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US3928657A - Strip shape correction on galvanising line - Google Patents

Strip shape correction on galvanising line Download PDF

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Publication number
US3928657A
US3928657A US393319A US39331973A US3928657A US 3928657 A US3928657 A US 3928657A US 393319 A US393319 A US 393319A US 39331973 A US39331973 A US 39331973A US 3928657 A US3928657 A US 3928657A
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Prior art keywords
sheet
coating
thickness
strip
coating material
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US393319A
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David Alun Armstrong
Kenneth Gill Lewis
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British Steel Corp
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British Steel Corp
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21D—WORKING OR PROCESSING OF SHEET METAL OR METAL TUBES, RODS OR PROFILES WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21D26/00—Shaping without cutting otherwise than using rigid devices or tools or yieldable or resilient pads, i.e. applying fluid pressure or magnetic forces
    • B21D26/14—Shaping without cutting otherwise than using rigid devices or tools or yieldable or resilient pads, i.e. applying fluid pressure or magnetic forces applying magnetic forces
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C2/00—Hot-dipping or immersion processes for applying the coating material in the molten state without affecting the shape; Apparatus therefor
    • C23C2/003—Apparatus
    • C23C2/0034—Details related to elements immersed in bath
    • C23C2/00342—Moving elements, e.g. pumps or mixers
    • C23C2/00344—Means for moving substrates, e.g. immersed rollers or immersed bearings
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C2/00—Hot-dipping or immersion processes for applying the coating material in the molten state without affecting the shape; Apparatus therefor
    • C23C2/003—Apparatus
    • C23C2/0038—Apparatus characterised by the pre-treatment chambers located immediately upstream of the bath or occurring locally before the dipping process
    • C23C2/004—Snouts
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C2/00—Hot-dipping or immersion processes for applying the coating material in the molten state without affecting the shape; Apparatus therefor
    • C23C2/14—Removing excess of molten coatings; Controlling or regulating the coating thickness
    • C23C2/16—Removing excess of molten coatings; Controlling or regulating the coating thickness using fluids under pressure, e.g. air knives
    • C23C2/18—Removing excess of molten coatings from elongated material
    • C23C2/20—Strips; Plates
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C2/00—Hot-dipping or immersion processes for applying the coating material in the molten state without affecting the shape; Apparatus therefor
    • C23C2/50—Controlling or regulating the coating processes
    • C23C2/51—Computer-controlled implementation
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C2/00—Hot-dipping or immersion processes for applying the coating material in the molten state without affecting the shape; Apparatus therefor
    • C23C2/50—Controlling or regulating the coating processes
    • C23C2/52—Controlling or regulating the coating processes with means for measuring or sensing
    • C23C2/524—Position of the substrate
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F29/00—Variable transformers or inductances not covered by group H01F21/00
    • H01F29/08—Variable transformers or inductances not covered by group H01F21/00 with core, coil, winding, or shield movable to offset variation of voltage or phase shift, e.g. induction regulators
    • H01F29/10—Variable transformers or inductances not covered by group H01F21/00 with core, coil, winding, or shield movable to offset variation of voltage or phase shift, e.g. induction regulators having movable part of magnetic circuit
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F7/00—Magnets
    • H01F7/06—Electromagnets; Actuators including electromagnets
    • H01F7/08—Electromagnets; Actuators including electromagnets with armatures
    • H01F7/10—Electromagnets; Actuators including electromagnets with armatures specially adapted for alternating current
    • H01F7/12—Electromagnets; Actuators including electromagnets with armatures specially adapted for alternating current having anti-chattering arrangements
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F7/00—Magnets
    • H01F7/06—Electromagnets; Actuators including electromagnets
    • H01F7/08—Electromagnets; Actuators including electromagnets with armatures
    • H01F7/18—Circuit arrangements for obtaining desired operating characteristics, e.g. for slow operation, for sequential energisation of windings, for high-speed energisation of windings

Definitions

  • ABSTRACT A method of correcting planar disconformities in moving metal (e.g., ferromagnetic) sheet, in which a said disconformity from a predetermined plane is detected, (e.g., by a magnetic field detector, and in which the sheet is flexed (e.g., by electromagnets) in dependence on the degree of the disconformity from the plane, the flexing being of such sense and magnitude as to urge the sheet to conform to the plane.
