US3800180A - Halogen incandescent lamp containing bromine and phosphorus - Google Patents
Halogen incandescent lamp containing bromine and phosphorus Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US3800180A US3800180A US00353673A US35367373A US3800180A US 3800180 A US3800180 A US 3800180A US 00353673 A US00353673 A US 00353673A US 35367373 A US35367373 A US 35367373A US 3800180 A US3800180 A US 3800180A
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- phosphorus
- lamps
- lamp
- halogen incandescent
- bromine
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 229910052736 halogen Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 9
- 150000002367 halogens Chemical class 0.000 title claims abstract description 8
- GDTBXPJZTBHREO-UHFFFAOYSA-N bromine Substances BrBr GDTBXPJZTBHREO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims description 15
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims description 13
- 229910052794 bromium Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims description 13
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims description 13
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 title claims description 13
- WKBOTKDWSSQWDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Bromine atom Chemical compound [Br] WKBOTKDWSSQWDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims description 11
- PHSPJQZRQAJPPF-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-alpha-Methylhistamine Chemical compound CNCCC1=CN=CN1 PHSPJQZRQAJPPF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 238000010494 dissociation reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 230000005593 dissociations Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 239000011261 inert gas Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 21
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 5
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Benzene Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1 UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 3
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- -1 PHOSPHORUS Halogen Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010937 tungsten Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003738 black carbon Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002028 premature Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tungsten Chemical compound [W] WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01K—ELECTRIC INCANDESCENT LAMPS
- H01K1/00—Details
- H01K1/52—Means for obtaining or maintaining the desired pressure within the vessel
- H01K1/54—Means for absorbing or absorbing gas, or for preventing or removing efflorescence, e.g. by gettering
- H01K1/56—Means for absorbing or absorbing gas, or for preventing or removing efflorescence, e.g. by gettering characterised by the material of the getter
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01K—ELECTRIC INCANDESCENT LAMPS
- H01K1/00—Details
- H01K1/50—Selection of substances for gas fillings; Specified pressure thereof
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01K—ELECTRIC INCANDESCENT LAMPS
- H01K3/00—Apparatus or processes adapted to the manufacture, installing, removal, or maintenance of incandescent lamps or parts thereof
- H01K3/22—Exhausting, degassing, filling, or cleaning vessels
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
- Y02B20/00—Energy efficient lighting technologies, e.g. halogen lamps or gas discharge lamps
Definitions
- Phosphorus in these lamps is said to perform a function which is comparable with that of hydrogen, namely it should prevent a direct reaction between the relatively cold parts of the tungsten filament body and bromine present in the lamp. Such an attack of these parts leads to a shorter lifetime of the lamp.
- a halogen lamp is understood to mean a lamp which is proportioned in such a manner that during operation the wall of the envelope everywhere assumes a temperature at which tungsten halides formed in the lamp cannot condense.
- the invention has for its object to completely obviate this risk in halogen incandescent lamps containing phosphorus and bromine.
- the gas atmosphere in the lamp contains phosphorus tribromide or its dissociation products.
- Lamps according to the invention may be obtained by introducing phosphorus tribromide in vapour form into the lamps. It has been found that in lamps having a lifetime of 1000 hours and more optimum results are generally obtained when the partial pressure of phosphorus tribromide upon filling in the lamp is between 2 and 6 Torr. Blackening quickly occurs at pressures of less than 2 Torr and the filament is attacked at pressures of more than 6 torr. Lamps according to the invention can reach lifetimes of more than 2000 hours.
- the sole FIGURE diagrammatically shows an arrangement for filling a number of lamps 1 to 7 with a phosphorus tribromide-containing gas atmosphere.
- the arrangement comprises a reservoir 8 which contains liquid phosphorus tribromide.
- the reservoir 8 is present in a liquid bath 9 in which the reservoir 8 can be maintained at a constant temperature associated with the desired phosphorus tribromide vapour pressure.
- the liquid bath may be filled, for example, with water.
- the reservoir 8 is connected to the duct 11 by means of a tap 10.
- the lamps l to 7 are connected to this duct 11 over the gas spaces 1A to 7A. Furthermore the duct 11 is connected via three taps l2, l3 and 14 to a vacuum pump, a reservoir having a rinsing gas and a reservoir having a rare gas and/or nitrogen (not shown). The entire arrangement shown may consist of glass.
- the reservoir 8 is meanwhile brought to the temperature associated with the desired phosphorus tribromide vapour pressure. This temperature is 4C at 0.5 Torr, 9C at 1 Torr and 17C at 2 Torr.
- the use of a higher pressure than approximately 2 Torr is not desirable because then there is the risk that PBr condenses in the lamps l-7, the gas spaces lA-7A or the duct 1 1.
