US3923539A - Method concentrate and solution for simultaneous cleaning, degreasing and removal of the lubricant carrier layer from iron and steel workpieces - Google Patents
Method concentrate and solution for simultaneous cleaning, degreasing and removal of the lubricant carrier layer from iron and steel workpieces Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US3923539A US3923539A US332055A US33205573A US3923539A US 3923539 A US3923539 A US 3923539A US 332055 A US332055 A US 332055A US 33205573 A US33205573 A US 33205573A US 3923539 A US3923539 A US 3923539A
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- solution
- removal
- degreasing
- carrier layer
- cobalt
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 16
- 239000000314 lubricant Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 15
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 8
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 title claims description 16
- 238000005238 degreasing Methods 0.000 title claims description 7
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 7
- 239000012141 concentrate Substances 0.000 title abstract description 7
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 title description 3
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 title description 3
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K phosphate Chemical compound [O-]P([O-])([O-])=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 239000010941 cobalt Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt atom Chemical compound [Co] GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 229910001429 cobalt ion Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 239000012670 alkaline solution Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 229910019142 PO4 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000010452 phosphate Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910017052 cobalt Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- XLJKHNWPARRRJB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt(2+) Chemical compound [Co+2] XLJKHNWPARRRJB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910021645 metal ion Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229940085991 phosphate ion Drugs 0.000 claims description 4
- VEQPNABPJHWNSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel(2+) Chemical compound [Ni+2] VEQPNABPJHWNSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 2
- 229910001453 nickel ion Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 2
- JEIPFZHSYJVQDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron(III) oxide Inorganic materials O=[Fe]O[Fe]=O JEIPFZHSYJVQDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- 235000021317 phosphate Nutrition 0.000 description 12
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 5
- 150000003013 phosphoric acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphoric acid Chemical class OP(O)(O)=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000003945 anionic surfactant Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000002736 metal compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000002736 nonionic surfactant Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000011007 phosphoric acid Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000004094 surface-active agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- IAYPIBMASNFSPL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene oxide Chemical compound C1CO1 IAYPIBMASNFSPL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002202 Polyethylene glycol Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000006096 absorbing agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000013543 active substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012298 atmosphere Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 1
- UFMZWBIQTDUYBN-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt dinitrate Chemical compound [Co+2].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O UFMZWBIQTDUYBN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910001981 cobalt nitrate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- XPPKVPWEQAFLFU-UHFFFAOYSA-N diphosphoric acid Chemical compound OP(O)(=O)OP(O)(O)=O XPPKVPWEQAFLFU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- -1 fatty alcohol sulfates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000002191 fatty alcohols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000002334 glycols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000002401 inhibitory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000003960 organic solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003208 petroleum Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000003016 phosphoric acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229920001223 polyethylene glycol Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000151 polyglycol Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000010695 polyglycol Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002265 prevention Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229940005657 pyrophosphoric acid Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 238000007493 shaping process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011282 treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000080 wetting agent Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23G—CLEANING OR DE-GREASING OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY CHEMICAL METHODS OTHER THAN ELECTROLYSIS
- C23G1/00—Cleaning or pickling metallic material with solutions or molten salts
- C23G1/14—Cleaning or pickling metallic material with solutions or molten salts with alkaline solutions
- C23G1/19—Iron or steel
Definitions
- the alkaline solution contains phosphate ions and either cobalt or nickel ions or a mixture of [51] Int. Cl. ..C23g 1/16;C11d7/16;C23g1/20 th t U fth hl I t [58] Field of Search 252/146, 147, 387. 79.1, e be 0 e so u e p5 preen m m 5 age rusting and the problems resulting therefrom.
- Aqueous alkaline solutions based on soluble phosphates are often used for simultaneous removal (cleaning) of the lubricant carrier layers and the lubricant residues.
- Salts of orthophosphoric acid and/or salts of condensed phosphates come into consideration as phosphates.
- the treated workpieces are subject to considerable danger of rusting upon leaving the removal zone, and the rust occurs particularly in the transition zones between processing stages.
- the susceptibility to rust is also at least partially due to the deformation of the workpiece, and thus the change in the surface structure of the material.
- long carry-over times can sometimes intervene between the cleaning bath and the rinsing baths.
- the parts cleaned with the phosphate solution rust slightly during this time. However, this is undesirable and greatly interferes with subsequent treatments, especially for subsequent phosphation.
- the rust-inhibiting effect is attained upon the addition of at least 0.05 g/l of the metal compound, calculated as cobalt and/or nickel. Quantities of more than g/l offer no additional advantage. Preferably, 0.1 to 2 g/l of the metal or metals is added.