  • moving metal e.g., ferromagnetic
  • FIG. 3 FF :3 E: i7 675 145W (7Z7:J 3-1 8 STRIP SHAPE CORRECTION joN GALVANISING LINE' 1
  • This application is a division of applicatioriSer. No. 134,266, filed Apr. 1971 and non/US. Pat. No.
  • This invention relatesto a method of, and apparatus for correcting planar disconformities in moving metal sheet, especially ferromagnetic sheet.
  • the disconformities for example may be due to the shape of the sheet or due to momentary twisting or flexing of the 'sheet.
  • the term metal sheet is used in this specification to include metal'strip.
  • the strip issues from a bath of molten zinc at a highspeed andthe thickness of the zinc coating is controlled by a series of jets or a knife edge jet (air or super-heated steam) directed on to each side of the strip to blow the excess zinc back into the bath.
  • a series of jets or a knife edge jet air or super-heated steam directed on to each side of the strip to blow the excess zinc back into the bath.
  • the deviations from the intended plane can arise from the natural modes of vibration of the strip or from bad shape or from a combination of both.
  • the present invention provides a method of correcting planar disconformities in moving metal sheet in which a said disconformity from a predetermined plane is detected, and in which the sheet is flexed in dependence on the degree of the disconformity from the plane, the flexing being of such sense and magnitude as to urge the sheet to conform to the plane.
  • the sheet may be ferromagnetic sheet and may be flexed by a magnetic field.
  • the invention provides apparatus for correcting planar disconformities in moving metal sheet comprising means for detecting a said disconformity from a predetermined plane, and means for flexing the sheet in dependence on the degree of the disconformity from the plane 'sothat thesheet is urged to conform to the plane.
  • themeans for detecting may comprise a pluralityof disconformity detectors arranged so that in operation theyare distributed laterally of the sheetand closelyspaced therefrom, the detectors being independently operative to detect said disconfonnities, the means for flexing comprising a plurality of electromagnets selectively energisable by the detectors to develop said magnetic field.
  • detectors There may be two banks of detectors and electromagnets, the banks being arranged so that in operation the sheet passes between them, the detectors in one bank controlling the electromagnets in the other bank.
  • the detectors may conveniently be magnetic field detectors, but alternatively they may be capacitance detectors or ultrasonic transducers; back pres sure air gauges, etc. Alternatively; optical or microwave techniques may be employed;
  • a said magnetic field detector may be arranged to compare the reluctance of a magnetic circuit in operation containing the sheet and the reluctance of a magnetic circuit containing a dummy load, the reluctance of the magnetic circuit containing the sheet varying according to the disconformity of the sheet from the predetermined plane.
  • a said detector may be arranged to compare the reluctances of two magnetic circuits on opposite sides of the sheet, the difference between the reluctances varying according to the disconformity of the sheet from the predetermined plane.
  • a detector may be connected to a bridge circuit such that a disconformity in the sheet unbalances the bridge circuit to energise one or more said electromagnets.
  • a detector may be connected to electronic feedback amplifier such that a disconformity in the sheet alters the amplifier output to energise one or more said electromagnets.
  • the detectors are capacitance detectors, they may be connected in tuned circuits such that a disconformity in the sheet de-tunes a said circuit to energise a said electromagnet.
  • the invention is ofparticular utility when incorporated in apparatus for coating moving sheet or strip material where it is necessary for the strip to be momentarily maintained in an accurately planar configuration.
  • it may be incorporated in galvanising lines as mentioned above, to avoid fouling jet nozzles, and to control the coating thickness. It may also be advantageously employed in spray or powder coating plants where uniform depositions are required.
  • the thickness of a coating on the sheet may be controlled by urging the sheet to conform to the predetermined plane.
  • the strip would be maintained in a'plane equidistantly spaced between the jet nozzles or other coating controlling apparatus so as to have a uniform coating applied but it could conveniently be displaced so that a differential coating is applied on the two sides of the strip.
  • the coating apparatus may be adapted for coating both sides of the sheet, one with a thicker coating than the other, the means for flexing being adapted to urge the sheet to conform to a said plane which is uneq uallyspaced from means for controlling the coating thickness on respective sides of the sheet.