- tap 12 is closed and tap 10 is opened.
- the gas spaces and the lamps tap 10 is closed and tap 14 is opened so that argon having the desired pressure, for example, 1 atmosphere is introduced into the lamps l-7.
- Tap 14 is subsequently closed and the connection between the gas spaces lA-7A and duct 11 is sealed off and the lamps with the associated gas spaces are removed.
- the lamps are then immersed in liquid nitrogen so that the mixture of gases present in the gas space and the lamp condenses in the lamp. Subsequently the connection between the lamp and the associated gas space is sealed off and the gas space is removed. In this manner a gas pressure of more than 1 atmosphere is obtained in the lamp, depending on the relative volume of the gas space.
- the lamps may then be operated and phosphorus tribromide present in the lamp, possibly partly in a liquid form, immediately decomposes to phosphorus and bromine.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Discharge Lamp (AREA)
- Vessels And Coating Films For Discharge Lamps (AREA)
Abstract
A halogen incandescent lamp which contains phosphorus tribromide or its dissociation products.
Description
United States Patent [191 De Fraeye et al.
[ Mar. 26, 1974 HALOGEN INCANDESCENT LAMP CONTAINING BROMINE AND PHOSPHORUS [76] Inventors: Dirk Jules Remi De Fraeye,
Emmasingel, Eindhoven, Netherlands; Leo Lens, Pater Perguylaan 6, 3030 Heverlee, Belgium [22] Filed: Apr. 23, 1973 [21] Appl. No.: 353,673
[30] Foreign Application Priority Data Apr. 22, 1972 Netherlands 7205485 [52] U.S. Cl. 313/222, 313/223 [51 Tm. cu. HOlk 1/52 [58] Field of Search 313/222 [56] References Cited UNITED STATES PATENTS 2,920,222 1/1960 Thorington 313/222 Primary Examiner-Herman Karl Saalbach Assistant Examiner-Darwin R. Hostetter Attorney, Agent, or FirmFrank R. Trifari [5 7] ABSTRACT A halogen incandescent lamp which contains phosphorus tribromide or its dissociation products.
2 Claims, 1 Drawing Figure HALOGEN INCANDESCENT LAMP CONTAJINING BROMINE AND PHOSPHORUS Halogen incandescent lamps containing bromine and phosphorus are known. Phosphorus and bromine are introduced jointly into these known lamps in a fixed ratio in the form of the compounds (PN Br in which x may be 3 or 4. These compounds are solid polymeric materials. They are dosed in the lamp in the form of a solution in a volatile hydrocarbon compound such as benzene. The solvent may be removed from the envelope by means of evaporation. When the lamp is operated the compound decomposes immediately to bromine, phosphorus and nitrogen. Phosphorus in these lamps is said to perform a function which is comparable with that of hydrogen, namely it should prevent a direct reaction between the relatively cold parts of the tungsten filament body and bromine present in the lamp. Such an attack of these parts leads to a shorter lifetime of the lamp.
As is common practice in this connection a halogen lamp is understood to mean a lamp which is proportioned in such a manner that during operation the wall of the envelope everywhere assumes a temperature at which tungsten halides formed in the lamp cannot condense.
In the manufacture of lamps with (PNB it is necessary to carefully remove from the lamp the solvent used for introducing the compound containing phosphorus and bromine into the lamp. In fact, when the solvent is not completely removed, this may give rise to the formation of light-absorbing black carbon deposits on the wall. Such black deposits may absorb so much light and consequently rise in temperature that the walls of the envelope locally weakens and swells. This may result in the premature end of the lifetime of the lamp by perforation of the bulb wall.
The invention has for its object to completely obviate this risk in halogen incandescent lamps containing phosphorus and bromine. According to the invention the gas atmosphere in the lamp contains phosphorus tribromide or its dissociation products.
Lamps according to the invention may be obtained by introducing phosphorus tribromide in vapour form into the lamps. It has been found that in lamps having a lifetime of 1000 hours and more optimum results are generally obtained when the partial pressure of phosphorus tribromide upon filling in the lamp is between 2 and 6 Torr. Blackening quickly occurs at pressures of less than 2 Torr and the filament is attacked at pressures of more than 6 torr. Lamps according to the invention can reach lifetimes of more than 2000 hours.
It is to be noted that these results are obtained with a relatively smaller quantity of phosphorus with respect to bromine as can be used in the known lamps containing phosphorus and bromine.