- Suitable cobalt salts include cobalt nitrate, cobalt sulfate, cobalt acetate, cobalt chloride.
- Suitable nickel compounds include nickel nitrate, nickel sulfate, nickel chloride, nickel acetate.
- the phosphates used in the cleaner in accordance with the invention primarily include those of condensed phosphoric acids, especially pyrophosphoric acid.
- the phosphate content advantageously amounts to 5 to 80 g/l, preferably to 50 g/l, calculated as P 0
- the aqueous cleaning solution normally has a pH of 8-13, and preferably the pH is kept in the range of 9-12.
- surface-active substances and/or solvents may be included.
- Suitable surfactants include anionic surfactants such as alkybenzencsulfonates, fatty alcohol sulfates, etc., or nonionic surfactants, such as ethylene oxide addition products to alkylphenols or fatty alcohols.
- nonionic surfactants When nonionic surfactants are used, it is necessary to make sure that these surfactants possess sufficient solubility at the concentration and temperature used.
- anionic surfactants are used. It is advantageous to add O.l3 g/l wetting agent.
- Organic solvents such as higherboiling hydrocarbons (kero- 2 sene, petroleum), glycols, or polyglycols are advantageously used in quantities of 0.510 g/l.
- the cleansing solution in accordance with the inven tion can advantageously be prepared from a solid cleanser concentrate.
- a concentrate preferably has the following composition:
- An alkaline phosphate-containing aqueous solution for the simultaneous cleaning degreasing and removal of a cold forming lubricant carrier layer from workpieces containing iron, comprising 5-80 g/l phosphate ion and at least 0.05 g/l of cobalt ion and having a pH adjusted to a value between 8 and 13.
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Cleaning And De-Greasing Of Metallic Materials By Chemical Methods (AREA)
Abstract
Alkaline concentrate and aqueous solution for removing lubricant carrier and residue from iron containing surfaces. The alkaline solution contains phosphate ions and either cobalt or nickel ions or a mixture of the two. Use of the solution helps prevent inter stage rusting and the problems resulting therefrom.
Description
United States Patent Jorns 1 1 Dec. 2, 1975 1 1 METHOD CONCENTRATE AND SOLUTION [56] References Cited FOR SIMULTANEOUS CLEANING, UNITED STATES PATENTS DEGREASING AND REMOVAL OF THE 2.499.261 2/1950 Roscnhloom 1 17/127 LUBRICANT CARRIER LAYER FR M IR N 2.813.075 11/1957 Brooke 252/855 AND STEEL WORKPIECES 2.916.459 12/1959 Arnold 252/152 3.015.630 l 1962 Th 252 101 [751 lnventor: Peter Jorns, Frankfurt am Main. 3J5 087 911964 2521387 Germany 3.668.132 6/1972 Finder 134/2 [73] Assigneel y Meta] Industries Corporationq 3.723.334 3/1973 Maurer 21/27 R Warren, Mich. Primary E.\'aminerBarry S. Richman 1 1 "led? 1973 Assistant E.\umincrDale Lovercheck [21] AppL NO; 332,055 Attorney. Agent. or Firm-Arthur E. Kluegel; Richard P. Mueller; B. F. Claeboe [30] Foreign Application Priority Data [57] ABSTRACT 1972 Germany 2207848 Alkaline concentrate and aqueous solution for removing lubricant carrier and residue from iron containing 134/2 134/40 3 0 surfaces. The alkaline solution contains phosphate ions and either cobalt or nickel ions or a mixture of [51] Int. Cl. ..C23g 1/16;C11d7/16;C23g1/20 th t U fth hl I t [58] Field of Search 252/146, 147, 387. 79.1, e be 0 e so u e p5 preen m m 5 age rusting and the problems resulting therefrom.
4 Claims. N0 Drawings METHOD CONCENTRATE AND SOLUTION FOR SIMULTANEOUS CLEANING, DEGREASING AND REMOVAL OF THE LUBRICANT CARRIER LAYER FROM IRON AND STEEL WORKPIECES BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION Prior to the forming of metal workpieces, it is customary to apply chemical coatings, particularly phosphate layers, to their surfaces, and to carry out the forming in the presence of lubricants. The residues located on the surface after the forming may interfere with the further processing or use of the workpieces, so that their removal is necessary.