  • the electromagnetic field 'of one bank may be biassed (made stronger) so that the sheet or strip is displaced scribed, by way of example only, in connection with a nying drawings in which:
  • FIG. 1 illustrates a schematic side elevation 'of a hot dipping plant in a galvanising line
  • FIG. 2 illustrates an end elevation of this plant
  • FIG. 3 schematically illustrates the detectors and electro-magnets and their associated circuitry
  • FIGS. 4 and 5 show alternative forms of detectors.
  • preheated strip steel 1 issuing from a gaseous heating chambr passes tht ugh a sealed muffler 2 into a molten zlfi plating bath 3.
  • the strip passes around a roller bears agaifit a further roller 5 before issuihg upvvdfdly out from this bath towards a cooling afid hot dip galvanising line with reference to the accompa- 3 drying zone.
  • the members comprise proximity detectors 7 and electro-magnets 8.
  • the detectors and magnets are distributed laterally of the strip side-by-side on each side thereof with a detector and an associated magnet lying opposite one another on opposite sides of the strip, e.g., as shown in FIG. 3.
  • a detector 7 is in the fonn of a ferrite core 10 shaped in the manner of a letter H (two back-to-back U-shaped cores may suffice here).
  • the core is energised by an AC. source 11 and two A.C. windings l2, 13 are wound in opposite senses on one of its side limbs on either side of the centre limb about which, in turn, is wound a centretapped detector coil 14.
  • This coil is connected to a processing circuit 15 for energising the electro-magnet 8 associated with this detector in dependence on the ouput from the detector as will be described.
  • a dummy load 16 is located adjacent the detector core, the latter being equidistantly spaced between this load and the steel strip 1.
  • This signal is applied to the processing circuit 15 which, for a signal of one sign, i.e., indicative of the strip bowing towards the detector, develops a do output of a magnitude directly related to this signal for energising the associated electro-magnet 8.
  • the processing circuit 15 includes an electronic bridge circuit or a feedback amplifier which if the deformation of the strip exceeds a threshold value, energises the electromagnet and adjusts the energisation according to the extent of the deformation. On energisation, the attractive force developed by the electromagnet 8 is operative on the strip to draw it back towards the mid-plane whereupon the detector output falls to zero, realising the equilibrium condition again so that the strip tends to remain in this position as it passes by the jet nozzles.
  • each electromagnet 8 is energised only if the strip bows towards the detector 7 controlling the electromagnet, the detectors are arranged alternately on opposite sides of the strip so that bowing in either sense can be corrected.
  • FIG. 4 An alternative form of proximity detector is shown in FIG. 4.
  • the detector comprises a pair of U-shaped nickel-iron laminated cores 20, 21 disposed one on each side of the strip 1.
  • the cores are energised by an AC. source (not shown) via drive windings 22, 24.
  • AC. source not shown
  • detector coil 26, 27 is provided on each core 20, 21 the coils being connected in series and such that voltages induced in the coils are subtracted from each other.
  • the strip 1 fonns a magnetic circuit with each of the cores as indicated by the arrows 23, the reluctance of each magnetic circuit being dependent on the distance between the strip and the cores 20, 21.
  • the strip is in its median plane equidistant from each core 20, 21 the reluctances of the two magnetic circuits are equal and the induced voltages in the detector coils are equal and opposite.
  • the reluctances of the magnetic circuits becomes unequal and the induced voltages in the coils 26, 27 also are no longer equal. Thus an AC. voltage appears at output terminals 29.
  • the DC. signal is then fed to a bridge circuit or a feedback amplifier which controls the energisation of the electromagnet according to the degree of deformation of the strip, as mentioned in connection with the FIG. 3 apparatus.
  • a suitable arrangement of electromagnets for the FIG. 4 detector is in groups of six, three on each side of the strip, each group of six being provided with a detector. Correction of the strip shape in either direction then is available by energising either the three electromagnets of the group on one side of the strip, or the three electromagnets on the other side.
  • FIG. 5 shows another form of detectors, similar to that of FIG. 4 except that the cores 20, 21 are E- shaped, and a single drive coil 30 is provided on the centre arm of each core.
  • the detectors coils 26, 27 are connected in series as in FIG. 4, to provide an output which has the same characteristics as the output 29 in that figure.
