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US3871183A - Arcuate tunnel lining segments - Google Patents

Arcuate tunnel lining segments Download PDF

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Publication number
US3871183A
US3871183A US387376A US38737673A US3871183A US 3871183 A US3871183 A US 3871183A US 387376 A US387376 A US 387376A US 38737673 A US38737673 A US 38737673A US 3871183 A US3871183 A US 3871183A
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US
United States
Prior art keywords
segment
tie member
tie
tunnel lining
segments
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US387376A
Inventor
William Thomas Cardwell
Francis Murray Hawke
Peter Gordon Gibson
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Charcon Tunnels Ltd
Original Assignee
Charcon Tunnels Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Charcon Tunnels Ltd filed Critical Charcon Tunnels Ltd
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Publication of US3871183A publication Critical patent/US3871183A/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
    • E21D11/00—Lining tunnels, galleries or other underground cavities, e.g. large underground chambers; Linings therefor; Making such linings in situ, e.g. by assembling
    • E21D11/14—Lining predominantly with metal
    • E21D11/18—Arch members ; Network made of arch members ; Ring elements; Polygon elements; Polygon elements inside arches
    • E21D11/24—Knuckle joints or links between arch members
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
    • E21D11/00—Lining tunnels, galleries or other underground cavities, e.g. large underground chambers; Linings therefor; Making such linings in situ, e.g. by assembling
    • E21D11/04—Lining with building materials
    • E21D11/08—Lining with building materials with preformed concrete slabs
    • E21D11/083—Methods or devices for joining adjacent concrete segments

Definitions

  • the drawing shows a tunnel lining segment having a tie member extending circumferentially through the segment.
  • the tie member of one segment is secured to the tie member of an adjacent segment by an articulated coupling device which permits one segment to be rotated with respect to the next segment after securing at the coupling device in assembly of the tunnel ling.
  • U.K. Patent Specification No. 1,292,638 discloses arcuate tunnel lining segments having tie members extending circumferentially through the segments. The tie members are secured together by rigid couplings.
  • the method of erection comprises securing a tie member for a new segment to be erected to a tie member of a previously erected segment and the then sliding a new segment over the new tie member. This operation causes difficulty in practice because the new segment to be slid around the surface of the tunnel.
  • the invention provides arcuate tunnel lining segments.
  • the invention provides an arcuate tunnel lining segment having at least one tie member extending circumferentially through and enclosed within the segment, at least one end of the tie member having a coupling device for securing said end to the end of a tie member of a further segment and which coupling device incorporates an articulated joint to permit one segment to be pivoted with respect to another during erection of said segment.
  • a new tunnel lining segment can be secured a previously erected segment by attaching a tie member to the tie member of a previously erected segment through the articulated coupling device with the new tie member extending into the centre of the tunnel, sliding the new segment of the tie member clear of the tunnel wall and then pivoting the new segment and tie member into engagement with the tunnel wall.
  • FIG. 1 is a side view of a portion of a tunnel lining ring being constructed of segments embodying the invention
  • FIG. 2 is a perspective view of a coupling device for joining tie rods of adjacent segments of the lining ring of FIG. 1;
  • FIG. 3 is a sectional detail through a joint between two adjacent segments embodying the invention.
  • a tunnel lining ring is constructed of a plurality of arcuate concrete segments 10. Each segment has a number of axially spaced circumferential bores 11 extending through them, one of which can be seen in FIG. 3. A rod 12 which is threaded at both ends extends through each bore 10, the arcuate length of the rod being less than the arcuate length of the segment 10 at the centre of its radial thickness. Each of the ends of the bores 11 is enlarged as indicated by 13.
  • the tie rods of adjacent segments are connected by a universally articulated coupling device 14 as shown in FIG. 2.
  • the device 14 comprises two interlinked rigid loops. Each loop comprises a hexagonal nut 15 and a rigid U-shaped member 16. The limbs of the member l6'extend substantially parallel to the bore of the nut and the free ends of the limbs are welded to a pair of opposed flats of the nut respectively.
  • the lining ring is built up by placing one segment 10 against the wall of the excavated tunnel bore.
  • Flat plate washers 17 are put on the free ends of the rod 12 and abut the bases of the recesses 13.
  • a coupling device 14 is screwed onto each end of the rod 12 such that the base of U-shaped portion 16 of the shackle lies substantially in the plane of the radial end face of the segment.
  • a further tie rod 12 is screwed into the opposite nuts of the coupling devices.
  • the further tie rods are pivoted inwardly of the excavate tunnel bore so that further segments 10 can be slid over the further tie rods.
  • the further segments are then pivoted outwardly to lie against the tunnel bore.
  • Further coupling devices are then screwed on the free ends 'of the tie rods extending within the further segments to hold the adjacent radial ends of the further segments and the initially laid segment in abutment.
  • the ring is completed by a key segment (not shown) to which tie rods of segments on either side of the key segment are secured in a similar manner to the arrangement described and illustrated in U.K. Patent Specification No. 1,292,683.
  • An arcuate tunnel lining segment having at least one tie member extending circumferentially through and enclosed within the segment, at least one end of the tie member having an articulated coupling device for securing said end to a tie member of a further segment, which coupling device comprises a nut screwed on to said one end of the tie member, a first rigid U-shaped element the ends of which are secured to the nut on either side thereof and a second rigid U-shaped element interlinked with the first element and having a further nut secured between the ends thereof for screwing on to an end of a further tie member.
  • tie member comprises an arcuate rod extending through a preformed circumferential hole in the segment.
  • a segment as claimed in claim 1 which is precast in concrete.
  • tie member has an articulated coupling device at each end thereof to receive and retain the ends of the tie members of further segments.
  • a tunnel lining comprising segments as claimed in claim 1 and secured together by said articulated coupling devices.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
  • Architecture (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
  • Geology (AREA)
  • Lining And Supports For Tunnels (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to a tunnel lining segments. The drawing shows a tunnel lining segment having a tie member extending circumferentially through the segment. The tie member of one segment is secured to the tie member of an adjacent segment by an articulated coupling device which permits one segment to be rotated with respect to the next segment after securing at the coupling device in assembly of the tunnel ling.

