US3808053A - Lead alloy for solid and grid electrodes - Google Patents
Lead alloy for solid and grid electrodes Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US3808053A US3808053A US00220244A US22024472A US3808053A US 3808053 A US3808053 A US 3808053A US 00220244 A US00220244 A US 00220244A US 22024472 A US22024472 A US 22024472A US 3808053 A US3808053 A US 3808053A
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- lead
- weight
- percent
- alloy
- palladium
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 229910000978 Pb alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 title abstract description 14
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 title description 3
- KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Palladium Chemical compound [Pd] KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 32
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfuric acid Chemical compound OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 229910052763 palladium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tin Chemical compound [Sn] ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 abstract description 7
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 abstract description 7
- 239000007772 electrode material Substances 0.000 abstract description 7
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 13
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 13
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910052787 antimony Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- WATWJIUSRGPENY-UHFFFAOYSA-N antimony atom Chemical compound [Sb] WATWJIUSRGPENY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 description 2
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009713 electroplating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 231100000572 poisoning Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 230000000607 poisoning effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C11/00—Alloys based on lead
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/64—Carriers or collectors
- H01M4/66—Selection of materials
- H01M4/68—Selection of materials for use in lead-acid accumulators
- H01M4/685—Lead alloys
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
Definitions
- the invention relates generally to lead alloys and in particular to the use of a lead alloy for solid and gridtype electrodes in electrolytic plant and lead accumulators.
- lead as electrode material for electrolytic plant is uneconomical in certain cases because of too marked corrosion in the case of cathodes.
- the material for grid anodes in lead accumulators has hitherto generally been a hard lead alloy of varying composition, particularly one having antimony as a constituent.
- Grid anodes of conventional lead alloys exhibit wear and fatigue phenomena after a fairly short period of time and this markedly restricts the life of the accumulators. Some of these defects are for example corrosion, cathode poisoning by the antimony content, too low specific elongation and many others.
- electrode material based on lead and lead alloys for a. electrochemical and electroplating plant and b. lead accumulators I can be further improved in its efficiency and life when it contains palladium (Pd) as a component of the alloy.
- Pd palladium
- the use of an electrode of lead alloyed with palladium has proved to be superior to the use of lead alloys hitherto used, particularly as anodes for lead accumulators.
- the superiority and greater efficiency of such an electrode containing palladium as a component of the alloy is not lost when palladium is used in combination wit other known alloy components for lead.
- a lead alloy preferred according to the invention as an electrode material consists of 0.05 to 0.15 percent by weight of copper (Cu), 0.05 to 0.15 percent by weight of tin (Sn) and 0.05 to 0.2 percent by weight of palladium (Pd), the remainder being lead and the usual impurities.
- the alloy according to the invention has improved resistance to corrosion by sulfuric acid which commends its use as an anode in the case of sulfuric acid as electrolyte generally and particularly as grid material for the anodes of accumulators.
- FIG. 2 shows the cathodic portions of current density/potential curves (a) of fine lead and (b) the alloy according to the invention in battery acid of a density of 1,26 g/ccm.
- the gi'iils cif the anodesof lead accumulators not only is good corrosion resistance desirable but also adequate strength and the lowest possible specific elongation.
- the alloy according to the invention satisfies these requirements and is therefore superior to the alloys previously used for the same purpose.
- An article of manufacture comprising a grid electrode consisting essentially of 0.05 to 0.15 percent by weight of copper, 0.05 to 0.15 percent by weight of tin, and 0.05 to 0.2 percent by weight of palladium, the remainder being lead and the usual impurities.
- An article of manufacture comprising a grid electrode serving as an anode for lead accumulators, said electrode consisting essentially of 0.05 to 0.15 percent by weight of copper, 0.05 to 0.15 percent by weight of tin, and 0.05 to 0.2 percent by weight of palladium, the
- An article of manufacture comprising a grid electrode serving as an anode in electrolytic and electrochemical cells containing sulfuric acid as the anolyte, said electrode consisting essentially of 0.05 to 0.05 percent by weight of copper, 0.05 to 0.15 percent by weight of tin, and 0.05 to 0.2 percent by weight of palladium, the remainder being lead and the usual impurities.
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Cell Electrode Carriers And Collectors (AREA)
- Battery Electrode And Active Subsutance (AREA)
- Secondary Cells (AREA)
Abstract
A lead alloy with 0.05 to 0.2 percent palladium as an electrode material for electrolytic plant and lead accumulators with improved corrosion behavior with respect to sulfuric acid and lower specific elongation and electrochemical attack.
Description
United States Patent [191 Graefen et al.
LEAD ALLOY FOR SOLID AND GRID ELECTRODES Badische Anilin- & Soda-Fabrik Aktiengesellschaft, Ludwigshafen/Rhein, Land Rheinland-Pfalz, Germany Assignee:
Notice: The portion of the term of this patent subsequent to May 23, 1989, has been disclaimed.
