US378340A - Exhaust apparatus for locomotsves - Google Patents

Description

(No Model.)

J Y. SMITH.

EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR L'OCOMOTIVBS.

Inventor TWK/eas e@ UNrrnD STATES Parana* @erica JOHN YSMITII, OF DQYLES'IOVN, PENNSYLVANIA.

EXHAUST' APPARATUS FOR LOClVlOTlVES.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 378,340, dated February 21, 3.888.

Application filed September 28, 1887. Serial No. 250,929. (No model.)

.T0 @ZZ whom t may concern:

Be it known that I, JOHN Y. SMITH, of Doylestown, in the county of Bucks and State ofPennsylvania,haveinvented certain new and useful Improvements in Blast or Exhaust Apparatus for Locomotive and other Boilers; and I do hereby declare the following to be a full, clear, and exact description of the same, reference being had to the accompanying drawings, forming a part of this specification, and to the gures and letters of reference marked thereon.

This invention relates to a new and improved blast or exhaust apparatus, designed more especially for use in connection with loeomotive and other boilers,for inducing, maintaining, and regulating the draft through the furnace and heating-tubes. Y

Attempts have heretofore been made, and with various degrees of success, to improve the construction and operation of the blast apparatus through which the exhaust-steam is applied for creating a draft in the flues and furnace; but great difficulty has been eperienced in so constructing and applying the exhaust apparatus as to not only produce a uniform draft through the series of tubes or ilues,which can be modified and regulated at will, but also operate as a spark-extinguisher.

Among the several devices proposed the one which most nearly approximates, Without in any respect embodying my present invention and improvements, comprises an annular nozzle or blast-pipe, Within which is located a central nozzle or steam-pipo.4 An annular opening or chamber is formed between the central and outer blast pipes or nozzles, through Which the air and gaseous produc-ts are drawn, the inletopening to said passage being located at or near the bottom of the uptake and opposite the lower luesfwhile the outletis above the upper flues and in lino with the smoke-stack. 'Practice has demonstrated that such an appa` ratus is not free from, objectionable features, and among its other defects and deficiencies may be mentioned its inability to produce a unii 'form draft through all the fines, the bottom ilues being much more highly heated than those above; inability to adjust and regulate the draft and at the same time distributcit equally through all the tubes or flues, and want of capacity to extinguish sparks.

My present invention is designed to overcome or in a great measure obviate these de fects; and it comprises a blast or exhaust apparatus, the principal elements of which, considered separately and in combination, are, first, an annular nozzle or blast pipe provided with an external Wall or coniining-passage in advance of said nozzle; second, an annular air-passage within and. adjacent to said nozzle; third, a second annular nozzle or blastpipe situated within the air-passage and below the mouth of the first-named nozzle or blast pipe; fourth, an air-passage located Within the inner nozzle; and, fifth, inlet passages or openings located at diderent points in the length of the blast or exhaust apparatus, for taking air from the uptake or chamber at different points relatively to the dues, so as to distributc the draft.

My invention also comprises certain other and minor features of construction and combinations of parts, all as hereinafter more fully described, and pointed out in the claims.

In the accompanying drawings, Figure l'is a vertical longitudinal section through an ex haust or blast apparatus embodying my improvements. Fig. 2 is a transverse horizontal section on the line a" Similar letters of reference in the several figures indicate the same parts.

As my improvements can be best explained in their application to a locomotiveboiler, I will in the following description refer only to tho use of the apparatus in connection with such a boiler, it being understood that the same may be employed in connection With other forms and constructions of boilers or furnaces for producing a forced draft or in any situation Where an exhaust is desired.

As applied to a locomotiveboiler, the blast or exhaust apparatus is preferably located in the uptake and beneath the opening leading to the smoke-stack, the base resting upon and communicating with the exhaust chamber or pipes, into which steam is conducted under pressure either from the exhaust-ports of the cylinders or from the boiler.