Aqueous alkaline solutions based on soluble phosphates are often used for simultaneous removal (cleaning) of the lubricant carrier layers and the lubricant residues. Salts of orthophosphoric acid and/or salts of condensed phosphates come into consideration as phosphates. However, it has been found that the treated workpieces are subject to considerable danger of rusting upon leaving the removal zone, and the rust occurs particularly in the transition zones between processing stages. The susceptibility to rust is also at least partially due to the deformation of the workpiece, and thus the change in the surface structure of the material. In automatically timed systems, long carry-over times can sometimes intervene between the cleaning bath and the rinsing baths. The parts cleaned with the phosphate solution rust slightly during this time. However, this is undesirable and greatly interferes with subsequent treatments, especially for subsequent phosphation.
THE INVENTION It has not been found that this disadvantageous susceptibility to rust can be avoided by adding to the cleaning solution soluble metal compounds of nickel and/or cobalt, preferably cobalt.
The rust-inhibiting effect is attained upon the addition of at least 0.05 g/l of the metal compound, calculated as cobalt and/or nickel. Quantities of more than g/l offer no additional advantage. Preferably, 0.1 to 2 g/l of the metal or metals is added.
Suitable cobalt salts include cobalt nitrate, cobalt sulfate, cobalt acetate, cobalt chloride. Suitable nickel compounds include nickel nitrate, nickel sulfate, nickel chloride, nickel acetate.
The phosphates used in the cleaner in accordance with the invention primarily include those of condensed phosphoric acids, especially pyrophosphoric acid. The phosphate content advantageously amounts to 5 to 80 g/l, preferably to 50 g/l, calculated as P 0 The aqueous cleaning solution normally has a pH of 8-13, and preferably the pH is kept in the range of 9-12. In order to increase the cleansing effect of the aqueous solution, surface-active substances and/or solvents may be included. Suitable surfactants include anionic surfactants such as alkybenzencsulfonates, fatty alcohol sulfates, etc., or nonionic surfactants, such as ethylene oxide addition products to alkylphenols or fatty alcohols. When nonionic surfactants are used, it is necessary to make sure that these surfactants possess sufficient solubility at the concentration and temperature used. Preferably, anionic surfactants are used. It is advantageous to add O.l3 g/l wetting agent. Organic solvents, such as higherboiling hydrocarbons (kero- 2 sene, petroleum), glycols, or polyglycols are advantageously used in quantities of 0.510 g/l.
The cleansing solution in accordance with the inven tion can advantageously be prepared from a solid cleanser concentrate. Such a concentrate preferably has the following composition:
907: NzuP o,
O 1071 Na;,P O
0 20% solvent The use of the cleanser in accordance with the invention will be explained in greater detail on the basis of the following examples:
EXAMPLE I Intermediate stages from shock-absorber piping manufacture, which were covered with a residual phosphate and lubricant layer, were cleaned in a cleanser solution containing 46 g/l Na,P,O calc.
2 g/l Na P O caIc. 1 g/l polyethylene glycol (molecular weight ca. 4000) for 10 min. at C. After this time, the phosphate and lubricant residues were completely removed from the surface of the workpiece. Following the cleaning, the parts were slowly introduced into a water rinsing bath within 60 sec, and rinsed vigorously there.
During the transport of the workpieces from the cleansing bath to the water rinsing bath, a very thick layer of rust was formed.
In a parallel experiment, 1.24 g/l Co(NO 6 H O (corresponding to 0.25 g/l Co) were added to the cleaning solution. In this experiment, no formation of heavy rust on the workpieces occurred.
During the subsequently performed phosphation, when the Co-free cleaner bath was used, phosphate layers flecked irregularly with rust were formed, and led to substantial disturbances during the subsequent defor mation stage. When the Co-containing cleaner bath was used, no difficulties of this type occurred in the phosphation and shaping processes.
EXAMPLE II In order to determine the influence of the Co concentration on the prevention of heavy rust formation, 0-5 g/l of Co in the form of cobalt nitrate were added to the cleaning bath according to Example I. In the various cleaning baths, drawing blanks covered with residual phosphate and lubricant layers were cleaned for 10 min at 95C. The cleaned parts were then kept in the vapor atmosphere of the cleaning bath up to the beginning of heavy rust formation. The experimental results thus obtained are presented in the following table.