  • a bank of capacitive probes may be employed, for example, each probe comprising an inner disc surrounded by an outer earthed guard ring.
  • the disc and the strip may be connected in a tuned circuit so that any change in the capacitance occasioned by movement of the strip out of the mid-plane de-tunes the circuit causing an associated electromagnet to be energised.
  • Another scheme which may be employed is to focus a light beam on to the strip and then monitor the area of the spot. If the strip bows then the area will increase and corrective action may be taken by energising the electromagnets as before. Alternatively, back-pressure air gauging or even ultra-sonic or micro-wave measuring techniques may be utilised.
  • these banks of detectors and electro-magnets may be disposed on both sides of the strip they may be located on one side only provided that they are biassed so as to detect not only the magnitude but the sense of any strip movement. Further, they could be located upstream of the steam jets instead of downstream as shown.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
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  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Computer Hardware Design (AREA)
  • Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
  • Coating With Molten Metal (AREA)

Abstract

A method of correcting planar disconformities in moving metal (e.g., ferromagnetic) sheet, in which a said disconformity from a predetermined plane is detected, (e.g., by a magnetic field detector, and in which the sheet is flexed (e.g., by electromagnets) in dependence on the degree of the disconformity from the plane, the flexing being of such sense and magnitude as to urge the sheet to conform to the plane.

Description

United States Patent [191 Armstrong et a1.
[ STRIP SHAPE CORRECTION ON GALVANISING LINE [75] Inventors: David Alun Armstrong, Swansea;
- Kenneth Gill Lewis, Port Talbot,
both of Wales [73] Assignee: British Steel Corporation, London,
England [22] Filed: Aug. 31, 1973 [21] Appl. No.: 393,319
Related US. Application Data [62] Division of Ser. No. 134,266, April 15, 1971, Pat.
[52] US. Cl. 427/47; 427/ 127; 427/349 [51] Int. Cl. HOIF 1/00 [58] Field of Search 117/131, 102, 114, 115, 117/64, 111 R, 234; 427/47, 127, 349
[56] References Cited UNITED STATES PATENTS 2,894,850 7/1959 Greene et al. 117/131 X Dec. 23, 1975 3,228,788 1/1966 TeplitZ 117/131 X 3,281,265 10/1966 Cauley 117/131 X 3,295,199 l/l967 Schrader 117/131 X 3,393,089 7/1968 Borzillo et a1. 117/131 X 3,518,109 6/1970 Halley 117/131 X 3,802,911 4/1974 La Camera 117/131 X Primary ExaminerBemard D. Pianajo Attorney, Agent, or FirmBacon & Thomas [57] ABSTRACT A method of correcting planar disconformities in moving metal (e.g., ferromagnetic) sheet, in which a said disconformity from a predetermined plane is detected, (e.g., by a magnetic field detector, and in which the sheet is flexed (e.g., by electromagnets) in dependence on the degree of the disconformity from the plane, the flexing being of such sense and magnitude as to urge the sheet to conform to the plane.
3 Claims, 5 Drawing Figures US. Patent Dec. 23, 1975 Sheet 1 of3 3,928,657
US. Patent Dec. 23, 1975 Sheet2of3 3,928,657
FIG. 3. FF :3 E: i7 675 145W (7Z7:J 3-1 8 STRIP SHAPE CORRECTION joN GALVANISING LINE' 1 This application is a division of applicatioriSer. No. 134,266, filed Apr. 1971 and non/US. Pat. No.
This invention relatesto a method of, and apparatus for correcting planar disconformities in moving metal sheet, especially ferromagnetic sheet. The disconformities for example may be due to the shape of the sheet or due to momentary twisting or flexing of the 'sheet. The term metal sheet is used in this specification to include metal'strip.
In the production of galvanised strip, the strip issues from a bath of molten zinc at a highspeed andthe thickness of the zinc coating is controlled by a series of jets or a knife edge jet (air or super-heated steam) directed on to each side of the strip to blow the excess zinc back into the bath. The closer these jets are to the surface of the strip the thinner is the coating of zinc, but it is difficult to produce a thin coat because deviations of the strip from the intended plane alter the strip/nozzle distance and in extreme cases the strip can scrape against the jet assembly and foul the orifice. The deviations from the intended plane can arise from the natural modes of vibration of the strip or from bad shape or from a combination of both. As a result, the galvanised strip is damaged, and further, the thickness of the coating is non-uniform. I 1 t It is an object of the hereafter specifically described and illustrated embodiment of the invention to overcome or at least mitigate this problem, but in its broad aspects the invention is not limited to this object.
