-08-31 1973-08-31 Desulfurization of molten ferrous metals Expired - Lifetime US3929464A (en)

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Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US393505A US3929464A (en) 1973-08-31 1973-08-31 Desulfurization of molten ferrous metals
CA207,037A CA1024748A (en) 1973-08-31 1974-08-14 Desulfurization of molten ferrous metals
DE2440205A DE2440205B2 (en) 1973-08-31 1974-08-22 Process for reducing the sulfur content of molten iron
GB3797774A GB1476182A (en) 1973-08-31 1974-08-30 Desulphurization of molten ferrous metals
IT52823/74A IT1019175B (en) 1973-08-31 1974-08-30 PROCEDURE FOR THE DESULPHORATION OF FERROUS METALS
JP9984374A JPS5624009B2 (en) 1973-08-31 1974-08-30
SE7411025A SE7411025L (en) 1973-08-31 1974-08-30
NO743126A NO743126L (en) 1973-08-31 1974-08-30
BE148117A BE819430A (en) 1973-08-31 1974-08-30 PROCESS FOR REDUCING THE SULFUR CONTENT OF MELTED FERROUS METALS
FR7429677A FR2242468B1 (en) 1973-08-31 1974-08-30

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DE (1) DE2440205B2 (en)
FR (1) FR2242468B1 (en)
GB (1) GB1476182A (en)
IT (1) IT1019175B (en)
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Cited By (39)

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US3998625A (en) * 1975-11-12 1976-12-21 Jones & Laughlin Steel Corporation Desulfurization method
US4049442A (en) * 1975-01-08 1977-09-20 Suddeutsche Kalkstickstoff-Werke Aktiengesellschaft Composition for desulfurizing iron melts
US4067729A (en) * 1976-09-01 1978-01-10 Wolfgang Holzgruber Desulfurization of liquid iron melts
US4139369A (en) * 1976-09-17 1979-02-13 Hoechst Aktiengesellschaft Desulphurization of an iron melt
US4169724A (en) * 1977-02-26 1979-10-02 Skw Trostberg Aktiengesellschaft Desulfurization of iron melts
US4174965A (en) * 1977-06-02 1979-11-20 Swiss Aluminium Ltd. Process for the production of metal alloys
US4182626A (en) * 1977-06-25 1980-01-08 Hoechst Aktiengesellschaft Production of granular compositions containing pulverulent magnesium
US4194903A (en) * 1976-10-12 1980-03-25 Hoesch Werke Aktiengesellschaft Method of producing steel with the lowest possible sulfur content by desulfurization of pig iron with magnesium coke
US4194902A (en) * 1977-09-15 1980-03-25 Skw Trostberg Aktiengesellschaft Desulfurization agent for ferrous melts and method of using the same
US4198229A (en) * 1976-06-28 1980-04-15 Nippon Steel Corporation Method of dephosphorization of metal or alloy
US4199350A (en) * 1975-05-17 1980-04-22 Vacmetal Gesellschaft fur Vakuummetallurgie mbH Method for the production of quality steels
US4200458A (en) * 1978-09-06 1980-04-29 Scandinavian Lancers Aktiebolag Method for the alloying of a metal melt
US4232854A (en) * 1978-05-26 1980-11-11 Barbakadze Dzhondo F Method of introducing powdered reagents into molten metals and apparatus for effecting same
US4242126A (en) * 1979-07-11 1980-12-30 Skw Trostberg Aktiengesellschaft Process for the treatment of iron melts and for increasing the scrap portion in the converter
US4260417A (en) * 1979-11-05 1981-04-07 Ford Motor Company Batch desulfurization in a coreless induction furnace
US4266969A (en) * 1980-01-22 1981-05-12 Jones & Laughlin Steel Corporation Desulfurization process
US4277279A (en) * 1980-03-24 1981-07-07 Jones & Laughlin Steel Corporation Method and apparatus for dispensing a fluidized stream of particulate material
US4286774A (en) * 1980-04-22 1981-09-01 Victor Benatar System for automatically injecting a measured quantity of powdered reagent into a pool of molten metal
US4315773A (en) * 1979-11-27 1982-02-16 Skw Trostberg Aktiengesellschaft Desulfurization mixture and process for desulfurizing pig iron
US4347078A (en) * 1978-12-21 1982-08-31 Arbed S.A. Process and apparatus for the desulfurizing of iron melts
US4374664A (en) * 1979-02-16 1983-02-22 Nippon Steel Corporation Process for desulfurizing molten pig iron
US4395281A (en) * 1980-12-23 1983-07-26 Asea Ab Treating molten pig iron in a torpedo
USRE31676E (en) 1982-09-29 1984-09-18 Thyssen Aktiengesellschaft vorm August Thyssen-Hutte AG Method and apparatus for dispensing a fluidizable solid from a pressure vessel
US4483710A (en) * 1981-03-31 1984-11-20 Union Carbide Corporation Addition agent for adding vanadium to iron base alloys
FR2560216A1 (en) * 1984-02-24 1985-08-30 Clecim Sa Process and device for desulphurising liquid cast iron
US4592777A (en) * 1984-05-16 1986-06-03 Thyssen Stahl Ag Method, process and composition for desulfurizing pig-iron melts
US4738715A (en) * 1987-01-02 1988-04-19 Hart Metals, Inc. Desulfurizing reagent for hot metal
US4741771A (en) * 1985-12-06 1988-05-03 Centro Sperimentale Metallurgico S.P.A. Process for reduction of impurities content of hot metal
US4997167A (en) * 1988-08-04 1991-03-05 Elkem A/S Ladle inoculant dispenser
US5021086A (en) * 1990-07-05 1991-06-04 Reactive Metals And Alloys Corporation Iron desulfurization additive and method for introduction into hot metal
US5336293A (en) * 1992-08-13 1994-08-09 Alfred Freissmuth Desulfurizing agent for pig iron and cast iron, and process for desulfurization
US5358550A (en) * 1992-10-26 1994-10-25 Rossborough Manufacturing Company Desulfurization agent
US6352570B1 (en) 2000-04-10 2002-03-05 Rossborough Manufacturing Co., Lp Magnesium desulfurization agent
US6395058B2 (en) 2000-04-10 2002-05-28 Rossborough Manufacturing Co. L.P. Method of alloying ferrous material with magnesium injection agent
US20040074339A1 (en) * 2002-10-18 2004-04-22 Rossborough Manufacturing Company, A Delaware Corporation Process for magnesium granules
US20040083851A1 (en) * 2002-10-30 2004-05-06 Rossborough Manufacturing Company, A Delaware Corporation Reclaimed magnesium desulfurization agent
US6802894B2 (en) 1998-12-11 2004-10-12 Jeneric/Pentron Incorporated Lithium disilicate glass-ceramics
US20070221012A1 (en) * 2006-03-27 2007-09-27 Magnesium Technologies Corporation Scrap bale for steel making process
US20080196548A1 (en) * 2007-02-16 2008-08-21 Magnesium Technologies Corporation Desulfurization puck