TABLE Addition. g/l Co Beginning of heavy rust formation after ca.... minutes TABLE-continued Addition g/l Co Beginning of heavy rust formation after ca... minutes EXAMPLE lll l. A method for the simultaneous cleaning, degreasing and removal of a cold-forming lubricant carrier layer from workpieces containing iron comprising con- 4 taeting said workpiece with an aqueous alkaline solution comprising 5-80 g/l phosphate ion and at least 0.05 g/l of a metal ion selected from the group consisting of cobalt. nickel and mixtures thereof. and having a pH adjusted to a value between 8 and 13 for at least one minute.
2. The method of claim 1 wherein said metal ion is present in a concentration of from 0.1 to 2.0 g/l.
3. An alkaline phosphate-containing aqueous solution for the simultaneous cleaning. degreasing and removal of a cold forming lubricant carrier layer from workpieces containing iron, comprising 5-80 g/l phosphate ion and at least 0.05 g/l of cobalt ion and having a pH adjusted to a value between 8 and 13.
4. The solution according to claim 3 wherein the cobalt ion is present in a concentration of aboutOrl to 2.0 g/l.
Claims (4)
1. A METHOD FOR THE SIMULTANEOUS CLEANING, DEGREASING AND REMOVAL OF A COLD-FORMING LUBRICANT CARRIER LAYER FROM WORKPIECES CONTAINING IRON COMPRISING CONTACTING SAID WORKPIECE WITH AN AQUEOUS ALKALINE SOLUTION COMPRISING 5-80 G/L PHOSPHATE ION AND AT LEAST 0.05 G/L OF A METAL ION SELECTED FROM THE GROUP CONSISTING OF COBALT, NICKEL AND MIXTURES THEREOF, AND HAVING A PH ADJUSTED TO A VALUE BETWEEN 8 AND 13 FOR AT LEAST ONE MINUTE.
2. The method of claim 1 wherein said metal ion is present in a concentration of from 0.1 to 2.0 g/l.
3. An alkaline phosphate-containing aqueous solution for the simultaneous cleaning, degreasing and removal of a cold forming lubricant carrier layer from workpieces containing iron, comprising 5-80 g/l phosphate ion and at least 0.05 g/l of cobalt ion and having a pH adjusted to a value between 8 and 13.
4. The solution according to claim 3 wherein the cobalt ion is present in a concentration of about 0.1 to 2.0 g/l.
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE2207848A DE2207848A1 (en) | 1972-02-19 | 1972-02-19 | SOLUTION FOR SIMULTANEOUS CLEANING, DEGREASING AND REMOVAL OF THE LUBRICANT CARRIER LAYER FROM WORKPIECES MADE OF IRON AND STEEL |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| US3923539A true US3923539A (en) | 1975-12-02 |
Family
ID=5836453
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| US332055A Expired - Lifetime US3923539A (en) | 1972-02-19 | 1973-02-13 | Method concentrate and solution for simultaneous cleaning, degreasing and removal of the lubricant carrier layer from iron and steel workpieces |
Country Status (6)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US3923539A (en) |
| BE (1) | BE788674A (en) |
| CA (1) | CA991944A (en) |
| DE (1) | DE2207848A1 (en) |
| FR (1) | FR2172071B1 (en) |
| IT (1) | IT979144B (en) |
Cited By (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4191615A (en) * | 1974-12-17 | 1980-03-04 | Krupp-Koppers Gmbh | Process for operating extraction or extractive distillation _apparatus |
| US4532065A (en) * | 1981-06-05 | 1985-07-30 | Fmc Corporation | Method and composition for cleaning anodized aluminum |
| US5114496A (en) * | 1988-03-29 | 1992-05-19 | Bordunov Vladimir V | Method of cleaning workpieces and an apparatus for carrying out the method |
| US5417725A (en) * | 1994-02-01 | 1995-05-23 | Graves; Gordon C. | Penetration and fixture freeing agent |
| US6153015A (en) * | 1996-05-10 | 2000-11-28 | Metallgesellschaft Ag | Process for removing soap-contaminated conversion layers on metal workpieces |
Families Citing this family (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE2942282A1 (en) * | 1979-10-19 | 1981-07-16 | Vacuumschmelze Gmbh, 6450 Hanau | METHOD FOR DESCALING THE SURFACE OF METAL MATERIALS |
| DE19533994A1 (en) * | 1995-09-14 | 1997-03-20 | Guenter Dr Ritter | Cleaning agents etc. which undergo microbial decomposition under anaerobic conditions |