Description

United States Patent Cardwell et a1.
ARCUATE TUNNEL LINING SEGMENTS Inventors: William Thomas Cardwell,
Laleham; Francis Murray Hawke, Ashford; Peter Gordon Gibson, Camberley, all of England Charcon Tunnels Limited, Derby, England Filed: Aug. 10, 1973 Appl. No.: 387,376
Assignee:
Foreign Application Priority Data Aug. 15, 1972 United Kingdom 38071/72 US. Cl. 61/45 R, 52/224 1m. (:1. EOlg 5/02 Field of Search 61 /45 R, 42; 52/224, 582,
References Cited UNITED STATES PATENTS 8/1911 lngraham 52/584 4/1927 Serra 61/45 R 1 Mar. 18, 1975 1,979,896 11/1934 McAlpine 61/45 R 3,471,185 10/1969 Parr 403/60 FOREIGN PATENTS OR APPLICATIONS 1,292,638 10/1972 Great Britain .1 61/45 R 411,315 11/1922 Germany 61/42 407,822 2/1922 Germany 61/42 Primary Examiner-Paul R. Gilliam Assistant Examiner-Alex Grosz Attorney, Agent, or Firm-Cushman, Darby & Cushman [57] ABSTRACT The invention relates to a tunnel lining segments.
The drawing shows a tunnel lining segment having a tie member extending circumferentially through the segment. The tie member of one segment is secured to the tie member of an adjacent segment by an articulated coupling device which permits one segment to be rotated with respect to the next segment after securing at the coupling device in assembly of the tunnel ling.
6 Claims, 3 Drawing Figures PATENTEU HAR] 81975 sum 2 95 2 ARCUATE TUNNEL LINING SEGMENTS BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the invention This invention relates to arcuate tunnel lining seg ments.
2. Description of the Prior Art U.K. Patent Specification No. 1,292,638 discloses arcuate tunnel lining segments having tie members extending circumferentially through the segments. The tie members are secured together by rigid couplings. The method of erection comprises securing a tie member for a new segment to be erected to a tie member of a previously erected segment and the then sliding a new segment over the new tie member. This operation causes difficulty in practice because the new segment to be slid around the surface of the tunnel.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The invention provides arcuate tunnel lining segments.
The invention provides an arcuate tunnel lining segment having at least one tie member extending circumferentially through and enclosed within the segment, at least one end of the tie member having a coupling device for securing said end to the end of a tie member of a further segment and which coupling device incorporates an articulated joint to permit one segment to be pivoted with respect to another during erection of said segment.
With this arrangement a new tunnel lining segment can be secured a previously erected segment by attaching a tie member to the tie member of a previously erected segment through the articulated coupling device with the new tie member extending into the centre of the tunnel, sliding the new segment of the tie member clear of the tunnel wall and then pivoting the new segment and tie member into engagement with the tunnel wall.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING FIG. 1 is a side view of a portion of a tunnel lining ring being constructed of segments embodying the invention;
FIG. 2 is a perspective view of a coupling device for joining tie rods of adjacent segments of the lining ring of FIG. 1; and
FIG. 3 is a sectional detail through a joint between two adjacent segments embodying the invention.
DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT Referring to the drawings, a tunnel lining ring is constructed of a plurality of arcuate concrete segments 10. Each segment has a number of axially spaced circumferential bores 11 extending through them, one of which can be seen in FIG. 3. A rod 12 which is threaded at both ends extends through each bore 10, the arcuate length of the rod being less than the arcuate length of the segment 10 at the centre of its radial thickness. Each of the ends of the bores 11 is enlarged as indicated by 13.
The tie rods of adjacent segments are connected by a universally articulated coupling device 14 as shown in FIG. 2. The device 14 comprises two interlinked rigid loops. Each loop comprises a hexagonal nut 15 and a rigid U-shaped member 16. The limbs of the member l6'extend substantially parallel to the bore of the nut and the free ends of the limbs are welded to a pair of opposed flats of the nut respectively.