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DE2656522C2 (en) * 1976-12-14 1978-11-09 Stahlwerke Peine-Salzgitter Ag, 3150 Peine Process for the desulphurization of pig iron
DE2839637A1 (en) * 1977-09-15 1979-03-22 British Steel Corp PROCESS FOR PRODUCING SULFURIZED STEEL
DE2934193A1 (en) * 1979-08-23 1981-03-26 Denki Kagaku Kogyo K.K., Tokio/Tokyo Desulphurising agent for molten pig iron - consists of mixt. of carbon, magnesium cpd., and calcium carbide
FR2688230A1 (en) * 1992-03-05 1993-09-10 Pechiney Electrometallurgie Desulphuriser for pig iron, based on ultrafine magnesium or calcium carbide powders which are agglomerated with a polymeric binder
FR2699931B1 (en) * 1992-12-31 1995-03-31 Lorraine Laminage Desulfurization process for ladle iron.
FR2747132B1 (en) * 1996-04-04 1998-06-19 Pechiney Electrometallurgie CALCIUM CARBIDE DESULFURING MIXTURE

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US4049442A (en) * 1975-01-08 1977-09-20 Suddeutsche Kalkstickstoff-Werke Aktiengesellschaft Composition for desulfurizing iron melts
US4199350A (en) * 1975-05-17 1980-04-22 Vacmetal Gesellschaft fur Vakuummetallurgie mbH Method for the production of quality steels
US3998625A (en) * 1975-11-12 1976-12-21 Jones & Laughlin Steel Corporation Desulfurization method
US4198229A (en) * 1976-06-28 1980-04-15 Nippon Steel Corporation Method of dephosphorization of metal or alloy
US4067729A (en) * 1976-09-01 1978-01-10 Wolfgang Holzgruber Desulfurization of liquid iron melts
US4139369A (en) * 1976-09-17 1979-02-13 Hoechst Aktiengesellschaft Desulphurization of an iron melt
US4194903A (en) * 1976-10-12 1980-03-25 Hoesch Werke Aktiengesellschaft Method of producing steel with the lowest possible sulfur content by desulfurization of pig iron with magnesium coke
US4169724A (en) * 1977-02-26 1979-10-02 Skw Trostberg Aktiengesellschaft Desulfurization of iron melts
US4174965A (en) * 1977-06-02 1979-11-20 Swiss Aluminium Ltd. Process for the production of metal alloys
US4182626A (en) * 1977-06-25 1980-01-08 Hoechst Aktiengesellschaft Production of granular compositions containing pulverulent magnesium
US4194902A (en) * 1977-09-15 1980-03-25 Skw Trostberg Aktiengesellschaft Desulfurization agent for ferrous melts and method of using the same
US4232854A (en) * 1978-05-26 1980-11-11 Barbakadze Dzhondo F Method of introducing powdered reagents into molten metals and apparatus for effecting same
US4200458A (en) * 1978-09-06 1980-04-29 Scandinavian Lancers Aktiebolag Method for the alloying of a metal melt
US4347078A (en) * 1978-12-21 1982-08-31 Arbed S.A. Process and apparatus for the desulfurizing of iron melts
US4374664A (en) * 1979-02-16 1983-02-22 Nippon Steel Corporation Process for desulfurizing molten pig iron
US4242126A (en) * 1979-07-11 1980-12-30 Skw Trostberg Aktiengesellschaft Process for the treatment of iron melts and for increasing the scrap portion in the converter
US4260417A (en) * 1979-11-05 1981-04-07 Ford Motor Company Batch desulfurization in a coreless induction furnace
US4315773A (en) * 1979-11-27 1982-02-16 Skw Trostberg Aktiengesellschaft Desulfurization mixture and process for desulfurizing pig iron
US4266969A (en) * 1980-01-22 1981-05-12 Jones & Laughlin Steel Corporation Desulfurization process