A method of manufacturing lamps according to the invention and some embodiments thereof will be further described by way of some examples with reference to the accompanying drawings, the sole FIGURE of which diagrammatically shows an arrangement for filling the lamps with a desired gas atmosphere. The sole FIGURE diagrammatically shows an arrangement for filling a number of lamps 1 to 7 with a phosphorus tribromide-containing gas atmosphere. The arrangement comprises a reservoir 8 which contains liquid phosphorus tribromide. The reservoir 8 is present in a liquid bath 9 in which the reservoir 8 can be maintained at a constant temperature associated with the desired phosphorus tribromide vapour pressure. The liquid bath may be filled, for example, with water. The reservoir 8 is connected to the duct 11 by means of a tap 10. The lamps l to 7 are connected to this duct 11 over the gas spaces 1A to 7A. Furthermore the duct 11 is connected via three taps l2, l3 and 14 to a vacuum pump, a reservoir having a rinsing gas and a reservoir having a rare gas and/or nitrogen (not shown). The entire arrangement shown may consist of glass.
For filling the lamps l to 7 the following operations are carried out:
After the lamps 1 to 7 with the gas spaces 1A to 7A are connected to the duct 11 evacuation is effected up to a pressure of approximately 10 Torr while keeping the taps 10, 13 and 14 closed and the tap 12 open. Subsequently tap 12 is closed and tap 13 is opened so that the lamps 1-7, the gas spaces lA-7A and the duct 11 are filled with a rinsing gas, for example, consisting of 92 percent by vol. of N and 8 percent by vol. of H Tap 13 is closed and tap 12 is opened and the lamps 1-7, the gas spaces 1A-7A and the duct 11 are again evacuated (approximately 10 Torr). This process may be repeated several times. The reservoir 8 is meanwhile brought to the temperature associated with the desired phosphorus tribromide vapour pressure. This temperature is 4C at 0.5 Torr, 9C at 1 Torr and 17C at 2 Torr. The use of a higher pressure than approximately 2 Torr is not desirable because then there is the risk that PBr condenses in the lamps l-7, the gas spaces lA-7A or the duct 1 1. After the lamps 17, the gas spaces 1A-7A and the duct 11 have been evacuated for the last time, tap 12 is closed and tap 10 is opened.
After the desired phosphorus tribromide pressure has adjusted in the duct 11, the gas spaces and the lamps, tap 10 is closed and tap 14 is opened so that argon having the desired pressure, for example, 1 atmosphere is introduced into the lamps l-7. Tap 14 is subsequently closed and the connection between the gas spaces lA-7A and duct 11 is sealed off and the lamps with the associated gas spaces are removed. The lamps are then immersed in liquid nitrogen so that the mixture of gases present in the gas space and the lamp condenses in the lamp. Subsequently the connection between the lamp and the associated gas space is sealed off and the gas space is removed. In this manner a gas pressure of more than 1 atmosphere is obtained in the lamp, depending on the relative volume of the gas space. The lamps may then be operated and phosphorus tribromide present in the lamp, possibly partly in a liquid form, immediately decomposes to phosphorus and bromine.
EXAMPLE TABLE I Filling pressure PB in Results Torr 0.8 Lamps blacken after a short period of operation 2 Sometimes light blackening after a comparatively long period of operation 3 No blackening until the end of the lifetime average lifetime approximately 3000 hours 4 Likewise as with 3 Torr llir filling 6 Average lifetime decreases to approximately 1500 hours due to filament attack A special advantage of the lamp according to the invention is that during manufacture no materials are introduced into the lamp which must be removed therefrom before the lamp can be filled with inert gas and can be sealed off.
between 2 and 6 Torr.
2mg U Nl llfiD s'rA'rlcs m wcm'r ommc I CERTIFICATE OF CORRECTION Dated March 26, 1974 Patent No. 3800180 lnventofls) DIRK J'ULES REMI DE FRAEYE It is certified that error appears in the above-identified patent {and that said Letters Patent are hereby corrected as shown below:
On the title page, in the proper section, please insert assignee -U. S. Philips Corporation- New York, N.Y. a corporation of Delaware Signed and sealed this 8th day of October 1974.
(SEAL) Attest:
McCOY M.- GIBSON JR. C. MARSHALL DANN Attesting Officer Commissioner of Patents
Claims (1)
- 2. A halogen incandescent lamp which contains bromine, phosphorus and an inert gas, characterized in that the lamp contains phosphorus tribromide or its dissociation products in a quantity which corresponds to an initial partial pressure of phosphorus tribromide of between 2 and 6 Torr.