The lower end of the apparatusmthat is to IOO Say, the principal or lower inletfnassageT-fis ranged 'near the bottom of the uptake at or about the level of the lower flues.

The preferred form and construction of apparatus embodying the generic features hereinafter claimed are shown in the drawings, wherein the letter A designates the outer annular steam-nozzle, and B the confining fluel or chamber therefor; C, the annular air-pas sage; D, the inner annular steam-nozzle, and E the conning fine or chamber therefor; F, the inner air pipe or passage, and G the inletpassages communicating with the outer or annular air-chamber of C, said inlet-passages being located at different points in the length of the blast apparatus, hence at different heights or levels as respects the uptake and iues.

From an inspection of the drawings and a consideration of the mutual and cooperative relations of the several parts, :it will be obvious to one skilled in the art that when steam under pressure is admitted and caused to flow through the annular nozzles or jet-openings A` and D the steam passing through nozzle A will operate to draw air or gases through the passages C and F, acting more powerfully, however, upon the air issuing from passage C, while the steam, as itescapes from nozzle D, will draw air through the central passage, F. The steam issuing from nozzle D not only surrounds the air or gases drawn through F, but is intimately mixed or mingled therewith in the iiue or chamber E, and the resulting mixture of steam and air or products of combustion drawn principally from the lower portion of the uptake is delivered within and against the annular jet of air or gases drawn through passage C by the action of steam escaping through nozzle A, surrounding passage C, and the whole body of steam and air or gases being passed through flue B, which latter forms a component part of the ejector or suction device, a thorough mingling of steam and the air or products of combustion is effected before their escape into the smoke-stack. In this way not only is a more powerful blast and consequent draft produced, but the gases and solid products of combustion as drawn through the device are first surrounded and then intimately mixed or enveloped by the escaping steam, whereby the incandescent or highly-heated particles or sparks are instantly and completely extinguished. Such, in general, is the operation when the passages G are closed and steam is permitted to issue from both nozzles A and D, (for, as will presently appear, the apparatus is designed to be so constructed and arranged that steam may be admitted to either or both of said nozzles at will,`) in which case the air or products of combustion enter the passages O and F from the lower end or near the bottom of the uptake and opposite the lower flues. Under such circumstances the major portion of the air drawn from the furnace will be caused to pass through the lower ues, which latter will thereby receive a larger proportion of heat than the upper unes.. This. is not desirable. under all'crcumstances; hence I provide a series of ,openings or passages G, located at different points and communicating with the air passage or chamber C, whereby air or gases may be drawn from different levels, and by the employment of suitable valves controlling said passages,

with or without valves controlling the steam-` passages, the draft through the fines can be regulated or equalized as circumstances render advisable.

With this explanation of the general features and mode of operation of my improved apparatus, I will now proceed to describe the preferred form in which I haveillustrated its application.

For convenience of manufacture the outer cylinder or frame is made in four or more sections, as shown, but for convenience of description it will be referred to as divided into three sections, viz., the base 1, middle 2, and upper 3. The base l is made in the form of a hollow cylinder or casing provided with internal radial arms, 6, supporting the central tube,F,`which communicates through passages 5 in arms 6 with the exterior of the base 1. The upper end ofsection 1 is partially covered or closed by an annular ring or plate, 7, forming the base or support of the flue E. The flue E surrounds and iucloses the upper vend of tube F, and is enlarged below the mouth of the latter to form a steam-chamber which communicates with the-interior of the lower section, 1, through an opening or openings, 9. An annular valve, 15, mounted upon pivoted links 16, so as to be raised and lowered thereby as the valve is rotated, controls the said openings 9. As will be seen, the tube or flue E is tapered or contracted from a point below the end of nozzle F to a point,-8, about midway between said nozzle and the upper end of ue E, and is fiared or expanded from said central portion, 8, (at which point the opening is of about the same diameter or area as the nozzle F,) to the upper end. The middle section, 2, is formed or provided with inner and outer walls, 20 21, connected at the bottom by a ange or end plate, 23, and held apart by stays or plates to form a steam-chamber or annular passage, 22. The lower end of the section 2 rests upon the base or flange 7 of flue E, and both are secured in position upon section 1 by bolts or other suitable fastenings. Ports or openings 24, controlled by an annular valve or plate, 25, mounted on links 26, serve to open communication between the interior of lower section, 1, and chamber 22. At various points in the length of section 2 tubes or tlues G are inserted through the walls 20 21, said iiues being controlled by rings or dampers 27, or other equivalent forms of valves, whereby said passages can be opened or closed as desired. The inner wall, 20, of section 2 terminates at or about the level or in line with the mouth of flue E, and upon it is tted a longitudinallyadjustable ring, 28, having a tapered periphery cooperating with IOO IIO