US4277279A (en) * 1980-03-24 1981-07-07 Jones & Laughlin Steel Corporation Method and apparatus for dispensing a fluidized stream of particulate material
US4286774A (en) * 1980-04-22 1981-09-01 Victor Benatar System for automatically injecting a measured quantity of powdered reagent into a pool of molten metal
US4395281A (en) * 1980-12-23 1983-07-26 Asea Ab Treating molten pig iron in a torpedo
US4483710A (en) * 1981-03-31 1984-11-20 Union Carbide Corporation Addition agent for adding vanadium to iron base alloys
USRE31676E (en) 1982-09-29 1984-09-18 Thyssen Aktiengesellschaft vorm August Thyssen-Hutte AG Method and apparatus for dispensing a fluidizable solid from a pressure vessel
FR2560216A1 (en) * 1984-02-24 1985-08-30 Clecim Sa Process and device for desulphurising liquid cast iron
US4592777A (en) * 1984-05-16 1986-06-03 Thyssen Stahl Ag Method, process and composition for desulfurizing pig-iron melts
US4741771A (en) * 1985-12-06 1988-05-03 Centro Sperimentale Metallurgico S.P.A. Process for reduction of impurities content of hot metal
US4738715A (en) * 1987-01-02 1988-04-19 Hart Metals, Inc. Desulfurizing reagent for hot metal
US4997167A (en) * 1988-08-04 1991-03-05 Elkem A/S Ladle inoculant dispenser
US5021086A (en) * 1990-07-05 1991-06-04 Reactive Metals And Alloys Corporation Iron desulfurization additive and method for introduction into hot metal
US5336293A (en) * 1992-08-13 1994-08-09 Alfred Freissmuth Desulfurizing agent for pig iron and cast iron, and process for desulfurization
US5358550A (en) * 1992-10-26 1994-10-25 Rossborough Manufacturing Company Desulfurization agent
US6802894B2 (en) 1998-12-11 2004-10-12 Jeneric/Pentron Incorporated Lithium disilicate glass-ceramics
US6395058B2 (en) 2000-04-10 2002-05-28 Rossborough Manufacturing Co. L.P. Method of alloying ferrous material with magnesium injection agent
US6383249B2 (en) 2000-04-10 2002-05-07 Rossborough Manufacturing Co. Lp Magnesium desulfurization agent
US6352570B1 (en) 2000-04-10 2002-03-05 Rossborough Manufacturing Co., Lp Magnesium desulfurization agent
US20040074339A1 (en) * 2002-10-18 2004-04-22 Rossborough Manufacturing Company, A Delaware Corporation Process for magnesium granules
US6770115B2 (en) 2002-10-18 2004-08-03 Remacor, Inc. Process for magnesium granules
US20040083851A1 (en) * 2002-10-30 2004-05-06 Rossborough Manufacturing Company, A Delaware Corporation Reclaimed magnesium desulfurization agent
US6989040B2 (en) 2002-10-30 2006-01-24 Gerald Zebrowski Reclaimed magnesium desulfurization agent
US20060021467A1 (en) * 2002-10-30 2006-02-02 Magnesium Technologies, Inc. Reclaimed magnesium desulfurization agent
US20070221012A1 (en) * 2006-03-27 2007-09-27 Magnesium Technologies Corporation Scrap bale for steel making process
US7731778B2 (en) 2006-03-27 2010-06-08 Magnesium Technologies Corporation Scrap bale for steel making process
US20080196548A1 (en) * 2007-02-16 2008-08-21 Magnesium Technologies Corporation Desulfurization puck

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SE7411025L (en) 1975-03-03
JPS5051409A (en) 1975-05-08
DE2440205A1 (en) 1975-03-27
DE2440205B2 (en) 1979-10-18
GB1476182A (en) 1977-06-10
FR2242468A1 (en) 1975-03-28
JPS5624009B2 (en) 1981-06-03
CA1024748A (en) 1978-01-24
FR2242468B1 (en) 1978-06-09
IT1019175B (en) 1977-11-10
NO743126L (en) 1975-03-24
BE819430A (en) 1975-02-28

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