Referring to FIGS. 1 and 2, the lining ring is built up by placing one segment 10 against the wall of the excavated tunnel bore. Flat plate washers 17 are put on the free ends of the rod 12 and abut the bases of the recesses 13. A coupling device 14 is screwed onto each end of the rod 12 such that the base of U-shaped portion 16 of the shackle lies substantially in the plane of the radial end face of the segment. A further tie rod 12 is screwed into the opposite nuts of the coupling devices. The further tie rods are pivoted inwardly of the excavate tunnel bore so that further segments 10 can be slid over the further tie rods. The further segments are then pivoted outwardly to lie against the tunnel bore. Further coupling devices are then screwed on the free ends 'of the tie rods extending within the further segments to hold the adjacent radial ends of the further segments and the initially laid segment in abutment.
The ring is completed by a key segment (not shown) to which tie rods of segments on either side of the key segment are secured in a similar manner to the arrangement described and illustrated in U.K. Patent Specification No. 1,292,683.
We Claim:
1. An arcuate tunnel lining segment having at least one tie member extending circumferentially through and enclosed within the segment, at least one end of the tie member having an articulated coupling device for securing said end to a tie member of a further segment, which coupling device comprises a nut screwed on to said one end of the tie member, a first rigid U-shaped element the ends of which are secured to the nut on either side thereof and a second rigid U-shaped element interlinked with the first element and having a further nut secured between the ends thereof for screwing on to an end of a further tie member.
2. A segment as claimed in claim 1 wherein the tie member comprises an arcuate rod extending through a preformed circumferential hole in the segment.
3. A segment as claimed in claim 1 wherein a plurality of said tie members are provided in the segment at locations spaced apart in the direction of the axis of the segment.
4. A segment as claimed in claim 1 which is precast in concrete.
5. A segment as claimed in claim 1 wherein the tie member has an articulated coupling device at each end thereof to receive and retain the ends of the tie members of further segments.
6. A tunnel lining comprising segments as claimed in claim 1 and secured together by said articulated coupling devices.

Claims (6)

1. An arcuate tunnel lining segment having at least one tie member extending circumferentially through and enclosed within the segment, at least one end of the tie member having an articulated coupling device for securing said end to a tie member of a further segment, which coupling device comprises a nut screwed on to said one end of the tie member, a first rigid Ushaped element the ends of which are secured to the nut on either side thereof and a second rigid U-shaped element interlinked with the first element and having a further nut secured between the ends thereof for screwing on to an end of a further tie member.
2. A segment as claimed in claim 1 wherein the tie member comprises an arcuate rod extending through a preformed circumferential hole in the segment.
3. A segment as claimed in claim 1 wherein a plurality of said tie members are provided in the segment at locations spaced apart in the direction of the axis of the segment.
4. A segment as claimed in claim 1 which is precast in concrete.
5. A segment as claimed in claim 1 wherein the tie member has an articulated coupling device at each end thereof to receive and retain the ends of the tie members of further segments.
6. A tunnel lining comprising segments as claimed in claim 1 and secured together by said articulated coupling devices.
US387376A 1972-08-15 1973-08-10 Arcuate tunnel lining segments Expired - Lifetime US3871183A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GB3807172A GB1393287A (en) 1972-08-15 1972-08-15 Arcuate tunnel lining segments