From one aspect the present invention provides a method of correcting planar disconformities in moving metal sheet in which a said disconformity from a predetermined plane is detected, and in which the sheet is flexed in dependence on the degree of the disconformity from the plane, the flexing being of such sense and magnitude as to urge the sheet to conform to the plane. The sheet may be ferromagnetic sheet and may be flexed by a magnetic field.
From another aspect, the invention provides apparatus for correcting planar disconformities in moving metal sheet comprising means for detecting a said disconformity from a predetermined plane, and means for flexing the sheet in dependence on the degree of the disconformity from the plane 'sothat thesheet is urged to conform to the plane.
When the means for flexing are adapted to flex the sheet by means of a magnetic field, themeans for detecting may comprise a pluralityof disconformity detectors arranged so that in operation theyare distributed laterally of the sheetand closelyspaced therefrom, the detectors being independently operative to detect said disconfonnities, the means for flexing comprising a plurality of electromagnets selectively energisable by the detectors to develop said magnetic field.
There may be two banks of detectors and electromagnets, the banks being arranged so that in operation the sheet passes between them, the detectors in one bank controlling the electromagnets in the other bank. The detectors may conveniently be magnetic field detectors, but alternatively they may be capacitance detectors or ultrasonic transducers; back pres sure air gauges, etc. Alternatively; optical or microwave techniques may be employed;
4 and A said magnetic field detector may be arranged to compare the reluctance of a magnetic circuit in operation containing the sheet and the reluctance of a magnetic circuit containing a dummy load, the reluctance of the magnetic circuit containing the sheet varying according to the disconformity of the sheet from the predetermined plane.
Alternatively a said detector may be arranged to compare the reluctances of two magnetic circuits on opposite sides of the sheet, the difference between the reluctances varying according to the disconformity of the sheet from the predetermined plane.
A detector may be connected to a bridge circuit such that a disconformity in the sheet unbalances the bridge circuit to energise one or more said electromagnets.
Alternatively, a detector may be connected to electronic feedback amplifier such that a disconformity in the sheet alters the amplifier output to energise one or more said electromagnets.
When the detectors are capacitance detectors, they may be connected in tuned circuits such that a disconformity in the sheet de-tunes a said circuit to energise a said electromagnet.
The invention is ofparticular utility when incorporated in apparatus for coating moving sheet or strip material where it is necessary for the strip to be momentarily maintained in an accurately planar configuration. For example, it may be incorporated in galvanising lines as mentioned above, to avoid fouling jet nozzles, and to control the coating thickness. It may also be advantageously employed in spray or powder coating plants where uniform depositions are required.
Thus, the thickness of a coating on the sheet may be controlled by urging the sheet to conform to the predetermined plane.
Normally, the strip would be maintained in a'plane equidistantly spaced between the jet nozzles or other coating controlling apparatus so as to have a uniform coating applied but it could conveniently be displaced so that a differential coating is applied on the two sides of the strip.
Thus the coating apparatus may be adapted for coating both sides of the sheet, one with a thicker coating than the other, the means for flexing being adapted to urge the sheet to conform to a said plane which is uneq uallyspaced from means for controlling the coating thickness on respective sides of the sheet. For example, when two banks of electromagnets areprovided. the electromagnetic field 'of one bank may be biassed (made stronger) so that the sheet or strip is displaced scribed, by way of example only, in connection with a nying drawings in which:
FIG. 1 illustrates a schematic side elevation 'of a hot dipping plant in a galvanising line;
FIG. 2 illustrates an end elevation of this plant;
FIG. 3 schematically illustrates the detectors and electro-magnets and their associated circuitry, and
FIGS. 4 and 5 show alternative forms of detectors.
Referfing now to FIGS. 1 and 2 in the drawings, preheated strip steel 1 issuing from a gaseous heating chambr passes tht ugh a sealed muffler 2 into a molten zlfi plating bath 3. The strip passes around a roller bears agaifit a further roller 5 before issuihg upvvdfdly out from this bath towards a cooling afid hot dip galvanising line with reference to the accompa- 3 drying zone.