Filed: Jan. 24, 1972 Appl. No.: 220,244
Foreign Application Priority Data 1 1] 3,808,053 ]*Apr. 30, 1974 [51] Int. Cl. H0lm 39/04 [58] Field of Search 136/26; 75/166, 172
[56] References Cited UNITED STATES PATENTS 2,418,710 4/1947 Hensel 75/172 A 3,664,831 5/1972 Graefcn et a]. 75/166 R 3,301,642 1/1967 Youssef 75/166 R Primary Examiner-A. B. Curtis Assistant Examiner-C. F. LeFevour Attorney, Agent, or Firm-Johnston, Keil, Thompson & Shurtleff ABSTRACT A lead alloy with 0.05 to 0.2 percent palladium as an electrode material for electrolytic plant and lead accumulators with improved corrosion behavior with respect to sulfuric acid and lower specific elongation Jan. 27, 1971 Germany 2103689 n lectrochemical attack US. Cl. 136/26, 75/166 3 Claims, 2 Drawing Figures 5 d 'x PbCu Sn Pd(O,l/O,l/O,ll & u Pb 99,985 ru 1),: =o-.- Pb so (B,O%Sb
,4" I. n .a' ---g---o--o-e o;* 0 o "o--- g- 4 (HIV) l I l T V I +1500 +I2'oo m'oo ns'oo +|eoo +2ooo+2aoo LEAD ALLOY FOR SOLID AND GRID ELECTRODES The invention relates generally to lead alloys and in particular to the use of a lead alloy for solid and gridtype electrodes in electrolytic plant and lead accumulators.
The use of lead as electrode material for electrolytic plant is uneconomical in certain cases because of too marked corrosion in the case of cathodes.
The material for grid anodes in lead accumulators has hitherto generally been a hard lead alloy of varying composition, particularly one having antimony as a constituent. Grid anodes of conventional lead alloys exhibit wear and fatigue phenomena after a fairly short period of time and this markedly restricts the life of the accumulators. Some of these defects are for example corrosion, cathode poisoning by the antimony content, too low specific elongation and many others.
Lead alloys containing palladium (Pd) as a constituent are already known from our US. Pat. application Ser. No. 20,179 now US. Pat. No. 3,664,831. Palladium as an alloy component considerably increases corrosion resistance and mechanical strength, either alone or in conjunction with conventional alloy components for lead.
We have now found that electrode material based on lead and lead alloys for a. electrochemical and electroplating plant and b. lead accumulators I can be further improved in its efficiency and life when it contains palladium (Pd) as a component of the alloy. The use of an electrode of lead alloyed with palladium has proved to be superior to the use of lead alloys hitherto used, particularly as anodes for lead accumulators. The superiority and greater efficiency of such an electrode containing palladium as a component of the alloy is not lost when palladium is used in combination wit other known alloy components for lead.
A lead alloy preferred according to the invention as an electrode material consists of 0.05 to 0.15 percent by weight of copper (Cu), 0.05 to 0.15 percent by weight of tin (Sn) and 0.05 to 0.2 percent by weight of palladium (Pd), the remainder being lead and the usual impurities.
The alloy according to the invention has improved resistance to corrosion by sulfuric acid which commends its use as an anode in the case of sulfuric acid as electrolyte generally and particularly as grid material for the anodes of accumulators.
Chemical attack values in mm/year of an alloy ((1) according to this invention as compared with commercial fine lead (a) and two lead alloys (b) and (c) in sulfuric acid are given in the following Table. The materials used are:
a. Pb 99.985
b. PbSb (1.5% by weight) 0. PbSb (8% by weight) d. PbCuSnPd (0.l%/0.1%/0.1% by weight) The curves of current density and potential in FIG. 1 illustrate these data and the improved efficiency.
The alloy according to this invention, because of its low hydrogen overvoltage, is also better than commercial lead and its alloys as an electrode material for cathodes. In this connection FIG. 2 shows the cathodic portions of current density/potential curves (a) of fine lead and (b) the alloy according to the invention in battery acid of a density of 1,26 g/ccm.
l F 6r the gi'iils cif the anodesof lead accumulators not only is good corrosion resistance desirable but also adequate strength and the lowest possible specific elongation. The alloy according to the invention satisfies these requirements and is therefore superior to the alloys previously used for the same purpose.
Comparative hardness data are collected in the following table:
Material Hardness HB 2.5/3.1/120 Pb 99.985 3.6 kg/mm PbSb (8%) 6.4 kg/mm PbCuSnPd 6.5 kg/mm 5 The casting and processing properties of the alloy of the invention also satisfy the requirements for electrode materials based on conventional lead alloys.
We claim: 1. An article of manufacture comprising a grid electrode consisting essentially of 0.05 to 0.15 percent by weight of copper, 0.05 to 0.15 percent by weight of tin, and 0.05 to 0.2 percent by weight of palladium, the remainder being lead and the usual impurities.