Citations (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2499261A (en) * | 1945-11-23 | 1950-02-28 | Hall Lab Inc | Compositions and methods for depositing amorphous metal-phosphate coatings on metal surfaces |
| US2813075A (en) * | 1953-07-17 | 1957-11-12 | Phillips Petroleum Co | Treatment of corrosive water |
| US2916459A (en) * | 1954-12-13 | 1959-12-08 | Ajem Lab Inc | Metal cleaner |
| US3015630A (en) * | 1959-08-24 | 1962-01-02 | Gen Electric | Aqueous solution for stripping nickel |
| US3151087A (en) * | 1957-12-09 | 1964-09-29 | Nalco Chemical Co | Corrosion inhibiting compositions and method |
| US3668132A (en) * | 1970-06-15 | 1972-06-06 | Ecodyne Corp | Composition and method |
| US3723334A (en) * | 1971-10-26 | 1973-03-27 | Oxy Metal Finishing Corp | Scale reducing agent in zinc phosphatizing compositions |
-
0
- BE BE788674D patent/BE788674A/en unknown
-
1972
- 1972-02-19 DE DE2207848A patent/DE2207848A1/en active Pending
- 1972-09-06 FR FR7231592A patent/FR2172071B1/fr not_active Expired
-
1973
- 1973-01-26 CA CA162,128A patent/CA991944A/en not_active Expired
- 1973-02-13 US US332055A patent/US3923539A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1973-02-15 IT IT20436/73A patent/IT979144B/en active
Patent Citations (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2499261A (en) * | 1945-11-23 | 1950-02-28 | Hall Lab Inc | Compositions and methods for depositing amorphous metal-phosphate coatings on metal surfaces |
| US2813075A (en) * | 1953-07-17 | 1957-11-12 | Phillips Petroleum Co | Treatment of corrosive water |
| US2916459A (en) * | 1954-12-13 | 1959-12-08 | Ajem Lab Inc | Metal cleaner |
| US3151087A (en) * | 1957-12-09 | 1964-09-29 | Nalco Chemical Co | Corrosion inhibiting compositions and method |
| US3015630A (en) * | 1959-08-24 | 1962-01-02 | Gen Electric | Aqueous solution for stripping nickel |
| US3668132A (en) * | 1970-06-15 | 1972-06-06 | Ecodyne Corp | Composition and method |
| US3723334A (en) * | 1971-10-26 | 1973-03-27 | Oxy Metal Finishing Corp | Scale reducing agent in zinc phosphatizing compositions |
Cited By (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4191615A (en) * | 1974-12-17 | 1980-03-04 | Krupp-Koppers Gmbh | Process for operating extraction or extractive distillation _apparatus |
| US4532065A (en) * | 1981-06-05 | 1985-07-30 | Fmc Corporation | Method and composition for cleaning anodized aluminum |
| US5114496A (en) * | 1988-03-29 | 1992-05-19 | Bordunov Vladimir V | Method of cleaning workpieces and an apparatus for carrying out the method |
| US5417725A (en) * | 1994-02-01 | 1995-05-23 | Graves; Gordon C. | Penetration and fixture freeing agent |
| US6153015A (en) * | 1996-05-10 | 2000-11-28 | Metallgesellschaft Ag | Process for removing soap-contaminated conversion layers on metal workpieces |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| DE2207848A1 (en) | 1973-09-13 |
| FR2172071A1 (en) | 1973-09-28 |
| BE788674A (en) | 1973-01-02 |
| FR2172071B1 (en) | 1975-01-03 |
| CA991944A (en) | 1976-06-29 |
| IT979144B (en) | 1974-09-30 |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| AS | Assignment |
Owner name: HOOKER CHEMICALS & PLASTICS CORP 32100 STEPHENSON Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST.;ASSIGNOR:OXY METAL INDUSTRIES CORPORATION;REEL/FRAME:003942/0016 Effective date: 19810317 |
|
| AS | Assignment |
Owner name: OXY METAL INDUSTRIES CORPORATION Free format text: CHANGE OF NAME;ASSIGNOR:OXY METAL FINISHING CORPORATION;REEL/FRAME:003967/0084 Effective date: 19741220 |
|
| AS | Assignment |
Owner name: OCCIDENTAL CHEMICAL CORPORATION Free format text: CHANGE OF NAME;ASSIGNOR:HOOKER CHEMICAS & PLASTICS CORP.;REEL/FRAME:004126/0054 Effective date: 19820330 |
|
| AS | Assignment |
Owner name: PARKER CHEMICAL COMPANY, 32100 STEPHENSON HWY., MA Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST.;ASSIGNOR:OCCIDENTAL CHEMICAL CORPORATION;REEL/FRAME:004194/0047 Effective date: 19830928 |