the inner surf-acc of the outei` wall, 2l, to form the adjustable steam-nozzle A. The upper section, 3, is attached to and forms a prolongation of the outer wall, 2l, of section 2, its inner surface being contracted at and made with ilaring walls beyond that point. 'l`he valves 15 and 25, controlling the passages into the steam-charnbers, may be operated separately, or, as shown, by a shaft, 3l, provided with arms or projections 32, engaging shoulders on said valves, so that when said shaft is oscillated it will cause the valves to rotate or move upon their supporting toggles or links, thereby raising one valve and lowering the other, or vice versa.

In order to produce the maximum effect of the steam upon the inclosed column of air or gas, the passages leading to and constituting the nozzles A D, through which the steam is injected, are so formed that the contiguous walls or surfaces shall be brought nearest togetber at a point, 40, below the end of the passage and diverge slightly but uniformly from that point to the end. By thus contracting the steam-passages below the mouth of the inelosed air-passage the steam is slightly re- Vtarded and compressed, and, emerging from the narrow opening, it is conducted between the grado allydivergin g surfaces to the mouth, where, by its expansion and pressure, it acts upon the inclosed columns of air to carry and force it out through the Vfiue in front of the nozzle.

Having thus described my invention, what I claim as new isl. In an exhaust apparatus such as described, the combination of an annular steam-nozzle and surrounding confining-line, an annular air-passage within and adjacent to said nozzle, a liuc or passage located within and forming the inner wall o'fsaid air-passage, and a central air tube or passage located within the lower end of said llue or passage and forming,`in conjunction with the latter, an annular steamnozzle, substantially as described.

2. In an exhaustapparatussuch as described, the combination, with the central air-tube and surrounding lline extended beyond said airtube, and forming, in conjunction with the latter, an annular steanrnozzle, of au annular steam-nozzle surrounding the upper end of said flue, but removed therefrom to form a passage between said nozzleandilue, snbstair tially as described.

3. In an exh aust apparatus such as described, the combinatiomwith the central air-tube, annular steam-nozzle, and the flue forming an extension or prolongation of said nozzle, of an annular nozzle located at or nearthe upper end of said flue, air-passages between said lastnamed nozzle and flue, and inlet-passages located at different distances from the outer annular nozzle, substantially as described.

4. In combination with a series of tlues or draft-pipes and a chamber or uptake into which they open, an exhaust apparatus, such as described, located in said chamber or uptake, and provided with iuletopcnings below 'the blast-nozzle and at different heights with respect to said chamber and fines, substantially as described.

5. In combination with a series of lines or draft-pipes and a chamber or uptake into which they open, an exhaust apparatus, such as described, located within said chamber and provided with a series oi' inlet-openings disposed at diiiierent points in its length below the blast-nozzle, and valves for controlling -said openings, substantially as described.

G. In combination with a series of iiucs or draftpipes and a chamber or uptake into which they open, an exhaust apparatus, such as described, comprising an inner annular steam-nozzle and central air-tube, the latter having an inlet communicating with the lower portion of t-he uptake or chamber, and an outer annular steanrnozzle and air-passage, the latter provided with inlet-openings communicating with the chamber or uptake at points above the first-named inlet and below the outer steam-nozzle, both of said steainnozzles communicating with a common steam-supply, substantially as described.