As the strip issues from the bath steam issuing from a series of jets 6 plays upon it from opposite sides to control the zinc coating and blow any excess zinc back into the bath so as to provide a uniform coating on the strip.
The apparatus thus far described is conventional.
In order now to constrain the strip to lie in a predeter'mined median or mid-plane equidistantly between these jets as it passes by them there is located adjacent to these jets two opposed banks of magnetic members, between which the strip passes. The members comprise proximity detectors 7 and electro-magnets 8. The detectors and magnets are distributed laterally of the strip side-by-side on each side thereof with a detector and an associated magnet lying opposite one another on opposite sides of the strip, e.g., as shown in FIG. 3.
In particular, referring now to this figure, a detector 7 is in the fonn of a ferrite core 10 shaped in the manner of a letter H (two back-to-back U-shaped cores may suffice here). The core is energised by an AC. source 11 and two A.C. windings l2, 13 are wound in opposite senses on one of its side limbs on either side of the centre limb about which, in turn, is wound a centretapped detector coil 14. This coil is connected to a processing circuit 15 for energising the electro-magnet 8 associated with this detector in dependence on the ouput from the detector as will be described.
A dummy load 16 is located adjacent the detector core, the latter being equidistantly spaced between this load and the steel strip 1.
With this arrangement, then with the strip 1 lying centrally in the magnetic circuits created by the detectors, there is no output from the detector coils 14 and the electromagnets remain de-energized. Should the strip passing these detectors exhibit bad shape, however, so that it bows outwardly from the mid-plane, e.g., as shown in the chain-dotted outline, the reluctance of the magnetic circuit including the strip differs from the reluctance of the circuit including the dummy load and, as a result, a finite output signal is developed across the detector coil.
This signal is applied to the processing circuit 15 which, for a signal of one sign, i.e., indicative of the strip bowing towards the detector, develops a do output of a magnitude directly related to this signal for energising the associated electro-magnet 8. The processing circuit 15 includes an electronic bridge circuit or a feedback amplifier which if the deformation of the strip exceeds a threshold value, energises the electromagnet and adjusts the energisation according to the extent of the deformation. On energisation, the attractive force developed by the electromagnet 8 is operative on the strip to draw it back towards the mid-plane whereupon the detector output falls to zero, realising the equilibrium condition again so that the strip tends to remain in this position as it passes by the jet nozzles. As a result any tendency for the strip to foul these nozzles is minimised. Because each electromagnet 8 is energised only if the strip bows towards the detector 7 controlling the electromagnet, the detectors are arranged alternately on opposite sides of the strip so that bowing in either sense can be corrected.
An alternative form of proximity detector is shown in FIG. 4. The detector comprises a pair of U-shaped nickel-iron laminated cores 20, 21 disposed one on each side of the strip 1. The cores are energised by an AC. source (not shown) via drive windings 22, 24. A
detector coil 26, 27 is provided on each core 20, 21 the coils being connected in series and such that voltages induced in the coils are subtracted from each other. The strip 1 fonns a magnetic circuit with each of the cores as indicated by the arrows 23, the reluctance of each magnetic circuit being dependent on the distance between the strip and the cores 20, 21. When the strip is in its median plane equidistant from each core 20, 21 the reluctances of the two magnetic circuits are equal and the induced voltages in the detector coils are equal and opposite. When the strip is deformed out of the median plane, the reluctances of the magnetic circuits becomes unequal and the induced voltages in the coils 26, 27 also are no longer equal. Thus an AC. voltage appears at output terminals 29.
There is a phase shift of between the voltage produced by a leftward deformation of the strip and by a rightward deformation. This enables the output voltage to be electronically processed to provide a DC. signal whose magnitude indicates the size of the deformatiaon and whose polarity indicates the direction of the deformation.
The DC. signal is then fed to a bridge circuit or a feedback amplifier which controls the energisation of the electromagnet according to the degree of deformation of the strip, as mentioned in connection with the FIG. 3 apparatus.
A suitable arrangement of electromagnets for the FIG. 4 detector is in groups of six, three on each side of the strip, each group of six being provided with a detector. Correction of the strip shape in either direction then is available by energising either the three electromagnets of the group on one side of the strip, or the three electromagnets on the other side.