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| NL7205485A NL7205485A (en) | 1972-04-22 | 1972-04-22 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| US3800180A true US3800180A (en) | 1974-03-26 |
Family
ID=19815900
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| US00353673A Expired - Lifetime US3800180A (en) | 1972-04-22 | 1973-04-23 | Halogen incandescent lamp containing bromine and phosphorus |
Country Status (9)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US3800180A (en) |
| JP (1) | JPS4921985A (en) |
| BE (1) | BE798556A (en) |
| CA (1) | CA974567A (en) |
| DE (1) | DE2316554C3 (en) |
| FR (1) | FR2181905B1 (en) |
| GB (1) | GB1408469A (en) |
| IT (1) | IT983991B (en) |
| NL (1) | NL7205485A (en) |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US5034656A (en) * | 1989-09-26 | 1991-07-23 | General Electric Company | Tungsten halogen lamp including phosphorous and bromine |
| US6384530B1 (en) * | 1988-11-22 | 2002-05-07 | General Electric Company | Fill for high temperature tungsten-halogen lamps |
Citations (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2920222A (en) * | 1957-08-13 | 1960-01-05 | Duro Test Corp | Electric lamp |
-
1972
- 1972-04-22 NL NL7205485A patent/NL7205485A/xx unknown
-
1973
- 1973-04-03 DE DE2316554A patent/DE2316554C3/en not_active Expired
- 1973-04-18 FR FR7314173A patent/FR2181905B1/fr not_active Expired
- 1973-04-19 GB GB1896373A patent/GB1408469A/en not_active Expired
- 1973-04-19 JP JP48043698A patent/JPS4921985A/ja active Pending
- 1973-04-19 IT IT23190/73A patent/IT983991B/en active
- 1973-04-20 BE BE130286A patent/BE798556A/en unknown
- 1973-04-23 US US00353673A patent/US3800180A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1973-04-24 CA CA170,067A patent/CA974567A/en not_active Expired
Patent Citations (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2920222A (en) * | 1957-08-13 | 1960-01-05 | Duro Test Corp | Electric lamp |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US6384530B1 (en) * | 1988-11-22 | 2002-05-07 | General Electric Company | Fill for high temperature tungsten-halogen lamps |
| US5034656A (en) * | 1989-09-26 | 1991-07-23 | General Electric Company | Tungsten halogen lamp including phosphorous and bromine |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| DE2316554B2 (en) | 1977-10-27 |
| NL7205485A (en) | 1973-10-24 |
| GB1408469A (en) | 1975-10-01 |
| FR2181905A1 (en) | 1973-12-07 |
| DE2316554A1 (en) | 1973-11-08 |
| CA974567A (en) | 1975-09-16 |
| FR2181905B1 (en) | 1976-09-10 |
| DE2316554C3 (en) | 1978-06-22 |
| BE798556A (en) | 1973-10-22 |
| JPS4921985A (en) | 1974-02-26 |
| IT983991B (en) | 1974-11-11 |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| US2883571A (en) | Electric incandescent lamp | |
| US3852630A (en) | Halogen containing high-pressure mercury vapor discharge lamp | |
| US3753018A (en) | Wall-stabilized high-pressure mercury and metal iodide vapour discharge lamp with outer envelope | |
| US3484637A (en) | Mercury vapour discharge lamp | |
| US3194625A (en) | Electric lamp with unitary inner envelope and stem assembly and manufacture thereof | |
| US3132278A (en) | Iodine cycle incandescent lamps | |
| US3712701A (en) | Electric incandescent lamps | |
| US3800180A (en) | Halogen incandescent lamp containing bromine and phosphorus | |
| US5034656A (en) | Tungsten halogen lamp including phosphorous and bromine | |
| US3585435A (en) | Electric incandescent lamp | |
| US4237401A (en) | Low-pressure mercury vapor discharge lamp | |
| US3967871A (en) | Process for manufacturing tubeless vacuum electric discharge lamps | |
| US3626229A (en) | Jacketed alkali metal halide vapor lamp with getter | |
| US3465193A (en) | Incandescent lamp containing a getter for binding water vapor | |
| US2203896A (en) | Electric incandescent lamp | |
| US3854786A (en) | Method of manufacturing a halogen incandescent lamp | |
| US3475649A (en) | Tungsten incandescent lamps with iodine halides | |
| US5098326A (en) | Method for applying a protective coating to a high-intensity metal halide discharge lamp | |
| US2176134A (en) | Electric gaseous discharge device | |
| US3901573A (en) | Method of processing tungsten halogen light bulbs | |
| US3641386A (en) | Tungsten halogen lamp | |
| US4629935A (en) | Tungsten-halogen lamp with organic and inorganic getters | |
| US3313974A (en) | High pressure electric discharge device having electrodes with thorium on the exposed surface thereof | |
| US1273629A (en) | Method of exhausting incandescent lamps. | |
| US6469445B1 (en) | High CRI metal halide lamp with constant color throughout life |