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US3871183A true US3871183A (en) 1975-03-18

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JP (1) JPS49124835A (en)
AR (1) AR207745A1 (en)
AU (1) AU473027B2 (en)
BE (1) BE803527A (en)
BR (1) BR7306192D0 (en)
CA (1) CA982833A (en)
FR (1) FR2196421B1 (en)
GB (1) GB1393287A (en)
ZA (1) ZA735477B (en)

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5066167A (en) * 1990-01-19 1991-11-19 Vsl International Ag Prestressed concrete lining in a pressure tunnel
US5634312A (en) * 1992-02-26 1997-06-03 Independent Concrete Pipe Shear bolt connected structural units
US20160215472A1 (en) * 2008-01-28 2016-07-28 Darin R. Kruse Apparatus and Methods for Underground Structures and Construction Thereof
US9828737B2 (en) 2011-06-03 2017-11-28 Darin R. Kruse Lubricated soil mixing systems and methods

Families Citing this family (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE3218517C2 (en) * 1982-05-17 1984-03-01 Philipp Holzmann Ag, 6000 Frankfurt Tubbing lining for tunnels, galleries or the like. and measuring device for checking the joint width of such a segment construction
JP2784740B2 (en) * 1995-06-23 1998-08-06 旭コンクリート工業株式会社 Concrete block connection structure

Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1001273A (en) * 1909-06-10 1911-08-22 Ivan H Holden Concrete block for watering-tanks.
US1624369A (en) * 1923-11-21 1927-04-12 Julius H Serra Concrete wall construction and block therefor
US1979896A (en) * 1931-11-19 1934-11-06 Mcalpine Malcolm Method of lining tunnels, shafts, or the like
US3471185A (en) * 1967-12-29 1969-10-07 Thompson Wendell L Helical ratchet clasp

Family Cites Families (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE257175C (en) *
GB1292638A (en) * 1969-12-16 1972-10-11 Kinnear Moodie Concrete Ltd Improvements in or relating to arcuate tunnel lining segments

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1001273A (en) * 1909-06-10 1911-08-22 Ivan H Holden Concrete block for watering-tanks.
US1624369A (en) * 1923-11-21 1927-04-12 Julius H Serra Concrete wall construction and block therefor
US1979896A (en) * 1931-11-19 1934-11-06 Mcalpine Malcolm Method of lining tunnels, shafts, or the like
US3471185A (en) * 1967-12-29 1969-10-07 Thompson Wendell L Helical ratchet clasp

Cited By (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5066167A (en) * 1990-01-19 1991-11-19 Vsl International Ag Prestressed concrete lining in a pressure tunnel
US5634312A (en) * 1992-02-26 1997-06-03 Independent Concrete Pipe Shear bolt connected structural units
US20160215472A1 (en) * 2008-01-28 2016-07-28 Darin R. Kruse Apparatus and Methods for Underground Structures and Construction Thereof
US10017910B2 (en) * 2008-01-28 2018-07-10 Darin R. Kruse Apparatus and methods for underground structures and construction thereof
US10815633B2 (en) 2008-01-28 2020-10-27 Darin R. Kruse Apparatus and methods for underground structures and construction thereof
US20240376821A1 (en) * 2008-01-28 2024-11-14 Darin R. Kruse Apparatus and Methods for Underground Structures and Construction Thereof
US9828737B2 (en) 2011-06-03 2017-11-28 Darin R. Kruse Lubricated soil mixing systems and methods
US10557242B2 (en) 2011-06-03 2020-02-11 Darin R. Kruse Lubricated soil mixing systems and methods

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
FR2196421B1 (en) 1976-06-18
JPS49124835A (en) 1974-11-29
BR7306192D0 (en) 1974-07-25
AU5918573A (en) 1975-02-13
GB1393287A (en) 1975-05-07
ZA735477B (en) 1975-07-30
BE803527A (en) 1973-12-03
FR2196421A1 (en) 1974-03-15
DE2340871A1 (en) 1974-02-28
AU473027B2 (en) 1976-06-10
DE2340871B2 (en) 1976-07-15
AR207745A1 (en) 1976-10-29
CA982833A (en) 1976-02-03

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