FIG. 5 shows another form of detectors, similar to that of FIG. 4 except that the cores 20, 21 are E- shaped, and a single drive coil 30 is provided on the centre arm of each core. The detectors coils 26, 27 are connected in series as in FIG. 4, to provide an output which has the same characteristics as the output 29 in that figure.
Although the invention has been described with reference to the particular embodiment illustrated it is to be understood that various modifications and alterations may be made without departing from the scope of this invention. For example, it is not essential to use magnetic proximity detectors and, as mentioned above, a variety of other forms of detectors may be used. A bank of capacitive probes may be employed, for example, each probe comprising an inner disc surrounded by an outer earthed guard ring. The disc and the strip may be connected in a tuned circuit so that any change in the capacitance occasioned by movement of the strip out of the mid-plane de-tunes the circuit causing an associated electromagnet to be energised.
Another scheme which may be employed is to focus a light beam on to the strip and then monitor the area of the spot. If the strip bows then the area will increase and corrective action may be taken by energising the electromagnets as before. Alternatively, back-pressure air gauging or even ultra-sonic or micro-wave measuring techniques may be utilised.
It is not necessary furthermore for these banks of detectors and electro-magnets to be disposed on both sides of the strip they may be located on one side only provided that they are biassed so as to detect not only the magnitude but the sense of any strip movement. Further, they could be located upstream of the steam jets instead of downstream as shown.
We claim:
1. In a method of coating a moving ferromagnetic metal sheet with a layer of material of uniform thickness wherein there is applied to at least one side of the moving metal sheet at a coating station a layer of liquid coating material of greater thickness than the thickness to remain on the sheet as the finish coating, and the coated sheet is moved past a rectilinear station where a portion of the coating material is removed, the improvement comprising the steps of controlling the moving ferromagnetic metal sheet to conform momentarily to a predetermined plane parallelwith and disposed closely adjacent said rectilinear coating removal station by detector disconformity of the sheet from the predetermined plane, and applying directly to the sheet at the region of the disconformity a force which has a component normal to the sheet surface and which is dependent on the degree of disconformity, the force being a magnetic field of such size and magnitude as to urge the sheet to conform to the plane, and removing a portion of said coating material while said moving sheet is momentarily conformed to said predetermined plane whereby a finish coating layer of uniform thickness remains on the moving sheet.
2. A method according to claim 1 in which the ferromagnetic sheet is coated on both sides with a layer of liquid coating material of greater thickness than the thickness to remain on the sheet as the finish coating and the coated sheet is moved between a pair of parallel, spaced apart, rectilinear stations where a portion of the coating material is removed from both sides of the coated sheet, said predetermined plane being disposed midway between said rectilinear stations whereby the thickness of the coating remaining on the two sides of the finished sheet will be uniform and equal.
3. A method according to claim 1 in which the ferromagnetic sheet is coated on both sides with a layer of liquid coating material of greater thickness than the thickness to remain on the sheet as the finish coating and the coated sheet is moved between a pair of parallel, spaced apart, rectilinear stations where a portion of the, coating material is removed from both sides of the coated sheet, said predetermined plane being disposed closer to one of said pair of rectilinear stations than the other one whereby a greater portion of the coating material will be removed from one side of said sheet than from the other side, the thickness of the coating remaining on said one side will be less than that remaining on said other side, and the finish coating remaining on each side of the sheet will be of uniform thickness.