2. An article of manufacture comprising a grid electrode serving as an anode for lead accumulators, said electrode consisting essentially of 0.05 to 0.15 percent by weight of copper, 0.05 to 0.15 percent by weight of tin, and 0.05 to 0.2 percent by weight of palladium, the
remainder being lead and the usual impurities.
3. An article of manufacture comprising a grid electrode serving as an anode in electrolytic and electrochemical cells containing sulfuric acid as the anolyte, said electrode consisting essentially of 0.05 to 0.05 percent by weight of copper, 0.05 to 0.15 percent by weight of tin, and 0.05 to 0.2 percent by weight of palladium, the remainder being lead and the usual impurities.
' UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE CERTIFICATE OF CORRECTION Patent No. 3 308,053 Dated April 30, 1974 Inven Hubert Graefen and Dieter Kuron.
It ia certified that error appears in the above-identified patent and that said Letters Patent are hereby corrected as shown below:
. Column 1, table at the bottom, "13" should read [-j- Signed'and sealed this 7th day of January 2975.
(SEAL) Attest:
McCOY M. GIBSONJR. a c. MARSHALL DANN Attesting Officer Commissioner of Patents uscoMM-oc 00376-P69 FORM po-wsono-ss) H I v 7 t :u.s.eovznhpimrnlyrrmoorrlce:"no-0 :34.
Claims (2)
- 2. An article of manufacture comprising a grid electrode serving as an anode for lead accumulators, said electrode consisting essentially of 0.05 to 0.15 percent by weight of copper, 0.05 to 0.15 percent by weight of tin, and 0.05 to 0.2 percent by weight of palladium, the remainder being lead and the usual impurities.
- 3. An article of manufacture comprising a grid electrode serving as an anode in electrolytic and electrochemical cells containing sulfuric acid as the anolyte, said electrode consisting essentially of 0.05 to 0.05 percent by weight of copper, 0.05 to 0.15 percent by weight of tin, and 0.05 to 0.2 percent by weight of palladium, the remainder being lead and the usual impurities.
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE2103689A DE2103689C3 (en) | 1971-01-27 | 1971-01-27 | Use of a lead alloy for solid and grid-shaped electrodes |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| US3808053A true US3808053A (en) | 1974-04-30 |
Family
ID=5796998
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| US00220244A Expired - Lifetime US3808053A (en) | 1971-01-27 | 1972-01-24 | Lead alloy for solid and grid electrodes |
Country Status (6)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US3808053A (en) |
| CH (1) | CH562324A5 (en) |
| DE (1) | DE2103689C3 (en) |
| FR (1) | FR2124892A5 (en) |
| GB (1) | GB1369707A (en) |
| IT (1) | IT948287B (en) |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP0647657A1 (en) * | 1993-10-06 | 1995-04-12 | Bayer Ag | Catalyst, its manufacture and its use in the gas-phase polymerisation of conjugated dienes |
Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2418710A (en) * | 1944-11-10 | 1947-04-08 | Mallory & Co Inc P R | Electric contact and brush |
| US3301642A (en) * | 1964-03-20 | 1967-01-31 | Metallurgie Francaise | Low friction, porous, sintered bearing containing a lead-tellurium alloy |
| US3664831A (en) * | 1969-03-20 | 1972-05-23 | Basf Ag | Lead alloys having improved corrosion resistance |
-
1971
- 1971-01-27 DE DE2103689A patent/DE2103689C3/en not_active Expired
-
1972
- 1972-01-21 CH CH93372A patent/CH562324A5/xx not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1972-01-22 IT IT47878/72A patent/IT948287B/en active
- 1972-01-24 US US00220244A patent/US3808053A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1972-01-26 GB GB358572A patent/GB1369707A/en not_active Expired
- 1972-01-27 FR FR7202719A patent/FR2124892A5/fr not_active Expired
Patent Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2418710A (en) * | 1944-11-10 | 1947-04-08 | Mallory & Co Inc P R | Electric contact and brush |
| US3301642A (en) * | 1964-03-20 | 1967-01-31 | Metallurgie Francaise | Low friction, porous, sintered bearing containing a lead-tellurium alloy |
| US3664831A (en) * | 1969-03-20 | 1972-05-23 | Basf Ag | Lead alloys having improved corrosion resistance |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP0647657A1 (en) * | 1993-10-06 | 1995-04-12 | Bayer Ag | Catalyst, its manufacture and its use in the gas-phase polymerisation of conjugated dienes |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| DE2103689C3 (en) | 1974-11-14 |
| DE2103689A1 (en) | 1972-08-17 |
| DE2103689B2 (en) | 1974-04-11 |
| GB1369707A (en) | 1974-10-09 |
| FR2124892A5 (en) | 1972-09-22 |
| IT948287B (en) | 1973-05-30 |
| CH562324A5 (en) | 1975-05-30 |
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