7. In an exhaust apparatus such as described, the combination, with the hollow base and central air-tubes supported upon hollow radial arms, ofthe ilue supported upon said base, with its lower end surrounding the central air-tube, and forming, in conjunction with the latter, an annular nozzle and steam-chamber, ports or passages connecting said chamber with the interior ofthe base, and a valve controlling said passages, substantially as described.

8. In an exhaust apparatus such as described, the combination, with an annular nozzle, A, confining flue or passage B, and annular airpassage ti, of a flue, E, inner ai r-pipe F, and annular nozzle D, substantially as described.

9. In an exhaust apparatus such as described, the combination, with inner and outer walls 20 21, ot' a steam chamber or passage terminating in an annular nozzle, A, a flue, E, terminating at or about in line with said nozzle A, said fine forming the inner wall ot' an air-chamber, C, a central air pipe or passage, F, projecting within the lower end of flue E, and an annular steam-nozzle, l), surrounding the upper end of pipe F and communicating with the interior of ilue E, substantially as described.

10. In an exhaust apparatus such as described, comprising tbe annular nozzle A, passage C, flue E, nozzle D, air pipe or pas sage F, and a base or steanrchamber with ports leading to passages or chambers communicating with said nozzles and in combination therewith, and valves controlling tbe said ports for cutting oli the supply ot' steam to either nozzle, substantially as described.

1l. In an exhaust apparatus such as de scribed, containing an outer annular nozzle, an inner annular nozzle, and a separate ain passage within and surrounded by each of said IOO IIO

nozzles and in Combination therewith, and a common steam-chamber, a separate valve conA trolling the steam ports or passages leading to each of said nozzles, and a shaft or operating device engaging said valves to simultaneously shift them in opposite directions, substantially as described.

12. In an exhaust apparatus such as de scribed, and in combination with the annular nozzle A and steam-passages leading thereto, the double tapered flue E, supported within and extending in rear of said nozzle, the tapered air-pipe F, projecting Within the rear end of said iiue and co-operating with the inclined inner face of the latter to form an annular nozzle, D, substantially as described.

13. In .an exhaust apparatus such as de scribed, and in combination with the flue E and a steam-nozzle and air-pipe opening into said lue, an inclosing wall or easing, anv annular nozzle, A, an air-passage opening between said nozzle A and the flue E, and inlet-passages through the inclosing wall located at intervals in rear ofthe nozzle A,substantially as described.

14.l The hereinbefore described improved exhaust apparatus, consisting, essentially, of the base 1, provided with air-pipe F, the iiue E, provided with a' ange at its lower end resting upon and partially closing the top of base 1, the section 2, provided with an annu` lar steam-chamber, terminating at the upper end in a nozzle, A, and the upper septies, 3, extending beyond and forming a prolongation of the outer wall of the nozzle A, substantially as described. j

15. The combination, in an apparatus such as described, of the inner and outer stean1- nozzles, air-passages adjacent thereto, and the confining-flue surrounding the inner steam and air nozzles, substantially as described.

16. In combination with a central air-passage, annular steam-nozzle and confining-flue constituting the inner ejector, a second ejector surrounding the exit end of the said confining-flue, and provided with an air-passage and steam-nozzle, substantially as described.

17. In an apparatus such as described, the combination of an inner ejector and au outer ejector, a confining-flue in advance ofthe inner ejector, and a confining-flue common to both ejectors, substantially as described.

18. In an apparatus such as described, containing inner and outer ejeetors communicating with a common steam supply, the combi` nation, with the outer ejector and central airtube, of the intermediate contininglue co-operating with the central air-tube to form the annular steam-nozzle of the inner ejector, substantially as described.

` JOHN Y. SMITH. Witnesses:

J. B. CHURCH, A. G. STEUART.

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