Claims (3)

1. IN A METHOD OF COATING A MOVING FERROMAGNETIC METAL SHEET WITH A LAYER OF MATERIAL OF UNIFORM THICKNESS WHEREIN THERE IS APPLIED TO AT LEAST ONE SIDE OF THE MOVING METAL SHEET AT A COATING STATION OF LIQUID COATING MATERIAL OF GREATER THICKNESS THAN THE THICKNESS TO REMAIN ON THE SHEET AS THE FINISH COATING, AND THE COATED SHEET IS MOVED PAST A RECTILINEAR STATION WHERE A PORTION OF THE COATING MATERIAL IS REMOVED, THE IMPROVEMENT COMPRISING THE STEPS OF CONTROLLING THE MOVING FERROMAGNETIC METAL SHEET TO CONFORM MOMENTARILY TO PREDETERMINED PLANE PARALLEL WITH AND DISPOSED CLOSELY ADJACENT SAID RECITILINEAR COATING REMOVAL STATION BY DETECTOR DISCONFORMITY OF THE SHEET FROM THE PREDETERMINED PLANE, AND APPLYING DIRECTLY TO THE SHEET AT THE REGION OF THE DISCONFORMITY A FORCE WHICH HAS A COMPONENT NORMAL TO THE SHEET SURFACE AND WHICH IS DEPENDENT ON THE DEGREE OF DISCONFORMITY, THE FORCE BEING A MAGNETIC FIELD OF SUCH SIZE AND MAGNITUDE AS TO URGE THE SHEET TO CONFORM TO THE PLANE, AND REMOVING A PORTION OF SAID COATING MATERIAL WHILE SAID MOVING SHEET IS MOMENTARILY CONFORMED TO SAID PREDETERMINED PLANE WHEREBY A FINISH COATIN LAYER OF UNIFORM THICKNESS REMAINS ON THE MOVING SHEET.
2. A method according to claim 1 in which the ferromagnetic sheet is coated on both sides with a layer of liquid coating material of greater thickness than the thickness to remain on the sheet as the finish coating and the coated sheet is moved between a pair of parallel, spaced apart, rectilinear stations where a portion of the coating material is removed from both sides of the coated sheet, said predetermined plane being disposed midway between said rectilinear stations whereby the thickness of the coating remaining on the two sides of the finished sheet will be uniform and equal.
3. A method according to claim 1 in which the ferromagnetic sheet is coated on both sides with a layer of liquid coating material of greater thickness than the thickness to remain on the sheet as the finish coating and the coated sheet is moved between a pair of parallel, spaced apart, rectilinear stations where a portion of the coating material is removed from both sides of the coated sheet, said predetermined plane being disposed closer to one of said pair of rectilinear stations than the other one whereby a greater portion of the coating material will be removed from one side of said sheet than from the other side, the thickness of the coating remaining on said one side will be less than that remaining on said other side, and the finish coating remaining on each side of the sheet will be of uniform thickness.
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US4385587A (en) * 1980-10-10 1983-05-31 Dysan Corporation Apparatus for processing a flexible magnetic recording medium
US4911950A (en) * 1986-06-30 1990-03-27 Matsushita Electric Industrial Co., Ltd. Method of smoothing magnetic film
US5384166A (en) * 1991-06-25 1995-01-24 Nkk Corporation Method for controlling coating weight on a hot-dipped steel strip
US20100050722A1 (en) * 2008-09-04 2010-03-04 Ungerer GmbH & Co. KG Method and apparatus for improving mechanical properties of magnetically activatable materials

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US4385587A (en) * 1980-10-10 1983-05-31 Dysan Corporation Apparatus for processing a flexible magnetic recording medium
US4911950A (en) * 1986-06-30 1990-03-27 Matsushita Electric Industrial Co., Ltd. Method of smoothing magnetic film
US5384166A (en) * 1991-06-25 1995-01-24 Nkk Corporation Method for controlling coating weight on a hot-dipped steel strip
US20100050722A1 (en) * 2008-09-04 2010-03-04 Ungerer GmbH & Co. KG Method and apparatus for improving mechanical properties of magnetically activatable materials
WO2010025884A1 (en) * 2008-09-04 2010-03-11 Ungerer Gmbh + Co. Kg Method and apparatus for improving mechanical properties of materials that can be magnetically activated
CN102143811A (en) * 2008-09-04 2011-08-03 恩勒两合公司 Method and apparatus for improving mechanical properties of materials that can be magnetically activated
US8297095B2 (en) 2008-09-04 2012-10-30 Ungerer Gmbh + Co. Kg Method and apparatus for improving mechanical properties of magnetically activatable materials
CN102143811B (en) * 2008-09-04 2014-08-20 恩勒两合公司 Method and apparatus for improving mechanical properties of materials that can be magnetically activated
TWI485260B (en) * 2008-09-04 2015-05-21 Ungerer Gmbh & Co Kg METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR IMPROVING THE MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF MAGNETIC MATERIALS

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